Objective:To explore the association between different feeding methods during the first six months after birth and the physical growth of children aged 3 to 5 years.Methods:Data were from the "Taicang and Wuqiang mother-child cohort study"(TAWS) in China. Children were enrolled at birth between November 2016 and September 2020 and followed up at 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24 months, as well as at ages 3 to 5 years. Based on feeding methods within six months of age, children were categorized into an "exclusive breastfeeding group" and a "formula-feeding group". Birth-related information and feeding practices between 8 and 24 months were collected, alongside dietary habits, physical activity, and illness during preschool years. Height and weight of preschool children were measured to calculate height-for-age Z-score (HAZ), weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ), body mass index-for-age Z-score (BAZ), and the rates of stunting, underweight, wasting, overweight, and obesity. After adjusting for demographic factors, birth-related information, feeding practices between 8 to 24 months, preschool dietary habits, physical activity, and health status, multiple linear regression and logistic regression were adopted to analyze the influence of feeding methods within six months of age on the physical growth of children aged 3 to 5 years.Results:A total of 1 233 children were included, comprising 629 boys and 604 girls. The number of children aged 3, 4, and 5 years was 436, 406, and 391, respectively. About 754 children were categorized into the exclusive breastfeeding group and 479 into the formula-feeding group. Children who were introduced to formula milk within six months of age had higher HAZ (0.09±0.99), WAZ (0.24±1.07) and BAZ (0.26±1.11) scores at ages 3 to 5 compared to the exclusive breastfeeding group [HAZ, WAZ, and BAZ were (-0.04±0.92), (0.06±1.02) and (0.11±1.08), respectively]. After adjusting for confounding factors, multiple linear regression analysis showed that the β (95% CI) values for HAZ, WAZ and BAZ in the formula-feeding group were 0.16 (0.06-0.25), 0.17 (0.06-0.29) and 0.15 (0.02-0.27), respectively, compared to the exclusive breastfeeding group. After adjusting for confounding factors, the results of the multivariate logistic regression model indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in the risks of stunting, underweight, wasting, overweight, and obesity during the preschool years between the exclusive breastfeeding group and the formula-feeding group, with OR (95% CI) values of 1.04 (0.41-2.62), 0.99 (0.27-3.57), 1.63 (0.53-4.95), 1.08 (0.66-1.74), and 1.58 (0.70-3.60), respectively. Conclusion:Exclusive breastfeeding within six months of age does not increase the risk of undernutrition (including stunting, underweight or wasting) during preschool years. However, the introduction of formula feeding within six months of age significantly increases the physical growth level of the preschool stage.

This article delves into the importance and urgency of improving the quality of big data on dietary nutrition and chronic diseases within the disease control system. With the continuous rise in the incidence of chronic diseases, enhancing the quality of relevant data has become crucial in addressing public health challenges. The article proposes a series of concrete measures to improve the accuracy, completeness, and usability of the data, drawing on theoretical and technical support. By strengthening data collection, management, analysis, and application, the goal is to establish a high-quality big data system for dietary nutrition and chronic diseases. This will provide solid data support and scientific evidence for formulating targeted prevention and control strategies, supporting policy development, promoting scientific research innovation, and improving public health standards.

Objective:To explore the association between different feeding methods during the first six months after birth and the physical growth of children aged 3 to 5 years.Methods:Data were from the "Taicang and Wuqiang mother-child cohort study"(TAWS) in China. Children were enrolled at birth between November 2016 and September 2020 and followed up at 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24 months, as well as at ages 3 to 5 years. Based on feeding methods within six months of age, children were categorized into an "exclusive breastfeeding group" and a "formula-feeding group". Birth-related information and feeding practices between 8 and 24 months were collected, alongside dietary habits, physical activity, and illness during preschool years. Height and weight of preschool children were measured to calculate height-for-age Z-score (HAZ), weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ), body mass index-for-age Z-score (BAZ), and the rates of stunting, underweight, wasting, overweight, and obesity. After adjusting for demographic factors, birth-related information, feeding practices between 8 to 24 months, preschool dietary habits, physical activity, and health status, multiple linear regression and logistic regression were adopted to analyze the influence of feeding methods within six months of age on the physical growth of children aged 3 to 5 years.Results:A total of 1 233 children were included, comprising 629 boys and 604 girls. The number of children aged 3, 4, and 5 years was 436, 406, and 391, respectively. About 754 children were categorized into the exclusive breastfeeding group and 479 into the formula-feeding group. Children who were introduced to formula milk within six months of age had higher HAZ (0.09±0.99), WAZ (0.24±1.07) and BAZ (0.26±1.11) scores at ages 3 to 5 compared to the exclusive breastfeeding group [HAZ, WAZ, and BAZ were (-0.04±0.92), (0.06±1.02) and (0.11±1.08), respectively]. After adjusting for confounding factors, multiple linear regression analysis showed that the β (95% CI) values for HAZ, WAZ and BAZ in the formula-feeding group were 0.16 (0.06-0.25), 0.17 (0.06-0.29) and 0.15 (0.02-0.27), respectively, compared to the exclusive breastfeeding group. After adjusting for confounding factors, the results of the multivariate logistic regression model indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in the risks of stunting, underweight, wasting, overweight, and obesity during the preschool years between the exclusive breastfeeding group and the formula-feeding group, with OR (95% CI) values of 1.04 (0.41-2.62), 0.99 (0.27-3.57), 1.63 (0.53-4.95), 1.08 (0.66-1.74), and 1.58 (0.70-3.60), respectively. Conclusion:Exclusive breastfeeding within six months of age does not increase the risk of undernutrition (including stunting, underweight or wasting) during preschool years. However, the introduction of formula feeding within six months of age significantly increases the physical growth level of the preschool stage.

This article delves into the importance and urgency of improving the quality of big data on dietary nutrition and chronic diseases within the disease control system. With the continuous rise in the incidence of chronic diseases, enhancing the quality of relevant data has become crucial in addressing public health challenges. The article proposes a series of concrete measures to improve the accuracy, completeness, and usability of the data, drawing on theoretical and technical support. By strengthening data collection, management, analysis, and application, the goal is to establish a high-quality big data system for dietary nutrition and chronic diseases. This will provide solid data support and scientific evidence for formulating targeted prevention and control strategies, supporting policy development, promoting scientific research innovation, and improving public health standards.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection by using the method of two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.Methods:Genetic variation data for NHL came from the Finnish database (FinnGen) Consortium 2021 public genome-wide association study (GWAS) dataset including 1 088 patients with NHL and 299 952 control subjects. The GWAS dataset for chronic HBV infection was derived from GWAS analysis published in 2021, including 145 NHL patients and 351 740 control subjects. NHL was used as an exposure factor, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) significantly associated with NHL was used as an instrumental variable (IV), chronic HBV infection was used as an outcome variable. The two-sample MR analysis was performed by using inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. Chronic HBV infection was taken as an exposure factor, SNP significantly associated with chronic HBV infection was taken as IV, and NHL was taken as outcome variable, and then reverse two-sample MR analysis was performed. The IVW method used the inverse variance of each IV as the weight to fit, and the ratio method was used to measure SNP one by one and make weighted regression analysis, so as to obtain the overall estimate. MR-Egger regression and the weighted median (WME) method were also used to supplement the IVW method. In sensitivity analysis, leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was used to evaluate the impact of a single SNP. Cochran Q test was used to analyze the heterogeneity of the selected IV. MR-Egger regression was used to measure the average horizontal pleiotropy of IV, and the P-value of directivity was calculated. The MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) Global Test was used to exclude possible horizontal pleiotropic outliers and reduce bias. Results:In the leave-one-out sensitivity analysis, SNP with significant effects on causal associations was excluded. In forward MR analysis, IVs were 10 SNPs associated with NHL; the IVW method indicated that there was no causal association between NHL and chronic HBV infection ( OR = 0.979, 95% CI: 0.925-1.036, P = 0.465). MR-Egger regression ( OR = 0.992, 95% CI: 0.926-1.062, P = 0.825) and WME method ( OR = 0.992, 95% CI: 0.934-1.055, P = 0.805) were used as supplementary methods to obtain the consistent results. In sensitivity analysis, Cochran Q test showed no heterogeneity among IVs (IVW method: P = 0.271, MR-Egger regression: P = 0.239). Horizontal pleiotropy was not found in the MR-Egger regression (intercept was -0.01, P = 0.778) and the MR-PRESSO Global Test ( P > 0.05), suggesting robust results. In the reverse MR analysis, IVs were 8 SNPs associated with NHL; the IVW method ( OR = 1.117, 95% CI: 0.942-1.324, P = 0.202) also found no significant causal relationship between chronic HBV infection and NHL; MR-Egger regression ( OR = 0.777, 95% CI: 0.450-1.343, P = 0.401) and WME method ( OR = 1.120, 95% CI: 0.887-1.415, P = 0.351) also showed similar risk estimates. Sensitivity analysis also suggested the consistency and reliability of the results. Cochran Q test showed no heterogeneity among IVs (IVW method: P = 0.775, MR-Egger regression: P = 0.903). Horizontal pleiotropy was not found by MR-Egger regression (intercept was 0.102, P = 0.548) and MR-PRESSO Global Test ( P > 0.05). Conclusions:MR analysis suggests no causal relationship between NHL and chronic HBV infection.

Objective To explore the relationship between triglyceride-glucose index(TyG)and acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion(AIS-LVO)of anterior circulation.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on patients with anterior circulation AIS-LVO who underwent emergency endovascular thrombectomy at Neurovascular Center of The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from Jan.2018 to Dec.2019.According to modified Rankin scale(mRS)score 90 d after operation,the patients were assigned to favorable outcome group(mRS score 0-2)or unfavorable outcome group(mRS score 3-6),and the TyG was compared.According to the median of TyG,the patients were assigned to low-TyG group(TyG＜8.57)or high-TyG group(TyG ≥8.57),and the clinical data,laboratory indexes,and imaging characteristics were compared.Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of TyG for poor prognosis.Results A total of 135 patients were enrolled,with 72 in the favorable outcome group and 63 in the unfavorable outcome group.The TyG of the unfavorable outcome group was significantly higher than that of the favorable outcome group(8.82+0.63 vs 8.43+0.60,P＜0.001).There were 67 patients in the low-TyG group and 68 in the high-TyG group.Compared with the low-TyG group,the proportion of patients with hyperlipidemia history(P=0.003),systolic blood pressure at admission(P=0.018),fasting blood glucose level(P＜0.001),and triglyceride level(P＜0.001)were significantly higher in the high-TyG group,the infarct core volume was significantly larger(P=0.025),the high density lipoprotein-cholesterol level was significantly lower(P=0.013),and the mRS score 90 d after operation was significantly higher(3[1,5]vs 1[0,5],P=0.049).The TyG had certain predictive value for poor prognosis in anterior circulation AIS-LVO patients(area under curve value=0.662,95％confidence interval 0.571-0.753).Conclusion TyG is elevated in anterior circulation AIS-LVO patients with poor prognosis,and may be a potential prognostic indicator for anterior circulation AIS-LVO patients.

A comprehensive understanding of the nutritional composition and active components of human milk are important for promoting infant health. However, in the design and implementation of scientific research on human milk, the lack of standardized research and implementation methods have led to the collection, storage, and testing processes of human milk samples being largely based on reference literature and practical experience. This has resulted in variability in the representativeness of human milk samples and differences in the comparability of research results between different studies. This article summarizes the principles and guidelines for the " Specification for collection and storage of human milk samples for research", published by the Chinese Nutrition Society on December 30, 2022, and discusses the feasibility and importance of standardized management in the process of scientific research on human milk.

Objective:To investigate the safety and risk factors of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) for pancreatic lesions.Methods:Five thousand one hundred and sixty patients who underwent EUS-FNA in the Department of Endoscopy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from January 2012 to December 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. The incidence of adverse events was calculated, and independent risk factors were analyzed by univariate and logistic regression.Results:The incidences of postoperative pancreatitis, intraoperative bleeding and postoperative bleeding were 1.38% (68/4 930), 0.82% (42/5 143) and 0.78% (40/5 143) respectively. No perforation or death occurred. Age >60 years ( OR=0.581, 95% CI: 0.356-0.946, P=0.029), tumor located in the neck, body and tail ( OR=0.355, 95% CI: 0.194-0.652, P=0.001), lesion diameter of >20-40 mm ( OR=0.450, 95% CI: 0.227-0.893, P=0.023), and lesion diameter >40 mm ( OR=0.382, 95% CI: 0.168-0.869, P=0.022) were independent protective factors for postoperative pancreatitis. Transduodenal puncture ( OR=2.435, 95% CI: 1.319-4.496, P=0.005) was an independent risk factor for postoperative pancreatitis. Puncture for 3-4 pass ( OR=0.439,95% CI: 0.235-0.821, P=0.010), lesion diameter of >20-40 mm ( OR=0.154, 95% CI: 0.069-0.341, P<0.001), and lesion diameter >40 mm ( OR=0.326, 95% CI: 0.143-0.743, P=0.008) were independent protective factors for intraoperative bleeding. Fine-needle biopsy (FNB) needle ( OR=2.314, 95% CI: 1.189-4.502, P=0.014) was an independent risk factor for postoperative bleeding. Conclusion:EUS-FNA is a safe procedure with low incidence of adverse events. The occurrence of postoperative pancreatitis and intraoperative bleeding is mainly related to clinical characteristics of the lesion, while postoperative bleeding is related to the type of puncture needle.

Objective:To investigate the factors related to hypothyroidism induced by programmed death(PD)-1 treatment in elderly patients with cancer.Methods:A total of 193 older patients(≥60 years old)with advanced solid tumors who received PD-1 treatment between January 2018 and January 2021 at the Department of Oncology of Xiangyang Central Hospital were included in this study.The patients were divided into two groups based on whether they were diagnosed with hypothyroidism after PD-1 treatment: the hypothyroidism group(36 cases)and the non-hypothyroidism group(157 cases).The clinical data of both groups, including age, gender, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status(ECOG PS), PD-1 inhibitors, thyroid function, and thyroid antibody, were compared to analyze the risk factors associated with hypothyroidism.Results:Among the 193 patients, 36(18.7%)were diagnosed with hypothyroidism.The study found no significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, gender, ECOG PS, tumor type, and PD-1 type(all P>0.05).However, significant differences were observed in the baseline levels of thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)and thyroid antibody subgroups(both P<0.05).The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of baseline anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb)( OR=20.256, 95% CI: 5.709-71.868, P<0.001), the presence of both baseline thyroglobulin antibody(TGAb)and TPOAb( OR=5.853, 95% CI: 1.475-23.227, P=0.012), and an increase in baseline TSH levels( OR=3.065, 95% CI: 1.049-8.959, P=0.041)were identified as risk factors for hypothyroidism induced by PD-1 treatment.On the other hand, there was no significant association between the presence of baseline TGAb and the occurrence of hypothyroidism( OR=1.373, 95% CI: 0.353-5.341, P=0.648). Conclusions:The incidence rate of hypothyroidism induced by PD-1 inhibitors is high among elderly patients with cancer.Additionally, the risk of hypothyroidism is higher in patients with elevated baseline TSH and positive TPOAb.Therefore, it is crucial to remain vigilant for the occurrence of hypothyroidism during PD-1 treatment.Timely diagnosis and treatment of hypothyroidism are necessary to minimize the incidence of adverse events.