Objective To understand the surveillance situation of poliovirus in Guangzhou from 2011 to 2024, and to further strengthen polio surveillance and ensure the continued maintenance of a polio-free status. Methods An analysis was conducted on the discovery and investigation results of six cases of vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) detected in Guangzhou. Results A total of 6 VDPV incidents were reported in Guangzhou from 2011 to June 2024, among which 5 incidents were from sewage sample testing in the Liede Sewage Treatment Plant in Guangzhou, all of which were confirmed as VDPV, with 1 for type I, 1 for type II, and 3 for type III. In addition, one confirmed HFMD case was identified as a type VDPV II carrier. No presence of any wild poliovirus (WPV), VDPV cases, or circulating VDPV (cVDPV) was reported. Conclusion Guangzhou City has maintained a high level of vigilance and effectiveness in the monitoring and prevention of polio. Continuously strengthening the construction of the polio monitoring network, optimizing vaccination strategies, and comprehensively improving public health awareness are still the focus of the prevention and control work in the future.

With the rapid development of mobile internet technology, mobile health application (mHealth APP) are increasingly widely used in the field of health management and have been proven to play an important role in the management of chronic diseases. Solid organ transplant recipients face complex health management needs after surgery, including postoperative follow-up, medication management, prevention and treatment of complications and comorbidities, and lifestyle adjustment. mHealth APP can provide solid organ transplant recipients with convenient self-management tools. Although some progress has been made in this field, there are still many challenges, such as insufficient user experience, technological dependence, and data security risks. Therefore, this article discusses the development process, main functions and current application status of mHealth APP, and analyzes its advantages in improving the self-management ability of solid organ transplant recipients, promoting doctor-patient communication and reducing the incidence of complications. At the same time, based on the practical experience of author’s team in developing the “TransMate” mHealth APP, we propose the directions that mHealth APPs should focus on in the future, in order to provide more effective support and services for the health management of solid organ transplant recipients.

Objective To explore the construction of α-1,3-galactosyltransferase (GGTA1) gene-knockout (GTKO) Diannan miniature pigs and the kidney xenotransplantation from pigs to rhesus macaques, and to assess the effectiveness of GTKO pigs. Methods The GTKO Diannan miniature pigs were constructed using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing system and somatic cell cloning technology. The phenotype of GTKO pigs was verified through polymerase chain reaction, Sanger sequencing and immunofluorescence staining. Flow cytometry was used to detect antigen-antibody (IgM) binding and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Kidney xenotransplantation was performed from GTKO pigs to rhesus macaques. The humoral immunity, cellular immunity, coagulation and physiological indicators of the recipient monkeys were monitored. The function and pathological changes of the transplanted kidneys were analyzed using ultrasonography, hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence staining. Results Single-guide RNA (sgRNA) targeting exon 4 of the GGTA1 gene in Diannan miniature pigs was designed. The pGL3-GGTA1-sgRNA1-GFP vector was transfected into fetal fibroblasts of Diannan miniature pigs. After puromycin selection, two cell clones, C59# and C89#, were identified as GGTA1 gene-knockout clones. These clones were expanded to form cell lines, which were used as donor cells for somatic cell nuclear transfer. The reconstructed embryos were transferred into the oviducts of trihybrid surrogate sows, resulting in 13 fetal pigs. Among them, fetuses F04 and F11 exhibited biallelic mutations in the GGTA1 gene, and F04 had a normal karyotype. Using this GTKO fetal pig for recloning and transferring the reconstructed embryos into the oviducts of trihybrid surrogate sows, seven surviving piglets were obtained, all of which did not express α-Gal epitope. The binding of IgM from the serum of rhesus monkey 20# to GTKO pig PBMC was reduced, and the survival rate of GTKO pig PBMC in the complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay was higher than that of wild-type pig. GTKO pig kidneys were harvested and perfused until completely white. After the left kidney of the recipient monkey was removed, the pig kidney was heterotopically transplanted. Following vascular anastomosis and blood flow restoration, the pig kidney rapidly turned pink without hyperacute rejection (HAR). Urine appeared in the ureter 6 minutes later, indicating successful kidney transplantation. The right kidney of the recipient was then removed. Seven days after transplantation, the transplanted kidney had good blood flow, the recipient monkey's serum creatinine level was stable, and serum potassium and cystatin C levels were effectively controlled, although they increased 10 days after transplantation. Seven days after transplantation, the levels of white blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils in the recipient monkey increased, while platelet count and fibrinogen levels decreased. The activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time and prothrombin time remained relatively stable but later showed an upward trend. The recipient monkey survived for 10 days. At autopsy, the transplanted kidney was found to be congested, swollen and necrotic, with a small amount of IgG deposition in the renal tissue, and a large amount of IgM, complement C3c and C4d deposition, as well as CD68⁺ macrophage infiltration. Conclusions The kidneys of GTKO Diannan miniature pigs may maintain normal renal function for a certain period in rhesus macaques and effectively overcome HAR, confirming the effectiveness of GTKO pigs for xenotransplantation.

Objective To develop GTKO (α-1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout, GTKO)/hCD55 (human CD55) gene-edited xenotransplant donor pigs and verify their function. Methods In this study, CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 (CRISPR-associated nuclease 9), PiggyBac transposon technology and somatic cell nuclear transfer technology were used to construct GTKO/hCD55 gene-edited Diannan miniature pigs. The phenotype and function of GTKO/hCD55 pigs were analyzed by Sanger sequencing, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, bisulfite sequencing, antigen-antibody binding assays, and complement-dependent cytotoxicity assays. Results After transfection of PX458 and PiggyBac gene editing vectors into wild-type fetal pig fibroblasts, 48 single-cell colonies were obtained through puromycin drug screening. Two single-cell colonies were selected for somatic cell nuclear transfer, resulting in two fetal pigs at 33 days of gestation. The GGTA1(α-1,3-galactosyltransferase) genotypes of fetal pig F01 were -17 bp and wild type (WT), while the GGTA1 genotypes of fetal pig F02 were -26 bp/+2 bp and -3 bp. The hCD55 mRNA expression levels of both fetal pigs were significantly higher than those of WT pigs (P＜0.01). The fetal pig F02 was selected as the donor cell source for recloning, 11 surviving piglets were obtained, all identified as GTKO/hCD55 gene-edited pigs. These pigs showed absence of α-Gal antigen expression, but weak or no expression of hCD55 was observed. Methylation analysis of the hCD55 gene's CpG island showed hypermethylation in kidney tissue lacking hCD55 expression, whereas it was not methylated or partially methylated in kidney tissue expressing hCD55. Moreover, codon optimization of the CpG island of the hCD55 gene to reduce CG content could achieve stable expression of the hCD55 gene. In addition, antigen-antibody binding experiment showed that the amount of human IgM binding to GTKO/hCD55 gene-edited pig fibroblasts was significantly lower than that of WT pigs (P＜0.01). Complement-dependent cytotoxicity experiment showed that the survival rate of fibroblasts in GTKO/hCD55 pigs was significantly higher than that in WT pigs (P＜0.01). Conclusion This study demonstrates the successful generation of GTKO/hCD55 gene-edited xenotransplant donor pigs. Methylation-induced gene silencing of the hCD55 gene can be effectively avoided by reducing the CG content of the CpG island through codon optimization. This study provides a reference for the development of xenotransplant donor pigs and guides subsequent research on xenotransplantation.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS)is a complex three-dimensional deformity involving coronal,sagittal,and axial planes,with a prevalence that should not be overlooked.With advancements in technology and in-depth research,an increasing number of hospitals and physicians are exploring standardized diagnostic and treatment approaches for AIS.Comprehensive and in-depth understanding is required for AIS,including its etiology,screening and diagnosis,classification,assessment and examination,treatment options,exploration of current focus,and evaluation of quality of life.Such understanding ensures that the diagnostic and treatment are scientific,standardized,and timely.Based on the principles of evidence-based medicine,a consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of AIS is reached after multiple discussions among spinal surgery experts,aiming to provide reference and guidance for clinical practice.

Objective To explore the correlation between the pulmonary artery diameter(PAD),PAD/aortic diameter(AOD),right ventricular diameter(RVD),RVD/left ventricular diameter(LVD)measured on pulmonary artery CT angiography(CTPA)cross-sectional images and the degree of embolism,cardiac biomarkers in patients with medium-to-high risk acute pulmonary embolism(APE).Methods The clinical data of 53 patients with medium-to-high risk APE,who received interventional treatment at the Putian Municipal First Hospital of China From January 2021 to December 2023,were retrospectively analyzed.The PAD,PAD/AOD,RVD,and RVD/LVD were measured on CTPA cross-sectional images.The correlations of the above indexes with CT embolism index(CTEI),N terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP),and cardiac troponin Ⅰ(cTnⅠ)were analyzed.Results A weak-moderate positive correlation existed between PAD,RVD,RVD/LVD and CTEI(r=0.506,r=0.310,r=0.452 respectively,P＜0.001,P=0.024,P=0.001 respectively),while no correlation existed between PAD/AOD and CTEI(r=0.247,P=0.075).Compared with the NT-proBNP negative group,in the NT-proBNP positive group the values of PAD,PAD/AOD and RVD/LVD were higher(all P＜0.05),and there was no statistically significant difference in RVD value between the two groups(P＞0.05).A weak-moderate positive correlation existed between NT-proBNP and PAD,PAD/AOD,RVD,RVD/LVD(r=0.454,r=0.326,r=0.302,r=0.405 respectively,P=0.001,P=0.017,P=0.028,P=0.003 respectively).There were no statistically significant differences in PAD,PAD/AOD,RVD and RVD/LVD values between the cTnⅠ negative group and the cTnI positive group(all P＞0.05).No correlation existed between cTnⅠ and PAD,PAD/AOD,RVD,RVD/LVD(r=0.188,r=0.042,r=-0.021,r=0.139 respectively,and P=0.195,P=0.772,P=0.884,P=0.342 respectively).Conclusion CTPA cross-sectional quantitative indicators are helpful in evaluating the embolism degree of APE and right heart function,but it cannot be used to assess myocardial injury.

In this research， a comprehensive examination of historical materia medica， medical literature， medical books and contemporary literature was conducted to systematically compile and verify the naming， origin， geographical variations， quality， medicinal properties and processing of Tremolitum， and combined with the physical analysis of 15 batches of samples， with a view to providing a basis for the quality evaluation. The evidences unequivocally support Yangqishi as the rectification of name， while alternative aliases include Baishi， Shisheng， Yangjushi and Yangshi. The primary source of Tremolitum has been the silicate hornblende mineral tremolite throughout recorded history， and its accompanied minerals are mainly chlorite， talc schist， anthophyllite asbestos， etc. In ancient times， the main production area of Tremolitum was situated in the "Yaoshan Mountain" region of Jinan， Shandong province. Presently， it is primarily produced in Hubei， Henan， Shanxi， Hebei and Shandong provinces. The ancient quality evaluation of Tremolitum includes "white color"， "wolf teeth"， "cloud head and rain foot"， "heron hair"， etc. While， modern materia medica mostly evaluates its quality in terms of color， luster and texture， including the characteristics of needle bundle， grayish-white， glossy and easy to be twisted and crushed. Tremolitum is slightly warm， non-toxic， and possesses a salty taste. It is associated with the kidney meridian， known for its benefits in nourishing the fire of the gate of life， warming the kidneys and strengthening the Yang. Common processing methods include fire calcination， elutriation， and processing with wine. Additionally， there is an exclusive processing method known as the "ascending Tremolitum method". Through the X-ray diffraction（XRD） analysis， the commercially available Tremolitum is mainly composed of tremolite［Ca₂Mg₅（Si₄O₁₁）₂（OH）₂］， and the accompanied minerals are calcite and quartz， etc. Its color includes white， light gray， light green and so on， and it is weight and soft texture， irregular cross-section， with obvious fibrous texture and mostly glassy luster. Among the commercially available Tremolitum， samples with high content of tremolite are characterized by high quality features， such as "white color"， "heron hair" and "ease of tearing". Also， Tremolitum is the Fe-bearing heterogeneous species of tremolite， and the two are often symbiotic. Therefore， by the herbal textual research and the comparison of the properties and composition of Tremolitum and its similar species， it has been verified that the primary source of Tremolitum is the silicate hornblende minerals tremolite and actinolite.

Aiming to provide the foundation for the quality evaluation， in this paper， a comprehensive examination of historical materia medica， medical books and modern literature was conducted to systematically compile and verify the naming， origin and quality of Stalactitum， combined with the phase analysis of 20 batches of samples. The investigation indicates that before the Qing dynasty， Stalactitum was often referred to as Shizhongru， and there are other aliases such as Xuzhong， Xiashi and Huangshisha. In addition， there are some homologous mixed names such as Konggongnie， Yinnie， Ruchuang， Ruhua， but Zhongrushi is more commonly used. The descriptions of Stalactitum in ancient materia medica align with modern carbonate mineral calcite， slightly conical or cylindrical in shape， mostly white， grey and yellow in colour， often with a hole in the centre， and has a calcium carbonate content of 95% or more. Historical quality assessments include phrases such as gooseneck tube， cicada wing， bright and white， and brightness， the gloss is the most crucial feature. Modern evaluations encompass features like white color， hollow interior， brightness， multiple layers of patterns， and cross-sectional mask spark-like luminosity. Under the scanning electron microscope， Stalactitum showed obvious layered characteristics and uniform particle size， while the OS Balanophylliae was irregular. By comparing the characteristics and micro-features of Stalactitum from different batches， along with X-ray diffraction（XRD） and determination of calcium carbonate， the phase composition of different batches of Stalactitum was roughly similar， all of them were dominated by calcite， with magnesium calcite as an additional ingredient， the content of CaCO₃ was relatively higher for those with brightness and a lot of spark-like luminosity， which were key features of its quality evaluation， the white color could be used as a quality reference， and layered patterns and papillary bulge could be used as a medicinal material identification feature， which were basically consistent with the results of herbal textual research. This study can provide a reference for the quality evaluation of mineral medicines， and can better guide their clinical use and rational utilization of resources.

Objective To provide reference for the subsequent clinical application of WBV,based on the impacts of whole body vibration(WBV)with different frequencies on gross motor function and walking function in children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy.Methods 60 children aged 6～12 with dyskinetic cerebral palsy,who had been treated at the department of rehabilitation medicine in the Affiliated Southwest Medical University from October 2021 to November 2022,were selected.They were randomly divided into a control group(n = 20),(25±5)Hz group(n = 20),and(35±5)Hz group(n = 20).All the three groups received conventional rehabilitation,while the(25±5)Hz group received additional WBV with(25±5)Hz and the(35±5)Hz group received WBV with(35±5)Hz.They were treated for eight weeks.The scores on D and E domains of GMFM-88,TUGT,the score on Berg Balance Scale,and footprint analysis were used for assessment of the efficacy after treatment.Results As compared with the baselines,the scores were improved in the three groups after treatment(P＜0.001).BBS(F = 12.502),TUGT(F = 8.211),scores on D and E domains of GMFM-88(F = 12.802 and 8.505),stride length(F = 12.279),1MWT distance(F = 12.619),and step width(F = 13.582)were better in the(35±5)Hz group than in the(25±5)Hz group and the control group(P＜0.05 and P＜0.01);and the efficacy was better in the(25±5)Hz group than in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05 and P＜0.01).Conclusion WBV can improve trunk control,lower limb gross motor function,and walking function in children with involuntary motor type cerebral palsy.(35±5)Hz is better than(25±5)Hz for the efficacy of WBV.

Objective To investigate the genetic causes of auditory neuropathy with optic atrophy in a family.Methods The proband's medical history and family history were inquired in detail,and relevant clinical examina-tions were performed to confirm the diagnosis of auditory neuropathy with optic atrophy,and the genetic pedigree of the family was drawn.Peripheral blood of proband(Ⅲ-7)was collected for whole exome sequencing,and the patho-genicity of the detected mutations were interpreted.Blood samples of proband's wife(Ⅲ-8),eldest daughter(Ⅳ-7),second daughter(Ⅳ-9)and son(Ⅳ-10)were tested for mutation sites by Sanger sequencing.Combined with clinical manifestations and examination results,the family was studied.Results The genetic pattern of this family was autosomal dominant.The proband showed decreased visual acuity at the age of 19,bilateral sensorineural deaf-ness at the age of 30,and decreased speech recognition rate.Among 20 members of the family of 5 generations,10(2 deceased)showed similar symptoms of hearing and visual impairment.Proband(Ⅲ-7),eldest daughter(Ⅳ-7)and son(Ⅳ-10)underwent relevant examination.Pure tone audiometry showed bilateral sensorineural deafness.ABR showed no response bilaterally.The 40 Hz AERP showed no response in both ears.OAE showed responses in some or all of the frequencies.No stapedial reflex was detected.The eye movement of Ⅲ-7 and Ⅳ-10 were reasona-ble in all directions,and color vision was normal.Ocular papilla atrophy was observed in different degrees in fundus examination.OCT showed thinning of optic disc nerve fibers in both eyes,and visual evoked potential showed pro-longed P100 wave peak.They were diagnosed as hereditary auditory neuropathy with optic atrophy.A mutation of the OPA1 gene c.1334G＞A(p.Arg445His,NM_015560.2)at a pathogenic locus on chromosome 3 was detected by whole exon detection in Ⅲ-7.The results of generation sequencing analysis showed that the OPA1 gene c.1334G＞A(p.Arg445His,NM_015560.2)mutation of chromosome 3 was also found in Ⅳ-7 and Ⅳ-10.Meanwhile,the gen-otypes of Ⅲ-8 and Ⅳ-9 were wild homozygous,that is,no mutation occurred.Conclusion The OPA1 c.1334G＞A(p.Arg445His,NM_015560.2)mutation site might be the pathogenic mutation in this family.