Accommodative dysfunction, particularly accommodative lag, acts as a core hub connecting near work activity to myopic axial elongation. This review thoroughly explores the multidimensional biological mechanisms by which accommodative function drives axial growth. In addition to the classic pathway where hyperopic defocus signals induce retinal-choroidal-scleral biochemical remodeling, two other mechanisms are highlighted: a biomechanical pathway involving direct mechanical traction on the equatorial sclera caused by sustained ciliary muscle contraction, and a neural pathway where abnormal accommodative micro fluctuations degrade retinal image quality, thereby triggering abnormal ocular growth. Based on these comprehensive mechanisms, this paper systematically analyzes the principles of pharmacological(atropine), optical(orthokeratology, defocus lenses), and vision therapy interventions. Myopia progression results from the integrated regulation of optical defocus, mechanical stress, and neural dynamics. Future myopia control should advance toward precise, personalized combination strategies tailored to individual accommodative and genetic profiles.

This article reports the diagnosis and treatment process of a case with secondary infective femoral artery pseudoaneurysm after intervention surgery for cerebral infarction,who improved after anti-infection and surgical treatment and was discharged.The patient was a 52-year-old female who underwent percutaneous balloon dilatation of basilar artery due to basilar artery stenosis.After surgery,she developed secondary methicillin-resistant Staphy-lococcus aureus(MRSA)bloodstream infection and infective femoral artery pseudoaneurysm.After treatment with vancomycin and linezolid,femoral artery pseudoaneurysm resection,and autovascular replacement,the patient re-covered well after the surgery and discharged from hospital.CT angiography(CTA)re-examination showed artifi-cial blood vessel patency.This study is expected to provide experience for the diagnosis and treatment of such pa-tients in clinical work.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the early clinical efficacy and safety of trans-catheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for patients with severe pure native aortic regurgitation (PNAR) who are not suitable for conventional surgical aortic valve replace-ment. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 48 patients with PNAR who underwent TAVR at the Department of Cardiac Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between March 2019 and February 2025. These included 25 cases with transfemoral approach (TF-TAVR group) and 23 cases with transapical approach (TA-TAVR group). Efficacy and safety were assessed by analyzing baseline characteristics, all-cause mortality, and procedure-related complications. RESULTS: Compared with the TA-TAVR group, the TF-TAVR group exhibited significantly smaller aortic annulus circumference and diameter, left ventricular outflow tract circumference and diameter, diameters of the left, right, and non-coronary sinuses, and sinotubular junction (STJ) diameter, along with a shorter distance from the STJ to the aortic annular plane ring plane, a smaller annulus angle (all P<0.05). Additionally, the TF-TAVR group showed a deeper prosthesis implantation depth relative to the aortic annular plane (P<0.01). The overall technical success rate was 91.67%, and the device success rate was 83.33%. Post-TAVR, both groups demonstrated significant improvement in left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (both P<0.05), while only the TA-TAVR group showed significant reduction in left ventricular end-systolic diameter (P<0.05). For primary outcomes, in-hospital mortality occurred in 2 patients (4.17%). No additional deaths were reported at 60 or 90 d after surgery. During 90-180 d after surgery, one patient in the TF-TAVR group died of sudden cardiac death, and one in the TA-TAVR group died of gastroin-testinal bleeding. During 180 d-1 year after surgery, one patient in the TF-TAVR group died of low cardiac output syndrome. No statistically significant differences were observed in 1-year Kaplan-Meier survival curves between the two groups (P>0.05). No conduction block events occurred in TA-TAVR group during hospitalization or 1-year follow-up, while high-grade atrioventricular block, left bundle branch block, permanent pacemaker implantation occurred in TF-TAVR group during hospitalization (12.00%, 4.00%, and 12.00%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS TAVR demonstrates high feasibility and acceptable safety for severe PNAR patients who are not suitable for conventional SAVR. Both TF-TAVR and TA-TAVR show comparable early postoperative efficacy and safety profiles.
Humans ; Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement/adverse effects* ; Aortic Valve Insufficiency/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Aortic Valve/surgery* ; Aged, 80 and over ; Heart Valve Prosthesis

This article reports the diagnosis and treatment process of a case with secondary infective femoral artery pseudoaneurysm after intervention surgery for cerebral infarction,who improved after anti-infection and surgical treatment and was discharged.The patient was a 52-year-old female who underwent percutaneous balloon dilatation of basilar artery due to basilar artery stenosis.After surgery,she developed secondary methicillin-resistant Staphy-lococcus aureus(MRSA)bloodstream infection and infective femoral artery pseudoaneurysm.After treatment with vancomycin and linezolid,femoral artery pseudoaneurysm resection,and autovascular replacement,the patient re-covered well after the surgery and discharged from hospital.CT angiography(CTA)re-examination showed artifi-cial blood vessel patency.This study is expected to provide experience for the diagnosis and treatment of such pa-tients in clinical work.

Objective To investigate the effect of 100 kVp low tube voltage combined with adaptive statistical iterative reconstruc-tion-Veo(ASIR-V)on the imaging display,image quality and radiation dose of Adamkiewicz artery(AKA).Methods Ninety patients with computed tomography angiography(CTA)of aorta were randomly divided into two groups.In group A,the tube voltage was 100 kVp,and ASIR-V was 80%reconstructed.The tube voltage in group B was 120 kVp,and adaptive statistical iterative recon-struction(ASIR)was 40%reconstructed.The CT value and the standard deviation(SD)value of descending aorta were measured at the 12th thoracic vertebra level,and the CT value and the SD value of the spinal cord were measured at the same level to calculate the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)of AKA.According to the continuity between AKA and intercostal artery or lumbar artery,the visualization of AKA was evaluated by two doctors with a double-blinded method and a five-point method,and the radiation doses of group A and group B were compared.Results Compared with group B,the CT value of aorta in group A was sig-nificantly increased by about 22.83%(P<0.001).The background noise of AKA in group A was significantly lower than that in group B(P<0.001),and the SNR and CNR were significantly higher than those in group B(P<0.001).The visualization score of AKA in group A was higher than that in group B(P<0.05).The effective dose(ED)in group A was significantly lower than that in group B by about 41.28%(P<0.001).Conclusion 100 kVp combined with ASIR-V technique for spinal cord AKA imaging can obtain better image quality,improve the sensitivity of AKA display and reduce the radiation dose.

BACKGROUND:At present,there is still controversy in clinical practice about the choice of internal fixation of Pauwels type Ⅲ femoral neck fracture,and the selection of internal fixation that provides stable fixation strength is the key basis for achieving Pauwels type Ⅲ fracture fixation. OBJECTIVE:The three-dimensional finite element analysis method was used to test the difference in biomechanical strength of three types of internal fixation in Pauwels type Ⅲ femoral neck fracture,which provided a reference for its clinical treatment. METHODS:Using the CT data of the left femur of a healthy male volunteer,a complete femur and its cancellous bone were reconstructed in Mimics software,and Geomagic studio software was used for reverse modeling.Cannulated compression screw,dynamic hip screw,and femoral neck system were created in UG-NX software.Three kinds of internal fixation models were assembled on the femur model,and Pauwels type Ⅲ femoral neck fracture was simulated by Hypermesh software.Finally,Abaqus software was used to carry out finite element experimental analysis to analyze and compare the stress distribution,stress peak,strain,and displacement distribution caused by fixed femoral neck fracture of different internal fixation systems. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The stress of the proximal femur bone mass was mainly distributed in the area below the femoral neck near the fracture end,with the highest stress peak in the dynamic hip screw group and the smallest in the femoral neck system group.(2)The stress distribution of the internal fixation device was mainly concentrated on the screw surface near the fracture line,with the highest stress peak in the femoral neck system group and the smallest in the dynamic hip screw group.(3)The main strain field of the proximal femur bone mass was distributed in the upper surface area where the bone and screw contacted,and the yield strain was the smallest in the femoral neck system group and the largest in the cannulated compression screw group.(4)The main strain field of the internal fixation device model was distributed on the upper surface of the femoral neck screw,with the yield strain being the smallest in the femoral neck system group and the largest in the cannulated compression screw group.(5)The displacement distribution values of femur,proximal bone mass,distal bone block,internal fixation device and internal fixation with the femur as a whole in the three femoral neck fracture internal fixation models decreased gradually from proximal to distal,and the peak displacement of the femoral neck system group was the largest and the lowest in the dynamic hip screw group.(6)The results showed that when the Pauwels type Ⅲ femoral neck fracture was fixed,the stress distribution of femoral neck system was more uniform,the mechanical conduction characteristics were better,and it was subjected to lower yield strain,higher stress and higher displacement.It has relatively better biomechanical stability and can provide a superior mechanical environment for fracture healing.

Objective To construct and validate an effective prognostic nomogram for the patients with incidental gallbladder cancer(IGBC).Methods The clinical data of 161 patients with IGBC requiring radical surgery admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from May 2011 to October 2022 was analyzed retrospectively.COX proportional risk regression model was used to screen for influencing factors on overall survival(OS)of IGBC.Nomogram was constructed based on independent influencing factors that affected the prognosis of IGBC patients.The concordance index(C-index)and calibration curve were used to validate the performance of the model.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis and decision curve analysis(DCA)were used to validate the predictive accuracy and net benefit of the plotted column chart.Results Univariate COX regression analysis suggested that age,T stage,N stage,M stage,preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),preoperative carbohydrate antigenl9-9(CA19-9),preoperative red blood cell volume distribution on width coefficient of variation(RDW-CV),treatment method,and recurrence and metastasis were risk factors which affected the long-term survival of IGBC patients after radical surgery.Multivariate COX regression analysis suggested that T stage,N stage,preoperative CA19-9,preoperative RDW-CV,preoperative AST,treatment methods,and recurrence and metastasis were independent risk factors which affected the prognosis of IGBC patients.The C-index of the constructed prognostic model was 0.872.The calibration plot demonstrated good performance of the Nomogram.ROC curve analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.869,confirming a high sensitivity and specificity.A high net benefit was proven by DCA.Conclusions The constructed Nomogram.can accurately and intuitively predict the survival probability of IGBC patients after radical surgery.

Pancreatic cancer has a very poor prognosis.Early diagnosis and treatment are especially critical for improving its prognosis.Nanotechnology has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.Relying on the unique physicochemical properties of nanoparticles and their rich surface modifications,effective enrichment of tumor sites can be achieved.Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles(MIONPs)is one of the commonly used nanomaterials in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer,and has good biocompatibility.Through special surface modification,it can be used in targeted diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.MIONPs can be used as a contrast agent for MRI,and by modifying the surface,they also can be used in targeted imaging of pancreatic cancer.And they can also be modified as a drug delivery system to achieve targeted delivery of drugs and improve therapeutic effects.However,the application of MIONPs in pancreatic cancer diagnosis and treatment still faces some challenges,such as nanotoxicity and cost issues.With the development of technology,MIONPs are expected to play an important role in the personalized diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Objective:To investigate the effect of copper chlorophyllin sodium salt(CHL)on the sensitivity of human pancreatic cancer cells in response to gemcitabine(GEM)therapy and on the therapeutic effect on pancreatic cancer cells that have developed GEM resistance.Methods:MIA GR(a pancreatic cancer cell line resistant to GEM)was induced by a low-dose continuous incremental method,and the half inhibitory concentration(IC50)of MIA WT and MIA GR to GEM treatment was detected by the CCK-8 method,and the resistance index was calculated;the difference in IC50 of CHL on the two types of cells was detected by the CCK-8 method after treating MIA WT and MIA GR cells with different concentrations of CHL,CCK-8 method was used to detect the difference in IC50 of CHL on the two types of cells;on the basis of IC50,MIA WT and MIA GR cells were intervened with CHL and(or)GEM with different multiplicity of IC50,respectively,and the growth inhibition curves of MIA WT and MIA GR cells were detected by the CCK-8 method under the intervention of CHL combined with GEM;After the intervention of MIA WT and MIA GR cells with CHL and(or)GEM at IC50,respectively,the effects on the proliferation of the two different cells were detected using the clone formation assay;the effects on cytotoxicity/activity were observed under fluorescence microscopy;and the effects on apoptosis were detected using flow cytometry.Finally,western blotting was used to detect the effects of CHL and(or)GEM interventions on the drug resistance-associated molecules P-glycoprotein(P-gp)and ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2(RRM2)in MIA GR cells,the and sensitivity-related molecule deoxycytidine kinase(DCK)on protein expression levels.Results:MIA GR cells were verified to be well drug resistant,with resistance indices of 549.1 and 667.9 after 48 h and 96 h after GEM intervention compared to homologous wild-type MIA WT cells,respectively;CHL intervention inhibited the proliferation of MIA GR cells more significantly compared to that of MIA WT cells;and CHL in combination with GEM exerted a more significant growth inhibitory effect compared to GEM alone in both MIA WT cells(P<0.001)and MIA GR cells(P<0.01).CHL significantly inhibited the tumor proliferation of MIA GR cells,and the inhibitory effect was more pronounced in both cells when combined with GEM(P<0.000 1);furthermore,compared to GEM alone,the intervention with CHL could cause more pronounced cytotoxicity(P<0.000 1)in both MIA WT and MIA GR cells.caused more pronounced cytotoxicity(P<0.000 1)and induced a higher percentage of apoptosis than GEM alone.The results of the western blotting assay showed that CHL intervention caused a decrease in the expression levels of P-gp and RRM2 proteins,as well as an increase in the protein expression level of DCK in MIA GR cells.Conclusion:CHL increases the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to GEM and also induces a decrease in the resistance of drug-resistant pancreatic cancer cells to GEM.

Objective:To investigate the effect of copper chlorophyllin sodium salt(CHL)on the sensitivity of human pancreatic cancer cells in response to gemcitabine(GEM)therapy and on the therapeutic effect on pancreatic cancer cells that have developed GEM resistance.Methods:MIA GR(a pancreatic cancer cell line resistant to GEM)was induced by a low-dose continuous incremental method,and the half inhibitory concentration(IC50)of MIA WT and MIA GR to GEM treatment was detected by the CCK-8 method,and the resistance index was calculated;the difference in IC50 of CHL on the two types of cells was detected by the CCK-8 method after treating MIA WT and MIA GR cells with different concentrations of CHL,CCK-8 method was used to detect the difference in IC50 of CHL on the two types of cells;on the basis of IC50,MIA WT and MIA GR cells were intervened with CHL and(or)GEM with different multiplicity of IC50,respectively,and the growth inhibition curves of MIA WT and MIA GR cells were detected by the CCK-8 method under the intervention of CHL combined with GEM;After the intervention of MIA WT and MIA GR cells with CHL and(or)GEM at IC50,respectively,the effects on the proliferation of the two different cells were detected using the clone formation assay;the effects on cytotoxicity/activity were observed under fluorescence microscopy;and the effects on apoptosis were detected using flow cytometry.Finally,western blotting was used to detect the effects of CHL and(or)GEM interventions on the drug resistance-associated molecules P-glycoprotein(P-gp)and ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2(RRM2)in MIA GR cells,the and sensitivity-related molecule deoxycytidine kinase(DCK)on protein expression levels.Results:MIA GR cells were verified to be well drug resistant,with resistance indices of 549.1 and 667.9 after 48 h and 96 h after GEM intervention compared to homologous wild-type MIA WT cells,respectively;CHL intervention inhibited the proliferation of MIA GR cells more significantly compared to that of MIA WT cells;and CHL in combination with GEM exerted a more significant growth inhibitory effect compared to GEM alone in both MIA WT cells(P<0.001)and MIA GR cells(P<0.01).CHL significantly inhibited the tumor proliferation of MIA GR cells,and the inhibitory effect was more pronounced in both cells when combined with GEM(P<0.000 1);furthermore,compared to GEM alone,the intervention with CHL could cause more pronounced cytotoxicity(P<0.000 1)in both MIA WT and MIA GR cells.caused more pronounced cytotoxicity(P<0.000 1)and induced a higher percentage of apoptosis than GEM alone.The results of the western blotting assay showed that CHL intervention caused a decrease in the expression levels of P-gp and RRM2 proteins,as well as an increase in the protein expression level of DCK in MIA GR cells.Conclusion:CHL increases the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to GEM and also induces a decrease in the resistance of drug-resistant pancreatic cancer cells to GEM.