BACKGROUND:Stand-alone oblique lateral interbody fusion has a high rate of complications of fusion segment sink.Oblique lateral interbody fusion with posterior fixation can provide stable support,but intraoperative position changes and double incisions weaken the advantages of this technique.Oblique lateral interbody fusion combined with lateral plate fixation can achieve one-stage decompression in the same incision,while the lateral internal fixation provides stable support. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the short-term efficacy of oblique lateral interbody fusion combined with lateral plate fixation in the treatment of single-level lumbar degenerative disease. METHODS:The clinical data of 34 patients with single-level lumbar degenerative disease treated with oblique lateral interbody fusion combined with lateral plate fixation were collected from May 2020 to October 2022.Among them,14 were males and 20 were females aged from 41 to 72 years at the mean age of(58.6±9.9)years.There were 11 cases of lumbar spondylolisthesis(Ⅰ°),7 cases of lumbar disc herniation with segmental instability,and 16 cases of lumbar spinal stenosis.Operation time,blood loss,and complications were recorded.Visual analog scale scores of lumbago,radiative pain of both lower limbs,and Oswestry disability index scores were evaluated before surgery,3 months after surgery,and the last follow-up.Dural sac cross-sectional area,intervertebral height,and intervertebral fusion were measured and observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The 34 patients were followed up for 14-36 months,with an average of(21.3±5.2)months.(2)The operation time ranged from 50 to 92 minutes,with an average of(68.5±11.1)minutes.Intraoperative blood loss was 50-170 mL,with an average of(71.6±25.3)mL.(3)Compared with the preoperative results,the visual analog scale scores and Oswestry disability index scores were significantly decreased at 3 months after surgery and at the last follow-up(P<0.001),and the maximum Oswestry disability index scores were improved by nearly 50％.(4)Bone fusion was achieved in all patients during half-year follow-up.The overall complication rate was 21％(7/34),including 1 case of plate displacement,3 cases of cage subsidence,1 case of psoas weakness,and 2 cases of anterior thigh pain.(5)It is concluded that oblique lateral interbody fusion combined with lateral plate fixation for the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases has the characteristics of less blood loss,short operation time,rapid postoperative recovery,and significant short-term clinical efficacy with the stable support to a certain extent.The long-term curative effect needs further follow-up observation.

Objective:To develop the Postoperative Subdelirium Syndrome Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Questionnaire for Surgical Nurses and test its reliability and validity.Methods:Based on the theory of knowledge, attitude, and practice, the preliminary Postoperative Subdelirium Syndrome Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Questionnaire for Surgical Nurses was developed through literature search and analysis, Delphi expert consultation, and pre-survey. From February to April 2022, convenience sampling was used to select 375 surgical nurses from five Class Ⅲ Grade A hospitals and three Class Ⅲ Grade B hospitals in Zhejiang Province for questionnaire item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and reliability testing.Results:The final Postoperative Subdelirium Syndrome Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Questionnaire for Surgical Nurses consisted of 33 items in three dimensions of knowledge, attitude, and practice. Exploratory factor analysis extracted three common factors with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 67.016%. The total Cronbach's α coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.931, and the Cronbach's α coefficients for each dimension were 0.972, 0.906, and 0.932, respectively. The overall test-retest reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.999, and the test-retest reliability coefficients for each dimension were 0.997, 0.994, and 0.998. The questionnaire-level content validity index was 0.889, and the item-level content validity index was 0.833 to 1.000.Conclusions:The Postoperative Subdelirium Syndrome Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Questionnaire for Surgical Nurses has good reliability and validity, and can be used to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of postoperative subdelirium syndrome among surgical nurses.

ObjectiveTo identify the chemical components of Houpo Wenzhongtang in vivo and in vitro and to analyze the pharmacokinetic properties of the index components in rats with deficiency-cold of spleen and stomach. MethodThe chemical components of Houpo Wenzhongtang was analyzed and identified by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS）. Six rats were randomly selected from 18 SD rats as the blank group， and the remaining rats were given lard and cold vinegar for a long time to construct a rat model with deficiency-cold of spleen and stomach. After successful modeling， the rats were randomly divided into the model group and Houpu Wenzhongtang group（13.5 g·kg^-1， calculated as crude drug）. The administration group was given the corresponding dose of Houpu Wenzhongtang by gavage， and the blank group and the model group were given the same amount of distilled water by gavage. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） were used to measure gastrin（GAS） and motilin（MTL） levels in each group. At the same time， plasma samples were collected at different time points after administration， and blood-entry prototype components and metabolites of Houpo Wenzhongtang were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. On this basis， plasma concentrations of magnolol， honokiol， alpinetin and hesperidin in Houpo Wenzhongtang were determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometry（UPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS）， and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using DAS 2.0 software. ResultA total of 79 chemical components， including 44 flavonoids and 11 lignans， were identified in Houpo Wenzhongtang. Meanwhile， 18 blood-entry prototype components and 27 metabolites were identified， the main metabolic pathways of metabolites were glucuronidation， sulfation， oxidation and hydrolysis， and phase Ⅰ and phase Ⅱ were the two primary forms of metabolism. Pharmacokinetic results showed that among the four index components， the time to peak（t_max） values of magnolol and honokiol were consistent and exhibited similar drug metabolism characteristics， the t_max of alpinetin was the shortest， and the absorption rate was the fastest， which had the earliest peak plasma concentration levels， and hesperidin had the shortest mean residence time（MRT_0-t） and the highest metabolic rate in rats. ConclusionThis study clarifies the blood-entry prototype components and their metabolites of Houpo Wenzhongtang in the rat model of deficiency-cold of spleen and stomach， and reveals the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the main active ingredients， which can provide a scientific basis for the study of pharmacodynamic material basis of this formula and its clinical application in treating the syndrome of deficiency-cold of spleen and stomach.

Objective:To explore the mediating role of working memory (WM) in the cortisol-awakening response (CAR) and multiple object tracking (MOT) in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods:92 children with ADHD (ADHD group) and 94 typically developing children (control group) were selected from January 2022 to October 2022. Salivary cortisol levels were detected and analyzed in all children at four time points after awakening. Children's WM and MOT performance were assessed by the 1-back and MOT paradigms, respectively. SPSS 26.0 software was used for t-test and Pearson correlation analysis of the data, and plug-in PROCESS model 4 of SPSS 26.0 was used for mediated effects analysis. Results:(1) ADHD group showed significantly lower CAR, 1-back accuracy and MOT performance((30.97±5.63), (81.33±10.64) %, (2.36±0.37)) than the control group((32.41±3.48), (91.19±7.12) %, (2.62±0.28))( t=-2.09, -7.22, -5.31, all P<0.05). (2) Pearson analysis showed that CAR was positively correlated with 1-back accuracy ( r=0.293, P<0.01) and MOT performance ( r=0.740, P<0.01). 1-back accuracy was positively correlated with MOT performance ( r=0.368, P<0.01). (3) WM partially mediated the effect of CAR on MOT in children with ADHD, accounting for 6.13% (0.003/0.049) of the total effect. Conclusion:Children with ADHD have deficits in MOT.WM plays a mediating role between CAR and MOT performance in children with ADHD.

Objective: We aimed to predict the possible mechanism of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) by integrating and analyzing mRNA sequencing results from two datasets and to provide direction for future studies into the pathogenesis of OCD. Methods: Two OCD datasets, GSE78104 and GSE60190, were obtained, and the intersection of the two gene sets with differential expression in OCD samples was selected. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signal pathway enrichment and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses were performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) online analysis website for the genes at the intersection, and the data were mapped using http://www.bioinformatics.com.cn. After genes with p≤0.05 had been screened out, protein-protein interaction (PPI) interaction analysis was conducted using Metascape to screen the key Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) genes. MCODE genes were then enriched using the KEGG signaling pathway and GO classification. Results: A total of 3,449 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained from the GSE78104 and GSE60190 datasets. KEGG, GO, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis analyses of DEGs showed that the onset of OCD was related to oxidative phosphorylation and other metabolic processes, which may have a similar pathogenesis to other neurodegenerative diseases. Single-gene PPI analysis of SAPAP3 revealed that the mechanism by which SAPAP3 knockout induces OCD may also be caused by affecting oxidative phosphorylation. Conclusion The mechanism of SAPAP3 knockout-induced OCD in mice may be due to the oxidative phosphorylation process in the body. Future studies on the neural circuit mechanism of OCD should be conducted.

Objective To verify the biomechanical stability of oblique lateral interbody fusion ( OLIF) combinedwith different fixation methods for treating degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) by three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis. Methods The L1-S1 3D finite element DLS model ( Model 1) was established, and then the OLIF (L2-5) at 3 contiguous levels of fusion and its combination with different internal fixation methods were simulated, namely, stand-alone OLIF model ( Model 2), vertebral screw fixation model ( Model 3), unilateral pedicle screw fixation model (Model 4) and bilateral pedicle screw fixation model (Model 5) were established,respectively. Under upright, flexion, extension, lateral bending and axial rotation states, range of motion (ROM) of fusion segments, as well as cage stress, internal fixation stress, and stress distribution were recorded and analyzed. Results Under six motion states, the overall ROM of fusion segments in Models 2-5 was smaller than that of Model 1. Compared with Model 1, the overall ROM reduction of Model 3 and Model 4 was larger than that of Model 2 and smaller than that of Model 5. Under flexion and extension, the overall ROM reduction of Model 4 and Model 5 was basically equal. Under left and right lateral bending, the overall ROM reduction of Model 3 and Model 5 was basically equal. Under all motion states, the peak stress of Model 3 and Model 4 fusion cage was larger than that of Model 5 and smaller than that of Model 2. The peak stresses of L2-3, L3-4 and L4-5 fusion cages in Model 3 increased by 5. 52% , 10. 96% and 7. 99% respectively compared with Model 5 under left lateral bending, and the peak stresses of L2-3, L3-4 and L4-5 fusion cages in Model 4 increased by 8. 70% , 7. 00% and 6. 99% respectively under flexion. Under all motion states, the peak stress of screw rod in Model 5 was smaller than that of Model 3 and Model 4, and the peak stresses of screw rod in Models 3-5 were the smallest in upright state. Conclusions The OLIF with unilateral pedicle screw fixation or vertebral screw fixation can provide favorable biomechanical stability of the fusion segment. The results provide some references for clinical application of OLIF technology in the treatment of DLS.

Objective:To analyze the changes in self-efficacy and its influencing factors in type 2 diabetic patients after community-based self-management group intervention.Methods:From August to November 2014, a 3-month community-based self-management intervention study of type 2 diabetes patients was implemented in Fangshan District, Beijing. 510 patients were recruited through posters, household inquiries and telephone notification and then were randomly divided into intervention group (260 patients) and control group (250 patients). Finally, 500 patients completed the study, including 259 in the intervention group and 241 in the control group. Self-efficacy score was measured through face-to-face interview at different time points, including pre-intervention, post-intervention, 2 years after the intervention and 5 years after the intervention, respectively. A two-level random coefficient model was fitted to analyze the long-term trend of self-efficacy and its relationship with group intervention.Results:Individual-level educational attainment, disease duration as well as their treatment plans had a positive correlation with self-efficacy of type 2 diabetic patients while gender and age did not affect their self-efficacy. Patients with junior middle school education, senior high school education and university and above education had 4.66 ( P<0.05), 6.40 ( P<0.05) and 11.02 ( P<0.05) points higher than those with primary education, respectively. The self-efficacy of diabetic patients increased by 0.23 ( P<0.05) for each additional course year. The effect of treatment plan on self-efficacy was mainly reflected in the self-efficacy of taking medication or insulin injection as prescribed and blood glucose monitoring. After controlling for the confounding factors, i.e., gender, age, disease duration, educational attainment, and treatment plan, self-efficacy scores at the post-intervention increased in both groups compared to those at the pre-intervention. The intervention group had 7.95 points higher than the control group ( P<0.05). After the intervention, the self-efficacy scores of both groups decreased year by year while the intervention group declined faster, with 5.41 points ( P<0.05) at 2 years after the intervention and 8.94 points ( P<0.05) at 5 years after the intervention. Conclusion:Community-based self-management group intervention could improve the self-efficacy of type 2 diabetic patients while the self-efficacy decreases year by year in the absence of follow-up intervention.

Objective:To analyze the changes in self-efficacy and its influencing factors in type 2 diabetic patients after community-based self-management group intervention.Methods:From August to November 2014, a 3-month community-based self-management intervention study of type 2 diabetes patients was implemented in Fangshan District, Beijing. 510 patients were recruited through posters, household inquiries and telephone notification and then were randomly divided into intervention group (260 patients) and control group (250 patients). Finally, 500 patients completed the study, including 259 in the intervention group and 241 in the control group. Self-efficacy score was measured through face-to-face interview at different time points, including pre-intervention, post-intervention, 2 years after the intervention and 5 years after the intervention, respectively. A two-level random coefficient model was fitted to analyze the long-term trend of self-efficacy and its relationship with group intervention.Results:Individual-level educational attainment, disease duration as well as their treatment plans had a positive correlation with self-efficacy of type 2 diabetic patients while gender and age did not affect their self-efficacy. Patients with junior middle school education, senior high school education and university and above education had 4.66 ( P<0.05), 6.40 ( P<0.05) and 11.02 ( P<0.05) points higher than those with primary education, respectively. The self-efficacy of diabetic patients increased by 0.23 ( P<0.05) for each additional course year. The effect of treatment plan on self-efficacy was mainly reflected in the self-efficacy of taking medication or insulin injection as prescribed and blood glucose monitoring. After controlling for the confounding factors, i.e., gender, age, disease duration, educational attainment, and treatment plan, self-efficacy scores at the post-intervention increased in both groups compared to those at the pre-intervention. The intervention group had 7.95 points higher than the control group ( P<0.05). After the intervention, the self-efficacy scores of both groups decreased year by year while the intervention group declined faster, with 5.41 points ( P<0.05) at 2 years after the intervention and 8.94 points ( P<0.05) at 5 years after the intervention. Conclusion:Community-based self-management group intervention could improve the self-efficacy of type 2 diabetic patients while the self-efficacy decreases year by year in the absence of follow-up intervention.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic efficiency of the 2020 Chinese Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (C-TIRADS) and the 2017 American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR-TIRADS) in the diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.Methods:A retrospective analysis of the two-dimensional ultrasound image results of 324 thyroid nodules in 289 patients with thyroid nodules and thyroid nodules were performed in the physical examination of the Health Management Department of the Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital from January 2018 to January 2019. A superficial professional doctor with a senior professional title simultaneously uses the C-TIRADS and ACR-TIRADS methods to evaluate the above nodules. The results are all pathologically referenced for the χ2 test and the receiver operating characteristic curve is drawn. Results:The sensitivity of C-TIRADS in diagnosing benign and malignant thyroid nodules was 81.90%, specificity was 97.72%, accuracy was 92.59%, negative predictive value was 91.85%, positive predictive value was 84.51%; ACR-TIRADS diagnosis The sensitivity of benign and malignant thyroid nodules was 59.05%, specificity was 99.54%, accuracy was 86.42%, negative predictive value was 83.52%, and positive predictive value was 98.41%. The area under the ROC curve was 0.958 and 0.935( Z=2.31 P=0.021). Conclusion:C-TIRADS classification based on counting method is better than ACR-TIRADS classification based on sub-method in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. It has better efficacy and is more suitable for the current status of diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules in China.

Objective:To evaluate the quality of the National Demonstration Area for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of NCDs (referred to as "the Demonstration Area").Methods:Based on the evaluation scores of the Demonstration Area field survey from 2017 to 2019, we counted the scores of each indicator, comparing the scores among indicators and regions. x± s was used to describe the scores. The 95% CI of the score was used to test the statistical difference among regions. Each score was converted into a hundred-mark system to compare the scores among indicators. Results:Of 236 Demonstration Areas, the total score was 83.5. The scores of the first-level indicator listed from high to low appeared as Integrating System of NCD Prevention and Control (92.8), Policy Perfection (90.3), Building Supportive Environment for NCD Prevention and Control (88.4), Implementation of Health Education and Health Promotion (87.4), Whole-course Management of NCDs (78.1), Innovation and Guidance (76.5), Surveillance and Evaluation (75.1). Total scores were higher in the east (259.2±18.8) comparing to the middle (243.2±15.2) or the west (245.4±19.7) regions.Conclusions:Substantial variations on the quality in the Demonstration Area existed across different regions in China. These disparities are important to the government when developing health policies and allocating resources. Whole-course Management of NCDs, Surveillance and Evaluation, and Innovation and Guidance in the Demonstration Area also needs to be improved.