Objective:To analyze the causal relationship between intestinal flora and vitiligo by two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis based on "co-diseases of skin and gut" in TCM.Methods:Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data of intestinal flora samples and vitiligo samples were obtained from the databases of MiBioGen and IEU OpenGWAS Project, respectively. Intestinal flora was used as exposure factor, vitiligo as outcome, and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated with various intestinal floras was used as instrumental variable. After screening qualified instrumental variable in this study, inverse variance weighting (IVW) was used for MR analysis to investigate the potential causal relationship between intestinal flora and vitiligo, MR-Egger regression, weighted median estimator (WME), weighted mode (WM), and simple mode (SM) were used as supplementary methods for IVW. The Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO and leave one-out analysis were used for sensitivity analysis.Results:Euryarchaeota (IVW method: OR<1, P<0.05) were the protective factors for the occurrence of vitiligo, and Clostridialesvadin-BB60group (IVW method: OR>1, P<0.05) and Subdoligranulum (IVW method: OR>1, P<0.05) were the risk factors for the occurrence of vitiligo. No heterogeneity effect was found by the Cochran's Q test ( P>0.05), no horizontal pleiotropy was found by the MR-Egger intercept test ( P>0.05), no outliers were found in the MR-PRESSO analysis ( P>0.05), and the results of leave-one-out analysis indicated that the causal effects of the 3 identified intestinal floras on vitiligo were not driven by any single SNP. Conclusions:There are causal effects between some intestinal floras and vitiligo, but the specific mechanisms still need to be further studied. The gut microbiota affects the onset and treatment of vitiligo. Using TCM to regulate the gut microbiota may have a good therapeutic effect on treating vitiligo, providing a direction for clinical diagnosis and treatment of vitiligo.

OBJECTIVETo study in vitro and in vivo protein expression and biological function of gene pp1158, a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-related gene.

METHODSpp1158 was expressed with fusion expression vector pET-32a in E. Coli-BL21 (DE3), and rabbit anti-pp1158 fusion protein polyclonal antibody was prepared. The biological function and differential expressions of pp1158 were studied by in vitro colony formation assay nude mouse in vivo tumor formation assay of transfected BEL7402 cell line and immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Differential expression of pp1158 in human fetal tissues were examined by Northern blot.

RESULTSIn vitro experiment showed that pp1158 inhibited colony formation rate of transfected BEL 7402 cells, with an inhibition rate of 58.3% (P < 0.01). Tumor formation assay indicated that tumor formation of pCMV-Script-1158 transfected BEL 7402 cell line was significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) as compared with that of the control group. Immunohistochemical assay showed that pp1158 was expressed in human tissue in the following sequence: normal liver >/= noncancerous liver tissue > HCC. Western blot indicated that a 60kD protein (pp1158 protein) was expressed in BEL 7402 cells transfected with pCMV-Script-pp1158 DNA, while it was detected in BEL 7402 cells transfected with pCMV-Script vector DNA. Northern blot showed pp1158 was expressed in the placenta at a very high level, heart, liver, muscle, pancreas and lung but expressed poorly in the brain and kidney.

CONCLUSIONpp1158 is a new candidate tumor suppressor gene of HCC.

Angiopoietin-like 4 Protein ; Angiopoietins ; Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; Blotting, Western ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Liver Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms, Experimental ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Proteins ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Objective:To validate whether there is self-schema of self-supporting and to look into the difference in amount of recall,amount of recognition and reaction time between children with high score of self-sporting and those with low score.Methods:Levels of self-supporting of 300 sixth grade students from a primary school in Hunan were assessed by using a Self-supporting Behavior Questionnaire for Six to Twelve Years'Old Children,and the subjects were grouped into two groups,of which the high-score group includes the top 35 from the questionnaire result,and the low-group includes the lowest 35.Then the SRET task was assigned to the two groups and a contrastive study of their self-schema was carried out.Results:The amount of recognition of self-supporting words by the two groups is larger than that of non-self-supporting words;The reaction time of the self-supporting group is longer than that of the other group;there is no significant difference in the amount of correct recognition.Conclusion:High self-supporting group showed self schema of self-supporting,and low self-supporting group showed not only self schema of non-self-supporting but also that of self-supporting,which implies that self-supporting is not a dichotomy concept of self.

The expression of cancer gene products of insuline-like growth factor Ⅱ (IGF-Ⅱ),IGF-Ⅱ receptors (IGF-Ⅱ-R),and colony-stimulating factor 1 receptors (CSF-1-R) /c-fms in 17 cases of human primary hepatic cancer,the non-cancerous liver tissue adjacent to the cancer,and normal liver tissue was studied with immunocytochemistry (ABC),Western blot and Northern blot techniques.It was found that the expression of IGF-Ⅱ,IGF-Ⅱ-R and CSF-1-R was significantly higher in the cancers than in normal liver tissues,and the expression of IGF-Ⅱ and IGF-Ⅱ-R was higher in the non-cancerous liver tissues than in the cancers.It was noteworthy that the expression of IGF-Ⅱ in both the cancerous and non-cancerous hepatic tissues was characterized by its fetal type.However the expression of CSF-1-R was distinctly higher in the cancers than in the non-cancerous hepatic tissue.These findings,the authors believe,imply that the aberrant overexpression of IGF-Ⅱ,IGF-Ⅱ-R and CSF-l-R might be related to the mechanism of auto-crine-stimulated growtth of the cells of human primary hepatic cancer.