ObjectiveThis paper aims to explore the in vitro anti-psoriasis activity and potential mechanism of Kangfuxin liquid （KFX liquid）， providing experimental evidence for the anti-psoriasis effect of KFX liquid. MethodsFirstly， the uninduced human immortalized keratinocyte cells （HaCaT cells） were divided into seven groups， namely the control group and KFX liquid groups with different doses （5， 10， 20， 40， 80， 160 g·L^-1）. After being treated with different concentrations of KFX liquid， the effect of KFX liquid on the normal cell proliferation was detected by using the cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） method. Secondly， the uninduced HaCaT cells were divided into six groups， namely the control group and recombinant human interleukin-7A （rh-IL-7A） groups with different doses （5， 10， 50， 100， 120 g·L^-1）. After being treated with different concentrations of recombinant human interleukin-17A （rh IL-17A） liquid， the effect of rh IL-17A on cell proliferation was detected. The optimal induction concentration was screened. Then， normal HaCaT cells were divided into a control group and KFX liquid groups with different doses （5， 10， 20， 40， 80， 160 g·L^-1）. Except for the control group， the other groups established psoriasis cell models with the optimal induction concentration of rh IL-17A. After being treated with different concentrations of KFX liquid， the effects of KFX liquid on the psoriasis-like HaCaT cell proliferation were investigated. Finally， the uninduced HaCaT cells were divided into six groups， namely the control group， rh IL-17A group， methotrexate （MTX） group， and KFX liquid groups with different doses （20， 40， 80 g·L^-1）. Except for the control group， the other groups used the optimal induction concentration of rh IL-17A to establish psoriasis cell models. After being treated with different drugs， the cell migration levels were detected through scratch assays， and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the relative mRNA expression levels of Ki-67 antigen （Ki67）， S100 calcium-binding protein A7 （S100A7）， S100 calcium-binding protein A8 （S100A8）， and S100 calcium-binding protein A9 （S100A9）， thereby comprehensively evaluating the in vitro anti-psoriasis activity of KFX liquid. By detecting the relative mRNA expression levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and chemokine-20 （CXCL-20） inflammatory-related factors in psoriasis-like HaCaT cells and the protein expression levels of Janus kinase 3 （JAK3）， phosphorylated Janus kinase 3 （p-JAK3）， signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3）， and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （p-STAT3）， the mechanism was explored. ResultsCompared with that of control group， when treated with 80 g·L^-1 KFX liquid for 72 h （P<0.05） and at different times with 160 g·L^-1 KFX liquid， the HaCaT cell proliferation activity was significantly affected （P<0.01）， while the other concentrations of KFX liquid had no significant differences in cell morphology and cell proliferation activity at different times， indicating that the KFX liquid is relatively safe for HaCaT cells and has no obvious toxic side effects. Compared with that of control group， when treated with different concentrations of rh IL-17A for 24 h， the HaCaT cell proliferation activity was significantly enhanced， and the cell activity was the strongest when the concentration was 100 μg·L^-1 （P<0.05）， with a density close to 100% and intact cell morphology， indicating that 100 μg·L^-1 is the optimal concentration for inducing HaCaT cell proliferation. The results of the KFX liquid treatment on rh IL-17A-induced psoriasis-like cells show that the KFX liquid not only effectively inhibits the rh IL-17A-induced psoriasis-like HaCaT cell proliferation activity （P<0.01）， but also significantly reduces the migration ability of rh IL-17A-induced psoriasis-like HaCaT cells （P<0.01）， and the relative mRNA expression levels of Ki67， S100A7， S100A8， and S100A9 （P<0.01）. Moreover， the KFX liquid can significantly reduce the relative mRNA expression levels of IL-1β， IL-6， and CXCL-20 in rh IL-17A-induced psoriasis-like cells （P<0.01）， and significantly inhibit the phosphorylation levels of JAK3 and STAT3 proteins （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe KFX liquid has no obvious toxicity to uninduced HaCaT cells. It can inhibit rh IL-17A-induced psoriasis-like HaCaT cell proliferation， reduce the cell migration ability， and has good in vitro anti-psoriasis activity. Its action mechanism may be related to downregulating the expression levels of inflammation-related cytokines in the JAK3/STAT3 signaling pathway and inhibiting the phosphorylation levels of JAK3 and STAT3 proteins.

ObjectiveThis paper aims to explore the in vitro anti-psoriasis activity and potential mechanism of Kangfuxin liquid （KFX liquid）， providing experimental evidence for the anti-psoriasis effect of KFX liquid. MethodsFirstly， the uninduced human immortalized keratinocyte cells （HaCaT cells） were divided into seven groups， namely the control group and KFX liquid groups with different doses （5， 10， 20， 40， 80， 160 g·L^-1）. After being treated with different concentrations of KFX liquid， the effect of KFX liquid on the normal cell proliferation was detected by using the cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） method. Secondly， the uninduced HaCaT cells were divided into six groups， namely the control group and recombinant human interleukin-7A （rh-IL-7A） groups with different doses （5， 10， 50， 100， 120 g·L^-1）. After being treated with different concentrations of recombinant human interleukin-17A （rh IL-17A） liquid， the effect of rh IL-17A on cell proliferation was detected. The optimal induction concentration was screened. Then， normal HaCaT cells were divided into a control group and KFX liquid groups with different doses （5， 10， 20， 40， 80， 160 g·L^-1）. Except for the control group， the other groups established psoriasis cell models with the optimal induction concentration of rh IL-17A. After being treated with different concentrations of KFX liquid， the effects of KFX liquid on the psoriasis-like HaCaT cell proliferation were investigated. Finally， the uninduced HaCaT cells were divided into six groups， namely the control group， rh IL-17A group， methotrexate （MTX） group， and KFX liquid groups with different doses （20， 40， 80 g·L^-1）. Except for the control group， the other groups used the optimal induction concentration of rh IL-17A to establish psoriasis cell models. After being treated with different drugs， the cell migration levels were detected through scratch assays， and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the relative mRNA expression levels of Ki-67 antigen （Ki67）， S100 calcium-binding protein A7 （S100A7）， S100 calcium-binding protein A8 （S100A8）， and S100 calcium-binding protein A9 （S100A9）， thereby comprehensively evaluating the in vitro anti-psoriasis activity of KFX liquid. By detecting the relative mRNA expression levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and chemokine-20 （CXCL-20） inflammatory-related factors in psoriasis-like HaCaT cells and the protein expression levels of Janus kinase 3 （JAK3）， phosphorylated Janus kinase 3 （p-JAK3）， signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3）， and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （p-STAT3）， the mechanism was explored. ResultsCompared with that of control group， when treated with 80 g·L^-1 KFX liquid for 72 h （P<0.05） and at different times with 160 g·L^-1 KFX liquid， the HaCaT cell proliferation activity was significantly affected （P<0.01）， while the other concentrations of KFX liquid had no significant differences in cell morphology and cell proliferation activity at different times， indicating that the KFX liquid is relatively safe for HaCaT cells and has no obvious toxic side effects. Compared with that of control group， when treated with different concentrations of rh IL-17A for 24 h， the HaCaT cell proliferation activity was significantly enhanced， and the cell activity was the strongest when the concentration was 100 μg·L^-1 （P<0.05）， with a density close to 100% and intact cell morphology， indicating that 100 μg·L^-1 is the optimal concentration for inducing HaCaT cell proliferation. The results of the KFX liquid treatment on rh IL-17A-induced psoriasis-like cells show that the KFX liquid not only effectively inhibits the rh IL-17A-induced psoriasis-like HaCaT cell proliferation activity （P<0.01）， but also significantly reduces the migration ability of rh IL-17A-induced psoriasis-like HaCaT cells （P<0.01）， and the relative mRNA expression levels of Ki67， S100A7， S100A8， and S100A9 （P<0.01）. Moreover， the KFX liquid can significantly reduce the relative mRNA expression levels of IL-1β， IL-6， and CXCL-20 in rh IL-17A-induced psoriasis-like cells （P<0.01）， and significantly inhibit the phosphorylation levels of JAK3 and STAT3 proteins （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe KFX liquid has no obvious toxicity to uninduced HaCaT cells. It can inhibit rh IL-17A-induced psoriasis-like HaCaT cell proliferation， reduce the cell migration ability， and has good in vitro anti-psoriasis activity. Its action mechanism may be related to downregulating the expression levels of inflammation-related cytokines in the JAK3/STAT3 signaling pathway and inhibiting the phosphorylation levels of JAK3 and STAT3 proteins.

Gaucher disease is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder, with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) being a rare complication. Here we present a case of type I Gaucher disease complicated with MPGN to improve the understanding of this disease. For patients presenting with abdominal distension, hepatosplenomegaly and myelofibrosis, Gaucher disease should be considered to avoid misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. The detection of β-glucosidase, genetic mutation analysis and histopathological examination can play crucial roles in the diagnosis of Gaucher disease. Treatment with glucocorticoids combination with immunosuppressants can improve patient's prognosis.

This study proposes a "two-stage" theoretical model for the thermal ablation treatment of thyroid diseases，highlighting its significant value in clinical practice. This theory categorizes thermal ablation treatment into two distinct stages：the treatment intervention stage and the clearance and absorption stage. The treatment intervention stage centers on ablation efficacy，with efficacy quantified by the ablation volume ratio（AVR），which is assessed immediately during the procedure. The clearance and absorption stage focuses on the immune-mediated clearance of necrotic tissue post-operation，with the absorption process characterized by the volume reduction rate（VRR）of the ablation area，evaluated repeatedly over an extended period. Additionally，the study introduces two key concepts：the immediate lesion volume（V 0）prior to ablation and the initial volume（V 1）of the ablation area immediately following the operation. It further develops and optimizes calculation methods for AVR and VRR. By analyzing the essential characteristics of both stages and identifying errors in traditional calculation methods，the study establishes an efficacy evaluation system and an absorption prognosis evaluation framework for thyroid thermal ablation treatment.

BACKGROUND:Urolithin B plays an important role in regulating the body's immune response and has antioxidant,anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties.Notably,urolithin B has been reported to have inhibitory effects on osteoclast differentiation of Raw 264.7 cells.However,a more comprehensive understanding of its specific mechanism of action in the context of osteoclast differentiation in bone is worth exploring.Systematic research on the regulatory mechanisms of osteoclast overactivation can help to explore new therapeutic targets,screen and develop safer and more effective therapeutic drugs,and provide new ideas to block the overactivation of osteoclasts. OBJECTIVE:By establishing an in vitro osteoclast differentiation model using bone marrow-derived macrophages,to investigate the effect of urolithin B on nuclear factor-κB receptor-activating factor ligand-mediated osteoclast differentiation and to systematically analyze its mechanism of action. METHODS:(1)The safe working concentration of urolithin B was screened by cell counting kit-8 method.(2)Different concentrations of urolithin B(0,12.5,25,and 50 μmol/L)were used to intervene with the osteoclast differentiation of bone marrow-derived macrophages,and the number of osteoclasts and the size of osteocytes were observed using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining.(3)Different concentrations of urolithin B(0,12.5,25,and 50 μmol/L)were used to intervene with the osteoclast differentiation of bone marrow-derived macrophages,and the relative expression levels of osteoclast-specific genes were detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.(4)The effect of urolithin B on the P65 and ERK signaling pathways of bone marrow-derived macrophages was observed by western blot.(5)The effect of urolithin B on the key transcription factors nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 and c-Fos in the osteoclastic differentiation of bone marrow-derived macrophages was detected by western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:50 μmol/L or lower concentration of urolithin B had no effect on the proliferation of bone marrow-derived macrophages but significantly inhibited osteoclastic differentiation of bone marrow-derived macrophages.Urolithin B mainly inhibited osteoclastic differentiation of bone marrow-derived macrophages in pre-medium term.Urolithin B down-regulated the relative expression levels of osteoclast specific genes in bone marrow-derived macrophages.50 μmol/L urolithin B inhibited the phosphorylation levels of P65 and ERK in bone marrow-derived macrophages,which led to the inhibition of osteoclast formation.50 μmol/L urolithin B inhibited the expression of key transcription factors nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 and c-Fos in bone marrow-derived macrophages into osteoclasts.To conclude,urolithin B inhibits bone marrow-derived macrophages from differentiating into osteoclasts by suppressing the expression of downstream osteoclastogenic-related signature genes and downregulating the expression of the important osteoclastogenic transcription factors,nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 and c-Fos,via the P65/ERK signaling axis.

BACKGROUND:Currently,methods for obtaining primary intervertebral disc cells are mostly cumbersome and there is a lack of relevant reports on the simultaneous extraction of three types of cells. Therefore,it is crucial to find a method to simultaneously extract three types of cells. OBJECTIVE:To explore a method for simultaneously extracting and culturing three types of intervertebral disc cells from rats,to identify them,and to investigate the effects of monolayer versus micromass cultures on the extracellular matrix. METHODS:The cartilaginous endplate (CEP),nucleus pulposus (NP),and annulus fibrosus (AF) tissues were separated from 3-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rat intervertebral disc tissue. For the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus tissues,0.1％ pronase E was used for 30 minutes of digestion at 37 ℃ followed by 0.2％ collagenase type Ⅱ digestion for 4 hours to release the cells;for the cartilaginous endplate tissue,direct digestion with 0.2％ collagenase type Ⅱ for 4 hours was performed to release the cells. The cells,after removal of the digestion enzymes,were seeded into culture dishes containing culture medium,and their morphology was observed. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and western blot assay were performed to detect the expression levels of various cell markers. Rat primary annulus fibrosus cells and cartilaginous endplate cells were cultured in monolayer or micromass cultures,and Alcian blue and Safranin O staining were used to assess the extracellular matrix expression capability.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After 4 days of culture,all three types of intervertebral disc cells began to adhere to the bottom of the dish and gradually showed proliferative vitality. By the 8th day of culture,significant proliferation of the three types of cells was observed,with a spindle-shaped morphology. Notably,the nucleus pulposus cells exhibited multivesicular notochord-like cells. Through real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and/or western blot assay,it was found that primary nucleus pulposus cells highly expressed Cytokeratin 19 (K19) and Carbonic anhydrase 3 (Car3),primary annulus fibrosus cells highly expressed Secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich (Sparc) and Biglycan (Bgn),and primary cartilaginous endplate cells highly expressed Parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (Pth1r) and Leucyl-tRNA synthetase 2 (Lars2). After micromass culture of primary annulus fibrosus and cartilaginous endplate cells,Alcian blue and Safranin O staining demonstrated that this culture method could enhance the expression capability of the extracellular matrix compared with monolayer culture. These results indicate that primary intervertebral disc cells extracted and cultured by this method have a good morphology and a high level of extracellular matrix expression. This method holds promise as a research tool to aid researchers in understanding the biology of intervertebral discs.

Objectives:To explore the effects of early regular rehabilitation exercise on lumbar function and saggital plane parameters of patients after single-segment posterior lumbar interbody fusion surgery(PLIF).Methods:Using a prospective,contemporaneous,parallel,controlled study design,124 patients who underwent single-segment PLIF for degenerative lumbar spine disease were randomly divided into a rehabilitation group and a control group,with 62 patients in each group.The rehabilitation group consisted of 30 males and 32 females,with a mean age of 54.0±4.8 years old;The control group included 29 males and 33 females,with a mean age of 55.0±5.2 years old.Patients in the rehabilitation group were instructed in regular functional training under the guidance of rehabilitation instructor,while patients in the control group performed function-al exercise on their own.The preoperative,postoperative 1,3,and 6 months'Oswestry disability index(ODI),Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)score,and Barthel scale score were recorded.Drainage and hospitaliza-tion days were recorded,and lumbar lordosis(LL)angle and lumbar arch area(LAA)before operation and at postoperative 3 and 6 months were measured and compared between groups,perioperative complications were recorded,and finally a statistical analysis was performed to compare the differences in treatment effects between the two groups.Results:The ODI,JOA score and Barthel scale score of the rehabilitation group were better than those of the control group at 1 and 3 months after surgery,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in ODI,JOA score and Barthel score between the two groups at 6 months after operation(P＞0.05).There was no statistical difference in the amount of drainage between the two groups(P＞0.05).The number of hospitalization days in the rehabilitation group was less than that in the control group(7.6±0.7d vs 9.7±0.6d,P＜0.05).At 6 months postoperatively,the LL and LLA of patients in the rehabilitation group(51.3°±2.3° and 26.6±1.6mm2)were greater than those of patients in the control group(46.8°±4.2° and 21.5±3.1mm2),and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).As for early postoperative complications,one case of abdominal distension and constipation and one case of hematoma in the operation area were observed in the rehabilitation group;Six cases of abdominal distension,two cases of deep vein thrombosis,one case of lung infection and one case of urinary tract infection were observed in the control group.There was no statistical difference in complications between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions:After single-segment PLIF,early and regular rehabilitation training can shorten the length of hospital stays,reduce perioperative complications,and have a positive effect on the functional recovery and improvement of living ability of patients.

Objectives:To explore the effects of early regular rehabilitation exercise on lumbar function and saggital plane parameters of patients after single-segment posterior lumbar interbody fusion surgery(PLIF).Methods:Using a prospective,contemporaneous,parallel,controlled study design,124 patients who underwent single-segment PLIF for degenerative lumbar spine disease were randomly divided into a rehabilitation group and a control group,with 62 patients in each group.The rehabilitation group consisted of 30 males and 32 females,with a mean age of 54.0±4.8 years old;The control group included 29 males and 33 females,with a mean age of 55.0±5.2 years old.Patients in the rehabilitation group were instructed in regular functional training under the guidance of rehabilitation instructor,while patients in the control group performed function-al exercise on their own.The preoperative,postoperative 1,3,and 6 months'Oswestry disability index(ODI),Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)score,and Barthel scale score were recorded.Drainage and hospitaliza-tion days were recorded,and lumbar lordosis(LL)angle and lumbar arch area(LAA)before operation and at postoperative 3 and 6 months were measured and compared between groups,perioperative complications were recorded,and finally a statistical analysis was performed to compare the differences in treatment effects between the two groups.Results:The ODI,JOA score and Barthel scale score of the rehabilitation group were better than those of the control group at 1 and 3 months after surgery,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in ODI,JOA score and Barthel score between the two groups at 6 months after operation(P＞0.05).There was no statistical difference in the amount of drainage between the two groups(P＞0.05).The number of hospitalization days in the rehabilitation group was less than that in the control group(7.6±0.7d vs 9.7±0.6d,P＜0.05).At 6 months postoperatively,the LL and LLA of patients in the rehabilitation group(51.3°±2.3° and 26.6±1.6mm2)were greater than those of patients in the control group(46.8°±4.2° and 21.5±3.1mm2),and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).As for early postoperative complications,one case of abdominal distension and constipation and one case of hematoma in the operation area were observed in the rehabilitation group;Six cases of abdominal distension,two cases of deep vein thrombosis,one case of lung infection and one case of urinary tract infection were observed in the control group.There was no statistical difference in complications between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions:After single-segment PLIF,early and regular rehabilitation training can shorten the length of hospital stays,reduce perioperative complications,and have a positive effect on the functional recovery and improvement of living ability of patients.

BACKGROUND:Currently,methods for obtaining primary intervertebral disc cells are mostly cumbersome and there is a lack of relevant reports on the simultaneous extraction of three types of cells. Therefore,it is crucial to find a method to simultaneously extract three types of cells. OBJECTIVE:To explore a method for simultaneously extracting and culturing three types of intervertebral disc cells from rats,to identify them,and to investigate the effects of monolayer versus micromass cultures on the extracellular matrix. METHODS:The cartilaginous endplate (CEP),nucleus pulposus (NP),and annulus fibrosus (AF) tissues were separated from 3-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rat intervertebral disc tissue. For the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus tissues,0.1％ pronase E was used for 30 minutes of digestion at 37 ℃ followed by 0.2％ collagenase type Ⅱ digestion for 4 hours to release the cells;for the cartilaginous endplate tissue,direct digestion with 0.2％ collagenase type Ⅱ for 4 hours was performed to release the cells. The cells,after removal of the digestion enzymes,were seeded into culture dishes containing culture medium,and their morphology was observed. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and western blot assay were performed to detect the expression levels of various cell markers. Rat primary annulus fibrosus cells and cartilaginous endplate cells were cultured in monolayer or micromass cultures,and Alcian blue and Safranin O staining were used to assess the extracellular matrix expression capability.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After 4 days of culture,all three types of intervertebral disc cells began to adhere to the bottom of the dish and gradually showed proliferative vitality. By the 8th day of culture,significant proliferation of the three types of cells was observed,with a spindle-shaped morphology. Notably,the nucleus pulposus cells exhibited multivesicular notochord-like cells. Through real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and/or western blot assay,it was found that primary nucleus pulposus cells highly expressed Cytokeratin 19 (K19) and Carbonic anhydrase 3 (Car3),primary annulus fibrosus cells highly expressed Secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich (Sparc) and Biglycan (Bgn),and primary cartilaginous endplate cells highly expressed Parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (Pth1r) and Leucyl-tRNA synthetase 2 (Lars2). After micromass culture of primary annulus fibrosus and cartilaginous endplate cells,Alcian blue and Safranin O staining demonstrated that this culture method could enhance the expression capability of the extracellular matrix compared with monolayer culture. These results indicate that primary intervertebral disc cells extracted and cultured by this method have a good morphology and a high level of extracellular matrix expression. This method holds promise as a research tool to aid researchers in understanding the biology of intervertebral discs.

Gaucher disease is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder, with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) being a rare complication. Here we present a case of type I Gaucher disease complicated with MPGN to improve the understanding of this disease. For patients presenting with abdominal distension, hepatosplenomegaly and myelofibrosis, Gaucher disease should be considered to avoid misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. The detection of β-glucosidase, genetic mutation analysis and histopathological examination can play crucial roles in the diagnosis of Gaucher disease. Treatment with glucocorticoids combination with immunosuppressants can improve patient's prognosis.