AIM:To investigate the current status of astigmatism and its associated factors among children and adolescents from kindergarten through senior high school in Yangpu District, Shanghai, and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of refractive errors.METHODS:A cluster sampling method was employed. From September to November 2024, students from 14 randomly selected schools in Yangpu District, Shanghai, were enrolled as study subjects. Autorefraction and ocular biometry were performed under non-cycloplegic conditions, and questionnaire surveys were administered. Comparisons of astigmatism degree, detection rate, and axis were made across age groups, educational stages, and sexes. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with astigmatism.RESULTS:A total of 7 233 students aged 4-18 y were enrolled including 3 731 males, 3 502 females, with the mean age 10.13±4.18 y, astigmatism -0.76±0.82 D, and the detection rate(≤-1.00 D)was 29.23%. Both the degree and detection rate of astigmatism were correlated with age and educational stage, peaking in senior high school, with the most pronounced changes observed during primary school. Besides age, astigmatic refractive power was influenced by spherical equivalent(β=0.105, P<0.001), mean keratometry(β=-0.118, P<0.001), sex(with boys as the reference, girls: β=0.054, P<0.001), frequent sustained near work for 30-40 min(with “almost never” as the reference, β=-0.030, P=0.038), preterm birth(β=-0.023, P=0.044), maternal myopia(β=-0.028, P=0.020), and homework completion time on rest days(β=-0.035, P=0.041). The detection rate of astigmatism was associated with maternal myopia(OR=1.130, P=0.039), male sex(OR=0.773, P<0.001), shorter sleep duration on school days(OR=0.909, P=0.028), shorter sleep duration on rest days(OR=0.937, P=0.046), preterm birth(OR=1.382, P=0.012), frequent excessive head lowering(OR=1.216, P=0.045), homework completion time on rest days(OR=1.043, P=0.046), higher spherical equivalent(OR=0.891, P<0.001), and higher mean keratometry(OR=1.188, P<0.001).CONCLUSION:The degree and detection rate of astigmatism among children and adolescents from kindergarten to senior high school in Yangpu District, Shanghai are correlated with educational stage, and primary school may represent a critical period for astigmatism prevention and control. Male sex, maternal myopia, preterm birth, high-intensity near work, and insufficient sleep and other factors may be associated with the onset and progression of astigmatism. It is recommended that education and health departments strengthen visual health screening during primary school, while promoting behavioral interventions such as scientific eye-use habits and adequate sleep across different educational stages to delay the onset and progression of astigmatism.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum forkhead box F1(FOXF1)and Ape-lin-13 levels and carotid atherosclerosis(CAS)in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods From January 2022 to March 2024,207 elderly T2DM patients admitted to the hospital(T2DM group)and 52 healthy elderly patients underwent physical examination(control group)were selected as the study objects.The elderly T2DM patients were divided into CAS group(128 cases)and non-CAS group(79 cases)according to the occurrence of CAS.Serum FOXF1 and Apelin-13 levels were detected by real-time flu-orescent quantitative PCR and enzyme-linked immunoadsorption assay.The influencing factors of CAS in eld-erly T2DM patients were determined by multivariate unconditional Logistic regression,and the predictive effi-cacy of serum FOXF1 and Apelin-13 levels was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve.Results The levels of FOXF1 and Apelin-13 in T2DM group were lower than those in control group(P＜0.05).The inci-dence of CAS in 207 elderly T2DM patients was 61.84％(128/207).The levels of serum FOXF1 and Apelin-13 in CAS group were lower than those in non-CAS group(P＜0.05).The independent risk factors of CAS in elderly T2DM patients were the duration of T2DM,glycosylated hemoglobin and low density lipoprotein cho-lesterol(P＜0.05),and the independent protective factors were FOXF1 and Apelin-13(P＜0.05).The com-bined prediction of serum FOXF1 and Apelin-13 levels for CAS in elderly T2DM patients was 0.882,which was larger than 0.782 and 0.791 predicted by serum FOXF1 and Apelin-13 levels alone(P＜0.05).Conclu-sion The decrease of serum FOXF1 and Apelin-13 levels in elderly T2DM patients is closely related to CAS,and the combined detection of serum FOXF1 and Apelin-13 levels has a high predictive effect on CAS in elder-ly T2DM patients.

AIM: To analyze the causes of blindness and low vision in patients with visual disability in Yangpu District of Shanghai from 2019 to 2022.METHODS:Cross-sectional study. A total of 1 604 patients who participated in the evaluation of visual disability in Shanghai Yangpu District Kongjiang Hospital, from April 2019 to December 2022 were selected for the study. The grade of visual disability and the main causes of blindness and low vision were determined by trained doctors.RESULTS:A total of 804 patients with visual disabilities were identified, with 87.31% aged 60 and above. The causes of visual disability were high myopic retinopathy(30.47%), age-related macular degeneration(23.26%), glaucoma(17.04%), and diabetic retinopathy(11.07%). Glaucoma(36.96%)is the leading cause of blindness.CONCLUSION: The majority of patients with visual disability are aged 60 years and above. More attention should be paid to the elderly population. Comprehensive prevention, treatment and rehabilitation measures should be applied in different diseases based on classification, so as to early reduce the occurrence of visual disability.

Objective:To explore the rule of CD8+CD25+FoxP3+ regulator T cells(Treg) in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia (PE) in peripheral blood.Methods:This study included 24 gestational-age-matched healthy pregnant women and 46 pregnant women diagnosed with mild PE (MPE,n=24) or severe PE (SPE,n=22) during the third trimester of gestation.An 3 ml sample of peripheral blood was drawn from each subject and anti-coagulated with heparin sodiurm The percentage of CD8 + CD25 + FoxP3 + Treg cells was detected by flow cytometry.The cytokines IL-6,IL-17A,IL-10,IL-1,IL-33 and TGF-β31 were detected using Luminex200.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated frum healthy controls and treated with IL-33,the percentages of CD8+ CD25+ FoxP3 + Treg cell were measured by flow cytometric detection.Results:Compared to that of healthy pregnant controls [0.48(0.21-0.96)％],MPE patients [0.32(0.19-0.63)％] and SPE patients [0.13(0.02-0.41)％] had lower percentages of CD8+CD25+FoxP3+Treg cells (P＜0.05).Compared to HP controls,higher levels of IL-6 and IL-17A were found in MPE and SPE patients(P＜0.05) and even higher in SPE patients.The levels of IL-10,IL-1[β and IL-33 were similar in all three groups (P＞0.05).Compared to HP contruls,the levels of TGF-[β1 was significantly increased in SPE and MPE patients(P＜0.05),but no significant differences were found between these two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The percentage of CD8+ CD25+ FoxP3+ Treg cells showed a negative correlation with the serum concentrations of IL-17A (r =-0.338,P =0.338),and a positive correlation with the serum concentrations of IL-33 (r =0.548,P =0.548).After PBMCs were treated with IL-33 for five days,the percentages of CD8+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg were significantly higher than those of the contruls (P＜0.05).Conclusion:These findings suggested that the reduced CD8+ CD25 + FoxP3 + Treg cells may play a role in the pathogenesis of ore-eclamosia.

Objective To study the effects of Hrs on apoptosis and cell proliferation in colon cancer cell lines HCT?116 and SW?480. Methods The expression of Hrs in HCT?116 and SW?480 was knocking down by shRNA. Cell apoptosis was detected by FACS and cell proliferation was de?termined by MTT,incucyte and soft agar. Results The apoptosis was significantly increased after Hrs knocking down in both HCT?116 and SW?480,and the cell proliferation was inhibited. Conclusion Hrs is involved in the apoptosis and proliferation of colon cancer cells.