Viral hepatitis and related liver diseases are among the most significant global healthcare issues. Viral hepatitis not only directly affects liver function but also interacts with the gut microbiota through the gut-liver axis. Imbalance in the gut microbiota may be associated with the occurrence, development and prognosis of viral hepatitis and related liver diseases. Detection and analysis of the gut microbiota can help to comprehensively understand the health status of patients with viral hepatitis and related liver diseases, providing a basis for early diagnosis. Recovery of gut microbiota dysbiosis may help to alleviate liver inflammation and to improve liver function. Regulating the gut microbiota through gut microbiota transplantation, probiotics and prebiotics may be new strategies for treating viral hepatitis and related liver diseases. By analyzing the latest research progress of gut microbiota in viral hepatitis and related liver diseases, this article provides new methods for the diagnosis and treatment of viral hepatitis and related liver diseases.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of early life intervention with Bifidobacterium bifidum BD-1 (B. bifidum BD-1) on hyperactivity in a female mouse model of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Eight newborn female Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and 6 spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs) were gavaged with saline and another 6 SHRs were gavaged with B. bifidum BD-1 (10⁹ CFU) daily for 3 weeks. Open field test of the rats was conducted at 7 weeks, and fecal samples were collected at weaning (3 weeks) and at 7 weeks for 16S rRNA sequencing. Immunofluorescent staining was used to detect dopamine transporter (DAT) and tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) levels in the striatum and activated microglia in the prefrontal cortex. Treg cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen and blood were analyzed using flow cytometry. RESULTS: The SHRs traveled a significantly greater distance in open fields test than WKY rats, and this behavior was significantly attenuated by B. bifidum BD-1 intervention. The expression of DAT and Th in the striatum was significantly lower in the SHRs than in WKY rats, while B. bifidum BD-1 treatment obviously increased Th levels in the SHRs. B. bifidum BD-1 intervention significantly deceased the number of activated microglia and increased Treg cell counts in the spleen of SHRs. The treatment also enhanced α diversity in gut microbiota of the SHRs and resulted in a decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio, more active Muribaculaceae growth, and suppression of Clostridia_UCG-014 proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Early life intervention with B. bifidum BD-1 alleviates hyperactivity in female SHRs by modulating the gut microbiota and peripheral immune response, suppressing neuroinflammation and improving dopaminergic system function. These findings provide evidence for early prevention strategies and support the development and application of psychobiotics for ADHD.
Animals ; Female ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred WKY ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/therapy* ; Bifidobacterium bifidum ; Probiotics/therapeutic use* ; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism* ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/metabolism* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Disease Models, Animal

Viral hepatitis and related liver diseases are among the most significant global healthcare issues. Viral hepatitis not only directly affects liver function but also interacts with the gut microbiota through the gut-liver axis. Imbalance in the gut microbiota may be associated with the occurrence, development and prognosis of viral hepatitis and related liver diseases. Detection and analysis of the gut microbiota can help to comprehensively understand the health status of patients with viral hepatitis and related liver diseases, providing a basis for early diagnosis. Recovery of gut microbiota dysbiosis may help to alleviate liver inflammation and to improve liver function. Regulating the gut microbiota through gut microbiota transplantation, probiotics and prebiotics may be new strategies for treating viral hepatitis and related liver diseases. By analyzing the latest research progress of gut microbiota in viral hepatitis and related liver diseases, this article provides new methods for the diagnosis and treatment of viral hepatitis and related liver diseases.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of a deep learning (DL) based mammogram calcification detection system. Methods: Screening digital mammographic examinations with standard cranio-caudal (CC) and medio-lateral oblique (MLO) views were performed in 1 431 women (5 488 mammogram images) who were enrolled between January and December in 2013. The DL system and a radiologist detect calcifications separately, and then both results are reviewed by a moreexperiencedradiologist. Sensitivities of the DL model and radiologist were compared. Different calcification morphology, distribution, BI-RADS categories, breast density and patient age were investigated by χ² tests. Results: For DL system, sensitivity of all kinds of calcifications were 96.76% (7 649/7 905). The average false positive was 1.04 per image (5 706/5 488), 3.99 per case (5 706/1 431). The false positive rate was 42.73% (5 706/13 355). There was no significant differences for DL system with different calcification distribution, BI-RADS categories, breast densities and patient ages (P>0.05). Conclusion Deep learning based mammogram calcification detection system shows high sensitivity and stability, which may help to reduce the missing rate of calcification (especially the suspicious ones).

Objective: To investigate the correlation between the maximum elastic modulus(Emax) of breast cancer obtained by shear-wave elastography (SWE) and immunohistochemical profiles. Methods: One hundred and sixty patients with 171 pathologically proven breast lesions were included in this study. All of them underwent conventional ultrasound and SWE examination before surgery. The Emax and maximum diameter were obtained. Histologic grade, immunohistochemical profiles ER, PR, HER-2, Ki-67 and molecular subtypes were recorded according to pathological results after surgery. The correlation between Emax and tumor size, histological grade, ER, PR, HER-2, Ki-67 and molecular subtypes were analyzed. Results: ①There was a positive correlation between the tumor size with Emax(r=0.510, P<0.05); ②The Emax of tumors with HER-2 positive expression were higher than that with HER-2 negative expression(P<0.05), the Emax of tumors with Ki67 high expression were higher than that with Ki67 low expression (P<0.05); ③There were significant differences in Emax between different molecular subtypes(P<0.05), the Emax of HER-2 positive tumor was the highest, followed by those of Luminal B tumor, triple-negative and Luminal A tumor; ④Multiple linear regression indicated that tumor size was the strongest pathologic determinate of Emax value(P<0.05), its standardized partial regression coefficient was 0.500, and HER-2 also had significant influence on Emax value of tumor(P<0.05), the standardized partial regression coefficient was 0.237. Conclusions Some prognosis immunohistochemical feature of breast cancer showed association with the Emax. Breast cancers with higher Emax at shear-wave elastography had poor prognostic features. To some extend, the value of Emax can reflect the biological characteristics of breast cancer, SWE may provide a certain imaging basis for the prognosis of breast cancer and the choice of treatment plan.

Objective: To perform lymphocyte micronucleus analysis on radiation workers with long-term exposure to low doses ionizing radiation, Evaluate the health condition of radiation workers, and provide the evidence for strengthening surveillance of radiation workers. Methods: From January 1, 2013 to December 21, 2016, a statistical analysis and evaluation was conducted of the peripheral lymphocytes micronucleus rate in 5 901 radiation workers who had undergone medical examinations of employees at Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Institute of Radiation Medicine. Results: The micronucleus rates in radiation workers of the on-job group were higher than the pre-job group (P<0.01) . Significant difference was found among the different sex (t=5.97) , different types (χ²=378.69) , different levels of work units (χ²=115.48) . Significant difference was found among the micronucleus rates of 672 radiation workers of the on-job group from 2013 to 2016 (χ²=92.57, P<0.01) . Conclusion The peripheral lymphocytes micronucleus rate of radiation workers were significantly higher than non-contact workers. Significant increasing trend of micronucleus rates was noted among the radiation worker with increasing exposure time. The peripheral lymphocytes micronucleus rates of interventional therapy workers were highest. The peripheral lymphocytes micronucleus rates of Private hospitals workers were highest. This phenomenon deserves attention. Protection needs to be strengthened to ensure the health of radiation workers.

BAP1 is a member of the ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolases (UCH) subfamily of deubiquitylases with basic function of removing monoubiquitin or ubiquitin chains from the specific substrate proteins. As well, it is a key factor in regulating gene expression, cell cycle, cell differentiation,cell apoptosis and DNA damage response, dependent or independent of its deubiquitination function. Evidences haverevealed that mutation or downregulation of BAP1 can prominently increase the occurrence of cancers, including uveal melanoma, mesothelioma, renal cell carcinoma, breast cancer and lung cancer. Currently, the tumor spectrum and the pathogenic mechanism on BAP1 have not been illustrated clearly, and need to be further researched,which might bring a new opportunity in treatment of cancers.

BACKGROUND:In view of the unavoidable problems of autogenous and al ogenous bone grafts, it is an urgent need to develop biodegradable bone substitute materials, among which is calcium phosphate material that has become a hot spot in the domestic and foreign research. OBJECTIVE:To develop a biodegradable calcium phosphate material for bone repair based on tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP). METHODS:The biodegradable calcium phosphate cement made from TTCP, dicalcium phosphate anhydrous and different constituents of curing liquids was prepared under room temperature (about 25 ℃). The effects of solid components, liquid components as well as calcinations and drying temperature on the physical and biological performances were detected through X-ray diffraction test, hardness test, decay in a simulated body fluid, hemolysis and cytotoxicity tests, respectively, to select the bone repair material with excel ent performances. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:When the calcination temperature was lower than 1300 ℃, TTCP was rarely available;only close to 1400 ℃, the relatively pure TTCP was gained. A large number of pure TTCP were gained by rapid cooling because of avoidance of the moisture impact, but slow cooling made the main products to be hydroxyapatite, suggesting that rapid cooling is essential to obtain pure TTCP. With the increase of the proportion of citric acid solution in the liquid phase, the pH values and the hemolysis rate in the bone cement soak solution were increased gradually, illustrating that citric acid solution is easy to induce hemolysis. In vitro cel experiments showed that the hemolysis rate of bone cement with a solution of 2:1 NH4/Na ratio was the lowest, and the biocompatibility was the best, which was the most favorable to cel growth. Cements was made of calcined powders sieved at 1400 ℃ and showed the shortest initial setting time, least effect on pH values, lowest disintegration rate and hemolysis rate, and slightest inhibition effect on the cel proliferation, indicating that the bone cements made of sieved powder after 1400 ℃ calcination is more suitable for clinical application.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence,and the factors that influence depressive symptoms among chronic respiratory disease patients in tertiary hospital.Methods:A total of 1713 outpatients and inpatients with chronic respiratory disease were selected from 8 tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu Province from July to September,2014 and screened according to the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale-D (HADS-D).A questionnaire developed by this research group,was used to collect demographic and clinical information.Logistic regression was used to identify factors that were associated with depressive symptoms.Results:The overall rate of depressive symptoms was 46.0％.Multiple logistic analysis showed that spinsterhood (OR ＝ 0.45),higher education level (middle school /high school/technical school OR ＝0.65;college degree or aboveOR ＝0.28),BMI ≥24 (OR ＝0.71) were associated with decreased risk of depressive symptoms (P ＜ 0.05).B MI ＜ 18.5 (OR ＝ 1.52,),average income of family ≥10000 RMB (OR ＝ 1.37-1.96),limited daily activities (OR ＝ 1.72),poorer sleep quality (OR ＝ 1.45),and negative life events (OR ＝ 1.62) were associated with increased risk of depressive symptoms (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:The prevalence of depressive symptoms among chronic respiratory disease patients in tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu Province was higher.Marital status,education level,income,BMI,limited daily activities,subjective sleep quality,negative life events may be the related factors of depressive symptoms of chronic respiratory diseases patients.

OBJECTIVE:To observe clinical efficacy and safety of edaravone combined with butyl phthalide in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). METHODS:258 AIS patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 129 cases in each group. Both groups were given routine treatment as antiplatelet,improving microcirculation,controlling blood pressure,lowering blood glucose,regulating blood lipid,keeping plaque stable,nourishing brain cells. Control group was additionally given Butyl phthalide capsules orally,200 mg,tid. Observation group was additionally given Edaravone injection 30 mg added into Sodium chloride injection 100 ml,ivgtt,bid,on the basis of control group. Both groups continuously received 14 days of treatment. The serum inflammatory factor,miR-222 and neurologic impairment score of 2 groups were observed before treatment,7,14 d after treatment. Clinical efficacies and the occurrence of ADR were compared between 2 groups. RESULTS:There was no statistical significance in the serum inflammatory factor,miR-222 and neurologic impairment score between 2 groups before treatment(P>0.05). The serum inflammatory factor and neurologic impairment score of 2 groups were decreased significant-ly 7,14 d after treatment,while serum levels of miR-222 were increased significantly;the observation group was significantly bet-ter than the control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). Total effective rate of observation group was 92.2%,which was significantly higher than that of control group (69.8%),with statistical significance (P<0.05). No obvious ADR was found in 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS:Edaravone combined with butyl phthalide is effective in the treatment of AIS,and can significantly de-crease serum inflammatory factor level,promote the expression of miR-222 and improve neurologic function with good safety.