Human amnion (hAM), as a biomaterial, has made significant progress in the field of ophthalmology, particularly in the treatment of retinal diseases. hAM possesses biological properties such as promoting tissue repair, inhibiting inflammation and neovascularization, and reducing fibrosis, which have led to its promising clinical outcomes in treating macular holes, retinal detachment, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, optic disc depression-related macular detachment, and age-related macular degeneration. The application of hAM can improve surgical success rates and promote vision recovery, with no significant rejection reactions observed due to its low immunogenicity. Nevertheless, the use of hAM still faces challenges in optimizing preparation and storage techniques, enhancing therapeutic efficacy, and reducing the risk of infectious disease transmission. Future research should focus on addressing these issues to further promote the application of hAM in retinal disease treatment and enhance its effectiveness.

Objective To evaluate the value of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in patients with stage ⅢA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer who received complete resection and chemotherapy. Methods Patients with stage ⅢA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer who received complete resection and chemotherapy were chosen from the SEER Research Plus Database [17 Registries, November 2012 Submission (2000-2019)]. The patients were divided into a PORT group and a non-PORT group according to whether the PORT was used. To balance baseline characteristics between non-PORT and PORT groups, R software was used to conduct a propensity score matching (PSM) with a ratio of 1 : 1 and a matching tolerance of 0.01. Both the Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were conducted to evaluate the value of PORT in terms of overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). Results In total, 2468 patients with stage ⅢA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer were enrolled, including 1078 males and 1390 females with a median age of 65 (58-71) years. There were 1336 patients in the PORT group, and 1132 patients in the non-PORT group. Cox regression analysis showed that PORT was not significantly associated with OS (multivariate analysis: HR=1.051, 95%CI 0.949-1.164, P=0.338) and DSS (multivariate analysis: HR=1.094, 95%CI 0.976-1.225, P=0.123). No statistical difference was found in the OS or DSS between non-PORT group and PORT group after PSM analysis (P＞0.05). Conclusion PORT does not have a survival benefit for patients with stage ⅢA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer who received complete resection and chemotherapy.

This article reports the diagnosis and treatment process of a case with secondary infective femoral artery pseudoaneurysm after intervention surgery for cerebral infarction,who improved after anti-infection and surgical treatment and was discharged.The patient was a 52-year-old female who underwent percutaneous balloon dilatation of basilar artery due to basilar artery stenosis.After surgery,she developed secondary methicillin-resistant Staphy-lococcus aureus(MRSA)bloodstream infection and infective femoral artery pseudoaneurysm.After treatment with vancomycin and linezolid,femoral artery pseudoaneurysm resection,and autovascular replacement,the patient re-covered well after the surgery and discharged from hospital.CT angiography(CTA)re-examination showed artifi-cial blood vessel patency.This study is expected to provide experience for the diagnosis and treatment of such pa-tients in clinical work.

This article reports the diagnosis and treatment process of a case with secondary infective femoral artery pseudoaneurysm after intervention surgery for cerebral infarction,who improved after anti-infection and surgical treatment and was discharged.The patient was a 52-year-old female who underwent percutaneous balloon dilatation of basilar artery due to basilar artery stenosis.After surgery,she developed secondary methicillin-resistant Staphy-lococcus aureus(MRSA)bloodstream infection and infective femoral artery pseudoaneurysm.After treatment with vancomycin and linezolid,femoral artery pseudoaneurysm resection,and autovascular replacement,the patient re-covered well after the surgery and discharged from hospital.CT angiography(CTA)re-examination showed artifi-cial blood vessel patency.This study is expected to provide experience for the diagnosis and treatment of such pa-tients in clinical work.

Human amnion (hAM), as a biomaterial, has made significant progress in the field of ophthalmology, particularly in the treatment of retinal diseases. hAM possesses biological properties such as promoting tissue repair, inhibiting inflammation and neovascularization, and reducing fibrosis, which have led to its promising clinical outcomes in treating macular holes, retinal detachment, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, optic disc depression-related macular detachment, and age-related macular degeneration. The application of hAM can improve surgical success rates and promote vision recovery, with no significant rejection reactions observed due to its low immunogenicity. Nevertheless, the use of hAM still faces challenges in optimizing preparation and storage techniques, enhancing therapeutic efficacy, and reducing the risk of infectious disease transmission. Future research should focus on addressing these issues to further promote the application of hAM in retinal disease treatment and enhance its effectiveness.

Objective To study the effects of different extracorporeal circulation temperature combined with dexmedetomidine on oxidative stress in patients undergoing cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass.Methods 240 patients who underwent cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass were selected from June 2021 to June 2024.The patients were 50 to 75 years old and did not have severe hepatic or renal insufficiency.The Mini-Mental State Examination was completed 1 day before the operation.Patients were routinely established for cardiopulmonary bypass.Patients were randomly divided into four groups(n=55):hypothermia+normal saline group(L0),hypothermia+dexmedetomidine group(L1),hyperthermia+normal saline group(H0)and hyper-thermia+dexmedetomidine group(H1).The nasopharyngeal temperature was maintained at(30±1)℃in the hypothermia group and(33±1)℃in the high-temperature group during the reflux period.Dexmedetomidine injection was intravenously injected at 1 μg/kg 10 minutes before anesthesia in L1 and H1 groups,and pumped continuously at a rate of 0.5 μg/(kg·h)until the end of surgery.L0 and H0 groups were given equal volume of normal saline until the end of operation.5 mL of central venous blood was collected before the beginning of anesthesia(T1),at the end of surgery(T2),24 h(T3)and 48 h(T4)after surgery,and serum neuron specific enolase(NSE),interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)levels were detected by ELISA.The levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and malondialdehyde(MDA)in serum were determined by xanthine oxidase method and thiobarbituric acid method.The Confusion Assessment Method-ICU was used to evaluate the occurrence of POD.Results 220 patients were finally enrolled,including 81 patients in POD group,with an incidence of 36.8%.Compared with NPOD group,the concentrations of NSE,IL-6,TNF-ɑ and MDA in POD group were in-creased,while the concentration of SOD was decreased.Compared with L0 group,the concentrations of NSE,IL-6,TNF-ɑ and MDA were decreased and the concentration of SOD increased in L1 group.Compared with H0 group,NSE,IL-6,TNF-ɑ and MDA concentrations in H1 group were decreased,while SOD concentration was in-creased.Compared with L0 group,concentration of NSE,IL-6,TNF-ɑ and MDA increased,while the concentra-tion of SOD decreased in H0 group.Compared with L1 group,concentration of NSE,IL-6,TNF-ɑ and MDA in-creased,while the concentration of SOD decreased in H1 group.Conclusion Hypothermia combined with dexme-detomidine during cardiopulmonary bypass can reduce oxidative stress response and POD in patients.

Objective To study the effects of different extracorporeal circulation temperature combined with dexmedetomidine on oxidative stress in patients undergoing cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass.Methods 240 patients who underwent cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass were selected from June 2021 to June 2024.The patients were 50 to 75 years old and did not have severe hepatic or renal insufficiency.The Mini-Mental State Examination was completed 1 day before the operation.Patients were routinely established for cardiopulmonary bypass.Patients were randomly divided into four groups(n=55):hypothermia+normal saline group(L0),hypothermia+dexmedetomidine group(L1),hyperthermia+normal saline group(H0)and hyper-thermia+dexmedetomidine group(H1).The nasopharyngeal temperature was maintained at(30±1)℃in the hypothermia group and(33±1)℃in the high-temperature group during the reflux period.Dexmedetomidine injection was intravenously injected at 1 μg/kg 10 minutes before anesthesia in L1 and H1 groups,and pumped continuously at a rate of 0.5 μg/(kg·h)until the end of surgery.L0 and H0 groups were given equal volume of normal saline until the end of operation.5 mL of central venous blood was collected before the beginning of anesthesia(T1),at the end of surgery(T2),24 h(T3)and 48 h(T4)after surgery,and serum neuron specific enolase(NSE),interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)levels were detected by ELISA.The levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and malondialdehyde(MDA)in serum were determined by xanthine oxidase method and thiobarbituric acid method.The Confusion Assessment Method-ICU was used to evaluate the occurrence of POD.Results 220 patients were finally enrolled,including 81 patients in POD group,with an incidence of 36.8%.Compared with NPOD group,the concentrations of NSE,IL-6,TNF-ɑ and MDA in POD group were in-creased,while the concentration of SOD was decreased.Compared with L0 group,the concentrations of NSE,IL-6,TNF-ɑ and MDA were decreased and the concentration of SOD increased in L1 group.Compared with H0 group,NSE,IL-6,TNF-ɑ and MDA concentrations in H1 group were decreased,while SOD concentration was in-creased.Compared with L0 group,concentration of NSE,IL-6,TNF-ɑ and MDA increased,while the concentra-tion of SOD decreased in H0 group.Compared with L1 group,concentration of NSE,IL-6,TNF-ɑ and MDA in-creased,while the concentration of SOD decreased in H1 group.Conclusion Hypothermia combined with dexme-detomidine during cardiopulmonary bypass can reduce oxidative stress response and POD in patients.

Objective To investigate the application value of tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) in elderly patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and its influence on bones and kidneys. Methods A total of 36 CHB patients, aged ≥60 years, who received TAF antiviral therapy in Qingdao Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Sixth People's Hospital, Chengyang People's Hospital, and Jimo People's Hospital from June 2021 to October 2022 were enrolled in this study, and all patients received TAF (25 mg/d) antiviral therapy. Related data were collected at baseline and weeks 24 and 48 of treatment, including virological indicators, biochemical parameters, urinary protein electrophoresis indices, transient elastography (FibroScan), and bone mineral density. Virological indicators included high-sensitivity HBV DNA quantification; biochemical parameters included total bilirubin, direct bilirubin (DBil), indirect bilirubin (IBil), alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, total bile acid (TBA), glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and cystatin C (Cys C); urinary protein electrophoresis indices included urinary β2 microglobulin (β2-MG), urinary retinol (URBP), and urinary α1 microspherin (α1-MG). The paired t -test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data before and after treatment, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data before and after treatment; the chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of categorical data. Results A total of 36 CHB patients completed 24 weeks of follow-up. The complete virological response rate after 24 weeks of treatment was higher than that at baseline [83.3% (30/36) vs 77.8% (28/36), χ 2 =0.36, P =0.55], and there were significant reductions in DBil ( t =-2.42, P =0.02) and Cys C ( t =-4.34, P < 0.001) from baseline to week 24. A total of 18 CHB patients completed 48 weeks of follow-up. The complete virological response rate after 48 weeks of treatment was higher than that at baseline (94.4% vs 77.8%, χ 2 =2.22, P =0.34), and there were significant increases in IBil ( t =2.43, P =0.03), TBA ( Z =-2.24, P =0.03), and bone mineral density T score of lumbar vertebra ( t =2.92, P = 0.01) and femoral neck ( t =2.42, P =0.03) and a significant reduction in liver stiffness measurement ( t =-2.31, P =0.03). There were no significant changes in β2-MG, URBP, and α1-MG after treatment (all P > 0.05). Conclusion TAF has a good antiviral effect in CHB patients aged ≥60 years and can help more CHB patients achieve complete virological response, without causing damage to the kidney, and it can also improve bone mineral density and liver fibrosis degree.

The chronic use of morphine and other opioids is associated with opioid-induced hypersensitivity (OIH) and analgesic tolerance. Among the different forms of OIH and tolerance, the opioid receptors and cell types mediating opioid-induced mechanical allodynia and anti-allodynic tolerance remain unresolved. Here we demonstrated that the loss of peripheral μ-opioid receptors (MORs) or MOR-expressing neurons attenuated thermal tolerance, but did not affect the expression and maintenance of morphine-induced mechanical allodynia and anti-allodynic tolerance. To confirm this result, we made dorsal root ganglia-dorsal roots-sagittal spinal cord slice preparations and recorded low-threshold Aβ-fiber stimulation-evoked inputs and outputs in superficial dorsal horn neurons. Consistent with the behavioral results, peripheral MOR loss did not prevent the opening of Aβ mechanical allodynia pathways in the spinal dorsal horn. Therefore, the peripheral MOR signaling pathway may not be an optimal target for preventing mechanical OIH and analgesic tolerance. Future studies should focus more on central mechanisms.
Humans ; Morphine/pharmacology* ; Hyperalgesia/metabolism* ; Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology* ; Neurons/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction

Objective To investigate the effect of long-chain non-coding RNA(lncRNA)AP000892.6 on the migration,inva-sion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of bladder cancer cells and the related molecular mechanism.Methods The expression of AP000892.6 in bladder cancer and adjacent tissues was analyzed using GEPIA dataset.The expression levels of AP000892.6 in bladder cancer cell lines 647V,T24,UMUC3,5637,RT4 and normal bladder epithelial cells SV-HUC-1 were detected by real-time quanti-tative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR).The AP000892.6 overexpression plasmid or negative control plasmid was transfected into T24 cells,and the experiment was divided into AP000892.6 group and NC group.The plasmid transfection efficiency was verified by RT-qPCR.The migration and invasion abilities of transfected T24 cells were detected by cell scratch method and Transwell assay,re-spectively.The downstream target gene of AP000892.6 was predicted and validated using bioinformatics method and dual-luciferase re-porter gene experiment.The expression of AP000892.6downstream target gene was detected by RT-qPCR.Western blot was used to de-tect the expression of epithelial phenotype proteins E-cadherin,ZO-1 and mesenchymal phenotype proteins Vimentin,N-cadherin and Twist.Results Compared with adjacent tissues,the expression of AP000892.6 was decreased in bladder cancer tissues(P＜0.01).Compared with SV-HUC-1 cells,the expression of AP000892.6 was decreased in bladder cancer cell lines(P＜0.05),and the rela-tive expression level of AP000892.6 in T24 cells was the lowest(P＜0.01).Compared with the NC group,overexpression of AP000892.6 inhibited the migration(P＜0.01)and invasive ability(P＜0.01)of bladder cancer T24 cells.Dual-luciferase reporter gene analysis proved that miR-616-5p was the target gene of AP000892.6(P＜0.01).Compared with the NC group,AP000892.6 negatively regu-lated the expression of miR-616-5p(P＜0.01).Compared with the NC group,the expression of epithelial phenotype proteins E-cad-herin and ZO-1 were up-regulated in T24 cells of AP000892.6group,and the expression of mesenchymal phenotype proteins Vimentin,N-cadherin and Twist were down-regulated.Conclusion AP000892.6 inhibits the migration,invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition process of bladder cancer T24 cells by targeting miR-616-5p.