The ideal characteristics of herbs can be summarized as a high content of secondary metabolites, high stress resistance, desirable shape, and high yield. In this study, 2 strategies are proposed for decoding the biogenesis and quality formation mechanisms of active ingredients and targets for genetic breeding of yield and resistance in traditional Chinese medicine. First, multiomics can be applied in decoding the synthesis pathways of secondary metabolites and the mechanisms underlying the formation of desirable traits. Second, the identification of molecular markers and target genes associated with desirable traits in ideal herbs can be achieved through Genome-Wide Association Studies. Ideal herbs are further designed through genomic selection and gene editing technologies. These strategies will provide references for the investigation of herb breeding.

Objective To establish HPLC determination method and impurity profile of the related substances in metronidazole.Methods A Welch Ultimate(R)XB-C1s (4.6 mm× 250 mm,5 μm)was used with a mobile phase consisting of methanol-1.36 g· L-1 solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (20∶ 80).The detection wavelength was 315 nm and the flow rate was 1 mL· min-1.Its related substances were determined by principal component self-contrast method.Results Good separation of metronidazole and the impurities could be achieved.Twenty batches of samples in the past six years were determined which meet quality standards.The study of impurity profiles could effectively monitor the synthetic process and the change of impurities in metronidazole.Conclusion The method is simple,quick and sensitive,which can be used to control the related substances in metronidazole.Meanwhile,the impurity profiles ensure the quality stability of metronidazole.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of resuscitation with different kinds of colloids on oxygen metabolism of swine during shock stage of burn injury.

METHODSEighteen Guangxi Bama miniature swine were inflicted with 40% TBSA full-thickness burn on the back. And then they were divided into succinylated gelatin group (S) , hydroxyethyl starch group (H), and allogeneic plasma group (A) according to the random number table, with 6 swine in each group. The fluid resuscitation was begun at post injury hour (PIH) 2. The colloids used in groups S, H, and A were respectively succinylated gelatin, 60 g/L hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4, and allogeneic plasma. The blood pressure, urine volume, heart rate, and central venous pressure (CVP) were recorded before injury and at the first and second PIH 24. The volume of resuscitation fluid was recorded at the first and second PIH 24. The changes in oxygen delivery., oxygen consumption, oxygen extraction ratio and D-lactate were determined and calculated before injury and at PIH 4, 8, 24, and 48. Data were processed with analysis of variance of repeated measurement, one-way analysis of variance and LSD test.

RESULTSThere were no statistically significant differences among the three groups in blood pressure, urine volume, heart rate, and CVP at each time point (with P values above 0. 05). There were no statistically significant differences in resuscitation fluid volume among the three groups at the first and second PIH 24 (with F values respectively 0. 239 and 2. 023, P values respectively 0. 790 and 0. 167). The oxygen consumption of swine in group S was (201 ± 38) L · min(-1) · m(-2) at PIH 48, which was significantly higher than that in group A [(150 ± 37) L · min(-1) · m(-2), P < 0.05], and the oxygen consumption was similar among the three groups at the rest time points (with P values above 0.05). The oxygen delivery of swine in group S was (484 ± 63) L · min(-1) · m(-2) at PIH 8, and it was significantly lower than that in group A [(652 ± 65) L(-1) min(-1) · m(-2), P < 0.01]. The oxygen delivery of swine in group S reached (903 ± 132) and (1,028 ± 98) L · min(-1) · m(-2) at PIH 24 and 48, respectively, and they were significantly higher than those in group A [(686 ± 72) and (720 ± 75) L · min(-1) · M(-2), with P values below 0.01]. Oxygen delivery in group H was similar to that of group A at each time point (with P values above 0.05). The oxygen extraction ratio in group S or group H was close to that of group A at each time point (with P values above 0.05). The D-lactate level in group S was (69 ± 9) mmol/L, and it was significantly higher than that in group A [(52 ± 4) mmol/L, P < 0.01] at PIH 48. The D-lactate level was similar among the three groups at the rest time points (with P values above 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSAccording to the changes in oxygen metabolism of swine during shock stage of burn injury resuscitated with different kinds of colloids, it is found that allogeneic plasma is better than artificial colloid, and 60 g/L hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 is superior to succinylated gelatin.

Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Burns ; China ; Colloids ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Fluid Therapy ; Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; Resuscitation ; methods ; Shock ; Swine

Objective To observe the changes of blood sugar following use of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in patients with severe burn. Methods A total of 140 patients with severe burn but with no history of diabetes were randomly and equally divided into Group A ( 18-44 years old) and Group B ( ≥45 years old) according to WHO criteria. Then, two groups were randomly divided Group B0 (treated with normal saline), 35 patients per group. Change of blood sugar and amount of insuline for control of blood sugar were observed and analyzed. Results Of 140 patients in four groups,128 patients accomplished the test, with no statistical difference upon general conditions between groups (P ＞0.05 ). Within four weeks after test, the amount of insuline used for control of blood sugar was (2908.0 ± 153.5) IU and (724.1 ± 31.1 ) IU respectively in Groups A1 and A0, (3725.9 ± 88.4) IU and (801.8 ±22.2) IU respectively in Groups B1 and BO. The results showed that the patients needing insulin to control blood sugar in Group B were more than that in Group A ( P ＜ 0.01 ). The time for blood sugar recovering to normal range in patients with high blood sugar with no use of rhGH in Group A1 and Group B1 was (5.21 ±0.64) d and (5.03 ± 1.01) d respectively (P＞0.05). Conclusions The blood sugar of patients with severe burn will rise after use of rhGH. The age of the patients is positively correlated with changes of blood sugar. Standard use of rhGH does not induce diabetes.

Objective To observe the infection prevention, wound healing effect and safety of nanometer silver in treatment of Ⅱ degree burn wound. Methods The patients with 6%-10% TBSA Ⅱ degree burn wound ( deep or superficial) were randomly divided into test group ( treated with nanome-ter silver, n =35) and control group (treated with 1% sulfadiazine silver, n =35). Each group was reg-ulated to change dressing and medication one time a day for seven days on 5% superficial Ⅱ degree burn wound. Then, 1% iodophors and gauze were used for change dressing. Before and after change dressing, bacterial culture was done in two groups to observe the time for wound healing. The blood collected before change dressing and at days 1,7 and 14 after change dressing and urine within 24 hours were employed for detecting serum silver level and mean silver level in urine by using inductively coupled plasma mass-spec-trum ( thermoelectricity of American Ⅹ Series Ⅱ ). In the meantime, the liver and renal function was e-valuated at days 7 and 14. Results Positive rate of bacterial culture in test group and control group was 3% and 3.1% respectively after treatment, which showed a decrease compared with the levels before treatment (12. 1% and 15.6% respectively), with no statistical difference. The wound healing time of test group was (9. 18 ± 1.9) days, which was shorter than ( 12.9 ± 1.3 ) days in control group, with sta-tistical difference (P<0.01). Before treatment, the silver level of blood was ( 1.55 ± 1.26) μL and ( 1.54 ± 1.28 ) μg/L respectively in test group and control group, and silver level of urine within 24 hours was ( 1.67 ± 1.05 ) μg and ( 1.87 ± 1.37) μg respectively test group and control group, with no statistical difference (P > 0. 05 ). Silver medication could elevate the serum silver level ( P < 0.01 ), with lower level in test group than control group (P <0. 01 ). Average silver level of urine within 24 hours showed similar change with that in the serum. The patients showed normal renal function, with no abnormal change of ALT. Conclusions For Ⅱ degree burn wound, nanometer silver can more significantly short-en wound healing time compared with sulfadiazine silver. Moreover, nanometer silver has higher degree of safety on silve metabolism and is an ideal medcation for burn wound.