Objective:To compare the etiological characteristics between influenza-like illness (ILI) cases in outpatient and emergency departments and those with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in Guangdong Province, hoping to provide scientific evidence for the treatment, prevention, and control of respiratory infectious diseases.Methods:Laboratory testing for multiple respiratory pathogens was conducted on 6 090 specimens collected from ILI and SARI cases in Guangdong Province from August to December 2023. Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences in positive rates. Results:The overall positive rate of respiratory pathogens was 49.5% (3 016/6 090). The positive rate was 54.5% (2 260/4 145) in ILI cases and 38.9% (756/1 945) in SARI cases. The overall positive rate was higher in ILI cases than in SARI cases across all genders and age groups, and in most cities of the province, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). No significant difference was found in the overall positive rate between different genders. However, the difference between different age groups was statistically significant( P<0.001), with the highest rate identified in children aged 5-14 years (57.2%, 957/1 673). The main pathogens detected in ILI cases were influenza virus, human rhinovirus/enterovirus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, while in SARI cases they were Mycoplasma pneumoniae, human rhinovirus/enterovirus, and influenza virus. The positive rates of adenovirus, human parainfluenza virus, SARS-CoV-2, human coronavirus, influenza virus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae were significantly higher in ILI cases than in SARI cases, while the positive rate of Mycoplasma pneumoniae was significantly higher in SARI cases ( P<0.05). Moreover, ILI cases were characterized by a higher risk of coinfection compared with SARI cases, especially in males or those aged 25-59 years. Conclusions:There are differences in the detection rates and spectrum of respiratory pathogens between ILI and SARI cases in Guangdong Province. Case features should be considered when developing strategies for preventing and treating respiratory infections.

Osteoporosis is a systemic disease characterized by imbalanced bone metabolism and destruction of bone microstructure, with reduced bone density, decreased bone quality, and significantly increased risk of fracture as its hallmarks. At present, osteoporosis is primarily diagnosed through bone density measurement. However, this method has low sensitivity and is challenging for the early diagnosis of osteoporosis. We analyzed osteoporosis-related metabolomics studies based on blood, urine, and fecal samples, as well as the application of multi-omics approaches in elucidating its pathogenesis. Evidence suggests that metabolomics can detect metabolic alterations prior to measurable changes in bone mineral density, offering promising avenues for early osteoporosis detection. Blood-based metabolomics studies indicate that amino acid metabolism dysregulation is a key feature of osteoporosis. Specifically, glycine, glutamine, lysine, and hydroxyproline exhibit negative correlations with bone mineral density, whereas tryptophan, branched-chain amino acids, and arginine show positive associations. Lipid metabolism disturbances are characterized by increased levels of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and triglycerides, alongside decreased levels of sphingomyelin and carnitine. Fecal metabolomics studies highlight the significance of the "gut-bone axis" in osteoporosis, where gut microbiota dysbiosis influences bone metabolism through modulation of arginine and proline metabolism and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathways. Multi-omics approaches integrate metabolomics, genomics, proteomics, and other omics data to provide a more comprehensive understanding of osteoporosis' molecular mechanisms, enabling the identification of key biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Metabolomics holds considerable potential for early diagnosis, while multi-omics integration offers novel insights into the complex pathophysiological mechanisms underlying osteoporosis. As detection technologies and analytical methods continue to advance, omics-based strategies are expected to play a pivotal role in the development of precision medicine for osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis is a systemic disease characterized by imbalanced bone metabolism and destruction of bone microstructure, with reduced bone density, decreased bone quality, and significantly increased risk of fracture as its hallmarks. At present, osteoporosis is primarily diagnosed through bone density measurement. However, this method has low sensitivity and is challenging for the early diagnosis of osteoporosis. We analyzed osteoporosis-related metabolomics studies based on blood, urine, and fecal samples, as well as the application of multi-omics approaches in elucidating its pathogenesis. Evidence suggests that metabolomics can detect metabolic alterations prior to measurable changes in bone mineral density, offering promising avenues for early osteoporosis detection. Blood-based metabolomics studies indicate that amino acid metabolism dysregulation is a key feature of osteoporosis. Specifically, glycine, glutamine, lysine, and hydroxyproline exhibit negative correlations with bone mineral density, whereas tryptophan, branched-chain amino acids, and arginine show positive associations. Lipid metabolism disturbances are characterized by increased levels of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and triglycerides, alongside decreased levels of sphingomyelin and carnitine. Fecal metabolomics studies highlight the significance of the "gut-bone axis" in osteoporosis, where gut microbiota dysbiosis influences bone metabolism through modulation of arginine and proline metabolism and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathways. Multi-omics approaches integrate metabolomics, genomics, proteomics, and other omics data to provide a more comprehensive understanding of osteoporosis' molecular mechanisms, enabling the identification of key biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Metabolomics holds considerable potential for early diagnosis, while multi-omics integration offers novel insights into the complex pathophysiological mechanisms underlying osteoporosis. As detection technologies and analytical methods continue to advance, omics-based strategies are expected to play a pivotal role in the development of precision medicine for osteoporosis.

Objective:To compare the etiological characteristics between influenza-like illness (ILI) cases in outpatient and emergency departments and those with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in Guangdong Province, hoping to provide scientific evidence for the treatment, prevention, and control of respiratory infectious diseases.Methods:Laboratory testing for multiple respiratory pathogens was conducted on 6 090 specimens collected from ILI and SARI cases in Guangdong Province from August to December 2023. Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences in positive rates. Results:The overall positive rate of respiratory pathogens was 49.5% (3 016/6 090). The positive rate was 54.5% (2 260/4 145) in ILI cases and 38.9% (756/1 945) in SARI cases. The overall positive rate was higher in ILI cases than in SARI cases across all genders and age groups, and in most cities of the province, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). No significant difference was found in the overall positive rate between different genders. However, the difference between different age groups was statistically significant( P<0.001), with the highest rate identified in children aged 5-14 years (57.2%, 957/1 673). The main pathogens detected in ILI cases were influenza virus, human rhinovirus/enterovirus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, while in SARI cases they were Mycoplasma pneumoniae, human rhinovirus/enterovirus, and influenza virus. The positive rates of adenovirus, human parainfluenza virus, SARS-CoV-2, human coronavirus, influenza virus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae were significantly higher in ILI cases than in SARI cases, while the positive rate of Mycoplasma pneumoniae was significantly higher in SARI cases ( P<0.05). Moreover, ILI cases were characterized by a higher risk of coinfection compared with SARI cases, especially in males or those aged 25-59 years. Conclusions:There are differences in the detection rates and spectrum of respiratory pathogens between ILI and SARI cases in Guangdong Province. Case features should be considered when developing strategies for preventing and treating respiratory infections.

BACKGROUND:Adjustable piezoelectric effect can promote tissue regeneration and repair.Piezoelectric materials are widely used in weight-bearing tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE:To prepare a piezoelectric film material that can promote bone regeneration,and to explore its structural characterization,electrical output performance,biocompatibility,and effect of electrical output on osteogenic differentiation of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS:Using poly-3-hydroxybutyrateco/4-hydroxybutyrate(P34HB)as raw material,barium calcium stannate titanate powder(Ba0.94Ca0.06Sn0.08Ti0.92O3,BCST)was added according to mass ratios of 0%,5%,10%,15%,and 20%.Dichloromethane was added to solve P34HB,and the thickness of 150-200 μm BCST/P34HB piezoelectric film was prepared by vacuum drying method.After polarization in the oil bath,the surface morphology,crystal phase composition,piezoelectric coefficient and open circuit voltage were tested.The effect of BCST/P34HB electrical output at 110 Hz and 0.25 N force on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was tested. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,water contact angle,piezoelectric coefficient and electrical output performance tests showed that when the mass ratio of BCST increased to 20%,the BCST/P34HB piezoelectric film had good piezoelectric properties(d33=5.9 pC/N)and electrical output performance(180 mV),which was closer to the suitable range of 500 mV for electrical stimulation.(2)Live and dead staining showed that on the first day of co-culture,15%group and 20%group showed less red fluorescence.On the 5th day of culture,the number of green fluorescence in each group was significantly higher than that on the first day,and the red fluorescence was not observed in the 10%,15%and 20%groups,and only a small amount of red fluorescence was observed in the 0%and 5%groups.(3)On the 1st,3rd and 5th days of co-culture with rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,Almar blue staining exhibited that the number of cells in each group showed an increasing trend with the increase of time.On the 5th day of culture,the number of cells in the 20%group was significantly more than that in the 0%group(P<0.05).(4)On day 10 of osteogenic induction,alkaline phosphatase staining results showed that the positive rate of the 20%group was significantly higher than that of the 0%group(P=0.000 1).On day 21,alizarin red staining and quantitative analysis of calcium nodules showed a similar trend to alkaline phosphatase staining.Compared with the 0%group,the 15%group and 20%group showed significant differences(P<0.01,P<0.000 1).(5)The results showed that 20%BCST/P34HB films had good piezoelectric properties,electrical output properties,biocompatibility and the ability of promoting osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

Objective To establish the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)chromatographic fingerprint of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix;To determine the contents of ferulic acid,nodakenin,ammijin,notopterol,isoimperatorin and volatile oil of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix from different producing areas;To provide reference for quality evaluation of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix.Methods Waters BEH C18 chromatographic column(2.1 mm×150 mm,1.7 μm)was used,with mobile phase acetonitrile-0.02%formic acid aqueous solution gradient elution,flow rate 0.25 mL/min,column temperature 25℃,detection wavelength 330 nm,injection volume 2 μL.UPLC fingerprints of 25 batches of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix were established,and the similarity analysis and chemometrics analysis were carried out.The contents of ferulic acid,nodakenin,ammijin,notopterol and isoimperatorin were determined simultaneously,and the contents of volatile oil was determined by steam distillation method.Results Totally 23 common fingerprint peaks were calibrated,11 known components were identified.According to the results of the cluster analysis and principal component analysis,25 batches of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix samples were divided into 3 categories,and the 6 potential differential components were screened out by orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA).The results showed that the contents of notopterol and volatile oil from Sichuan Province were higher than those from Gansu Province and Qinghai Province.Conclusion The method established in the study is accurate and reliable,which can provide scientific basis and reference for the quality evaluation and control of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix.

Objective To apply Nutritional Risk Screening-2002(NRS-2002) to perform primary screening for nutritional risk in patients with esophageal cancer who undergo radiotherapy, and assess their nutritional status, and to investigate the value of NRS-2002 in such patients.Methods A total of 97 patients who were diagnosed with esophageal cancer and underwent radiotherapy in Zhejiang Cancer Hospital from January 2010 to April 2014 were analyzed retrospectively.The Kaplan-Meier method was applied to analyze the difference in survival, and the chi-square test and the Pearson correlation analysis were applied to analyze the correlation between NRS-2002 score and blood parameters.Results Of all patients, 26.8%had nutritional risk before radiotherapy, which gradually increased with the progress of radiotherapy.The 1-year overall survival rates of the patients with NRS-2002scores of ≤3 and ≥4 on admission were 91.1%and 61.9%, respectively (P=0.010).As for the patients with the highest NRS-2002 scores of ≤2 and ≥3 during treatment, the 1-year overall survival rates were 94.2% and 77.5%, respectively (P=0.012).As for the patients with the lowest NRS-2002 scores of ≤3 and ≥4 during treatment, the 1-year overall survival rates were 91.3% and 54.5%, respectively ( P=0.018).The NRS-2002 score was correlated with prealbumin on admission and at week 1 of radiotherapy (P=0.000 and 0.002), and the NRS-2002 score was correlated with albumin at week 3 of radiotherapy (P=0.036).The multivariate analysis showed that the TNM stage of esophageal cancer and the highest NRS-2002 score during treatment were the independent prognostic factors in esophageal cancer (P=0.001 and 0.005).Conclusions The patients with esophageal cancer undergoing radiotherapy have high nutritional risk, and NRS-2002 score is the independent prognostic factor in these patients and can be used as a tool for primary screening for nutritional risk.

Objective To confirm whether or not let-7b and miR-199a were significantly associated with malignant melanoma growth and proliferation. Methods An over -expression plasmid and an inhibitor, which targeted on let-7b and miR-199a, was constructed. B16F10 cells were divided into seven groups: control group, let-7b plasmid group, miR-199a plasmid group, empty plasmid group, let-7b inhibitor group, miR-199a inhibitor group, inhibitor control group. Foreign gene was transfected into B16F10 cells, let-7b and miR-199a expression were validated from RNA level, protein level and cell level. Results The relative let-7b or miR-199a gene expression of the let-7b plasmid group (3.8776±0.1372)and miR-199a plasmid group (2.8660±0.2821)were significantly higher than control group (P＜0.05), the relative let-7b or miR-199a gene expression of the let-7b inhibitor group (0.2057±0.0263) and miR-199a inhibitor group(0.2656±0.0253) were significantly lower than control group(P＜0.05). The cyclinD1 expression of the let-7b plasmid group(2.023±0.315) and let-7b inhibitor group (1.857±0.377) were significantly higher than control group (0.997±0.041) (P＜0.05), whereas, the Met expression of themiR-199a plasmid group (5.19±0.309) and miR-199a inhibitor group (4.87±0.044) were significantly higher than control group (2.2±0.198) (P＜0.05). The let-7b plasmid group and miR-199a plasmid group B16F10 cell growth rate were slower than control group, especially on the third day after transfection, the growth rate gradually dropped to the lowest value (P＜0.05). In addition, the apoptosis rates of the let-7b plasmid group and miR-199a plasmid group reach to (11.8±1.19)% and (11.3±1.59)%,which were significantly higher than control group (P＜0.05). Conclusions let-7b and miR-199a may be a negative regulator on the B16F10 cell growth and proliferation.

The effects of DHAA-urea,a novel dehydroabietylamine(DHAA) derivatives,on cell viability and glucose metabolism,in hypoxia and normoxia human hepatoma HepG2 cells were investigated.Hypoxia cells were achieved using DMEM containing high concentration of glucose without serum and pre-incubating of CoCl_2 (final concentration 150 μmol/L) for 24 h.The antiproliferation effect of DHAA-urea was measured by colorimetric MTT assay.The cellular ATP concentration,the lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydro genase (G6PD) activity were detected by their kits.It was shown that DHAA-urea markedly inhibited cell viability,cellular ATP level,LDH and G6PD activity in either aerobic or anaerobic circumstance in a dose-and time dependent manner.This suggested that DHAA-urea possibly inhibited HepG2 cells growth via the inhibition of glucolysis and glucolysis-dependent ATP depletion.DHAA-urea could be a promising candidate in the development of a novel class of agents used for human hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective To validate genetic suppression of metastastic capability of highly metastastic melanoma cells by endostatin transfection.Method pcDNA3.1-Endo eukaryotic expression vector contained insulin signal peptide sequence was transfected into highly metastatic mice melanoma cell strain B 16.The expression of endostain was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot experiment,melanoma cells were determined with adhere experiment,in vitro invasion and migration experiment and pulmonary metastasis experiment on C57BL/6 mice.Result Endostatin can obviously inhibit the capability of adherence,in vitro invasion and migration and pulmonary metastasis of melanoma cells.Among them,adhere inhibition ratio was 67.3%,in vitro invasion inhibition ratio was 48.4%,cell migration inhibition ratiowas 52.1%and pulmonary metastasis inhibition ratio was 67.3%.Conclusion Endostatin transfection can obviously inhibit the highly metastatie capability of melanoma cells.