With the aging of the global population， osteoporosis （OP） is becoming a major public health concern worldwide. Currently， the commonly used anti-osteoporosis drugs in clinical practice have limited application due to many side effects. Therefore， developing more effective and safer strategies for the prevention and treatment of OP has become a research focus in this field. In recent years， the clinical efficacy and advantages of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in treating OP have been gradually recognized. With the deepening pharmacological research on TCM for OP prevention and treatment， it is found that the active ingredients of Scutellaria baicalensis can promote bone formation or inhibit bone resorption by regulating signaling pathways， including Wnt/β-catenin， osteoprotegerin （OB）/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand （RANKL）/RANK （OPG/RANKL/RANK）， and bone morphogenetic protein 2 （BMP-2）/Smad， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， and mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR）. However， existing research on active ingredients of S. baicalensis for OP treatment is scattered， making it difficult for scholars to gain a systematic understanding of its research and application. This review summarized the literature on the active ingredients of S. baicalensis in OP treatment worldwide， clarified their mechanisms of action， and explored some issues， providing references for the integration of TCM in OP prevention and treatment.

With the aging of the global population， osteoporosis （OP） is becoming a major public health concern worldwide. Currently， the commonly used anti-osteoporosis drugs in clinical practice have limited application due to many side effects. Therefore， developing more effective and safer strategies for the prevention and treatment of OP has become a research focus in this field. In recent years， the clinical efficacy and advantages of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in treating OP have been gradually recognized. With the deepening pharmacological research on TCM for OP prevention and treatment， it is found that the active ingredients of Scutellaria baicalensis can promote bone formation or inhibit bone resorption by regulating signaling pathways， including Wnt/β-catenin， osteoprotegerin （OB）/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand （RANKL）/RANK （OPG/RANKL/RANK）， and bone morphogenetic protein 2 （BMP-2）/Smad， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， and mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR）. However， existing research on active ingredients of S. baicalensis for OP treatment is scattered， making it difficult for scholars to gain a systematic understanding of its research and application. This review summarized the literature on the active ingredients of S. baicalensis in OP treatment worldwide， clarified their mechanisms of action， and explored some issues， providing references for the integration of TCM in OP prevention and treatment.

Objecfive:To investigate the clinical characteristics and surgical management of tumor invasion on recurrent laryngeal nerve at the entrance of larynx in thyroid cancer.Methods:The clinical data of 30 patients with recurrent laryngeal nerve invasion by thyroid cancer from Aug 2012 to Aug 2018 in Cangzhou Central Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into groups A (14 cases ,nerve was invaded at the larynx) and group B (16 cases,nerve was involved in other parts).Results:Between the two groups, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, number of tumor focus, adhesion and infiltration were not statistically different ( P>0.05). The tumor size in group A was smaller ( t=-3.614, P=0.001), the lymph node metastasis rate was lower ( χ2=5.593, P=0.018), and the microcancer rate was higher ( χ2=4.051, P=0.044).Follow up data up to 24 months showed there were no significant difference in postoperative hoarseness , laryngoscope abnormality and recurrence rate between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion:Patients of thyroid cancer with recurrent laryngeal nerve invasion at the larynx had relatively small tumor size, higher proportion of microcancer, lower rate of lymph node metastasiss.

【Objective】 To investigate the feasibility of using surface electromyography （SEMG） for the detection of abnormal muscle response （AMR） in patients with hemifacial spasm （HFS）. 【Methods】 We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of HFS patients who underwent microvascular decompression （MVD） in our hospital between June 2019 and December 2020. Patients who received both surface electrode （preoperative） and needle electrode （intraoperative） detection of AMR were included. SEMG recorded from two stimulation-recording sites， namely， zygomatic-mentalis and mandibular marginal-orbicularis oculi， was selected for analyzing the characteristics of AMR. The positive rates of AMR detected by these two kinds of electrodes were comprehensively compared. 【Results】 Totally 77 patients were included in this study. When detected with surface electrodes， the positive rate， latency and amplitude of AMR recorded at zygomatic-mentalis oculi were 90.9% （70/77）， （10.87±1.86） ms and （202.8±47.4） μV， and at mandibular marginal-orbicularis oculi were 92.2% （71/77）， （10.41±1.83） ms and （211.1±54.1） μV， respectively. AMR was detected in 74 patients （96.1%） with surface electrodes. There was no significant difference in positive rate， latency and amplitude of AMR between these two stimulation-recording methods. When detected with needle electrodes， the positive rate of AMR recorded at zygomatic-mentalis oculi was 98.7% （76/77）， which was significantly higher than the rate 89.6% （69/77） recorded at mandibular marginal-orbicularis oculi （P=0.016）. The latency and amplitude of AMR recorded at zygomatic-mentalis were （10.63±1.39） ms and （83.5±27.2） μV， and at mandibular marginal-orbicularis oculi were （10.31±1.18） ms and （58.6±21.4） μV. There was no significant difference in latency between the two stimulation-recording methods， but the amplitude recorded at mandibular marginal-orbicularis oculi was significantly lower （P=0.041）. AMR was detected in 76 patients （98.7%） with needle electrodes. There was no significant difference in the detection rate of AMR between surface electrodes and needle electrodes （P=0.500）， the results were moderately consistent （Kappa=0.490， P<0.001）. 【Conclusion】 The detection efficiency of surface electrodes for AMR is similar to that of needle electrode. With its non-invasive characteristic， the surface electrode can be routinely used for electrophysiological evaluation of HFS.

Objective:To investigate the effect of jugular tubercle thickness on pathogenesis of hemifacial spasm (HFS) and its curative efficacy by microvascular decompression (MVD).Methods:One hundred and thirty-five HFS patients accepted MVD in our hospital from June 2017 to May 2018 were enrolled in this study. The thickness of the jugular tubercle was measured on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with steady state acquisition (FIESTA) sequence. The differences of jugular tubercle thickness and arterial flow rate from the jugular tubercle to the brainstem between the healthy side and symptomatic side in these patients were compared. These patients were divided into immediate symptom-relief group ( n=112) and symptom residual group ( n=23) according to the symptom relief one d after MVD; the difference of jugular tubercle thickness between the two groups were compared. Results:No significant difference in the jugular tubercle thickness was noted between the healthy side and the symptomatic side in all 135 patients ( t=0.787, P=0.432). The arterial flow rate from the jugular tubercle to the brainstem in the symptomatic side (95.6%) was significantly higher than that in the healthy side (57.0%, P<0.05). The jugular tubercle thickness in the symptomatic residual group ([5.13±2.19] mm) was significantly higher than that in the immediate symptom-relief group ([4.03±1.16] mm, t=2.114, P=0.0396). Conclusion:The thickness of jugular tubercle is not associated with HFS onset, but may affect the immediate outcome of MVD.

The quality control process throughout the Ebola virus nucleic acid detection in Sierra Leone-China Friendship Biological Safety Laboratory (SLE-CHN Biosafety Lab) was described in detail, in order to comprehensively display the scientific, rigorous, accurate and efficient practice in detection of Ebola virus of first batch detection team in SLE-CHN Biosafety Lab. Firstly, the key points of laboratory quality control system was described, including the managements and organizing, quality control documents and information management, instrument, reagents and supplies, assessment, facilities design and space allocation, laboratory maintenance and biosecurity. Secondly, the application of quality control methods in the whole process of the Ebola virus detection, including before the test, during the test and after the test, was analyzed. The excellent and professional laboratory staffs, the implementation of humanized management are the cornerstone of the success; High-level biological safety protection is the premise for effective quality control and completion of Ebola virus detection tasks. And professional logistics is prerequisite for launching the laboratory diagnosis of Ebola virus. The establishment and running of SLE-CHN Biosafety Lab has landmark significance for the friendship between Sierra Leone and China, and the lab becomes the most important base for Ebola virus laboratory testing in Sierra Leone.
China ; Ebolavirus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola ; diagnosis ; virology ; Humans ; Laboratories ; manpower ; standards ; Laboratory Infection ; Quality Control ; RNA, Viral ; genetics ; Sierra Leone

Human enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the major etiological agents for the hand, foot, and month disease (HFMD) and is causing frequent, widespread occurrence in the mainland of China. The single positive-stranded RNA genome of EV71 is translated into a single polyprotein which is autocleavaged into structural and nonstructural proteins. The functions of many nonstructural proteins characterized in the life cycle of virus are potential targets for blocking viral replication. This article reviews the studies of the structures and functions of nonstructural proteins of EV71 and the anti-enterovirus 71 drugs targeting on these nonstructural proteins.

ObjectiveTo investigate the molecular mechanism of prostaglandins E2 ( PGE2 ) in promoting bone formation by detecting the changes of gene expression profiles of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts treated with PGE2. MethodsThe genes with differential expression in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts treated with 10 μmol/L PGE2 for 30 minutes were performed by gene chip technology. Several major genes during bone regeneration were selected for Western blot analysis. ResultsAfter co-culture of MC3T3-E1 cells with PGE2 at concentration of 10 μmol/L for 30 min, 276 genes were up-regulated, including bone regeneration related MMD (monocyte to macrophage differentiation associated), NR4A2 (nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 2), BMP-7 ( bone morphogenetic protein-7), POSTN ( periostin, osteoblast specific factor) and catenin (cadherin-associated protein) genes; and 168 genes were down-regulated,including bone regeneration related Idl ,2,3 ( inhibitor of DNA binding 1,2,3 ) genes. Western blot analysis indicated that the expressions of nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 and BMP-7 protein in the osteoblasts treated with 10 μmol/l PGE2 were apparently higher ( P ＜ 0. Ol ) than that of the controls, whereas the ld2 expression decreased (P ＜0. O1 ) under the same conditions, which was almost the same as the results of gene chip technology. ConclusionsWith the results of gene chip and Western blot, it can be speculated that the PGE 2 firstly activates the nuclear receptor NR4A2 and then the nuclear transcription factor NF-κB, induces the changes of the downstream gene BMP-7 and Id2 expression and finally results in the differentiation of the osteoblasts and promote the bone regeneration.

The cyclotides are a family of cyclic "mini" proteins that occur in Violaceae, Rubiaceae and Cucurbitaceae plant families and contain a head-to-tail cyclic backbone and a cystine knot arranged by three disulfide bonds. To study the natural cyclotides of V tianshanica, dried herb was extracted with 50% ethanol, and the concentrated aqueous extract was subjected to a solvent-solvent partitioning between water and hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol, separately. The n-butanol extract containing cyclotides was subjected to column chromatography over Sephadex LH-20, eluted with 30% methanol. The subfractions were directly reduced by DTT and analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC. The peaks with different retention times were shown on the profile of RP-HPLC and collected. The cyclotides were speculated based on masses range from 3 000 to 3 500 Da. The purified cyclotides were reduced with DTT, alkylated with iodoacetamide, and then were cleaved with endoproteinase Glu-C, endoproteinase Lys-C and Trypsin, separately. The digested peptides were purified on RP-HPLC and analyzed on MALDI TOF/TOF analyzer. A new cyclotide, cycloviolacin T1 and a reported cyclotide varv E were systemically determined using MALDI TOF/TOF system. So the method for the isolation and characterization of cyclotides was quickly built up in succession.

Objective To investigate the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum(LP)on intestinal flora and bacterial translocation in mice with spontaneous inflammatory bowel disease(IBD). Methods Interleukin 10 knockout mice(IL-10~(-/-))were used as models of IBD.Eight-week old female mice were randomized to control group, IL-10~(-/-)group and IL-10~(-/-)+LP group.IL-10~(-/-)+LP group received 0.5 mL LP(1.0×10~9CFU/mL)per day for 4 weeks,and the other groups received 0.5 mL Ringer buffer.Intestinal flora including Bifidobacteria,Lactobacilli,Enterobacteriaceae and Clostridium perfringens in the feces and bacterial translocation in mesenteric lymph nodes and spleens were detected. Results The contents of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli significantly decreased in the intestine of IL-10~(-/-)mice,while those of Enterobacteriaceae and Clostridium perfringens significantly increased,and the bacterial translocation significantly increased.Four weeks after LP treatment, the disturbed intestinal flora was restored, and the bacterial translocation decreased. Conclusion LP administration can modulate the imbalance of intestinal flora and decrease the bacterial translocation,thus enhance intestinal barrier function in mice with IBD.