In modern society, sugary foods have become an integral part of many people′s lives. However, excessive sugar consumption has adverse effects on both overall health and oral health, serving as a contributing factor to the global increasing incidence in oral diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, obesity, and diabetes. In response to the health risks related to high-sugar diets, the World Health Organization (WHO) and World Dental Federation (FDI) have proposed initiatives and recommendations, with various governments implementing different policies and strategies to reduce sugar intake. Chinese government has also taken proactive measures. The "Healthy China Action (2019-2030)" initiative introduced by the State Council in 2019 established a crucial benchmark in limiting the average daily intake of added sugar to 25 g per person forward to 2030. Experts from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the field of oral health have meticulously examined the impacts of sugar reduction on oral health, as well as strategies, methods, and practical considerations related to reducing sugar intake through several meeting and wrote the "Expert consensus: reducing free-sugar for caries prevention", which was subsequently reviewed and revised based on the feedback from multiple stakeholders. They have conducted thorough analyses of global trends in sugar reduction and best practices to provide valuable insights to China for crafting effective policies and strategies on sugar reduction. This consensus mainly includes the classification of free sugars, the latest scientific evidence on dental caries, recommendations from WHO on sugar-sweetened beverage taxes, nutrition labeling, advertising, food reform, adjusting supply systems, education, and promotion strategies, as well as sugar reduction actions taken by various governments around the world. Combining the actual situation in China, policy recommendations and authoritative popular science knowledge on sugar reduction for caries prevention to public are proposed to advocate for experts in multiple fields to focus on sugar reduction for caries prevention, promote the work process, and provide the scientific basis for oral health educators.

In modern society, sugary foods have become an integral part of many people′s lives. However, excessive sugar consumption has adverse effects on both overall health and oral health, serving as a contributing factor to the global increasing incidence in oral diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, obesity, and diabetes. In response to the health risks related to high-sugar diets, the World Health Organization (WHO) and World Dental Federation (FDI) have proposed initiatives and recommendations, with various governments implementing different policies and strategies to reduce sugar intake. Chinese government has also taken proactive measures. The "Healthy China Action (2019-2030)" initiative introduced by the State Council in 2019 established a crucial benchmark in limiting the average daily intake of added sugar to 25 g per person forward to 2030. Experts from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the field of oral health have meticulously examined the impacts of sugar reduction on oral health, as well as strategies, methods, and practical considerations related to reducing sugar intake through several meeting and wrote the "Expert consensus: reducing free-sugar for caries prevention", which was subsequently reviewed and revised based on the feedback from multiple stakeholders. They have conducted thorough analyses of global trends in sugar reduction and best practices to provide valuable insights to China for crafting effective policies and strategies on sugar reduction. This consensus mainly includes the classification of free sugars, the latest scientific evidence on dental caries, recommendations from WHO on sugar-sweetened beverage taxes, nutrition labeling, advertising, food reform, adjusting supply systems, education, and promotion strategies, as well as sugar reduction actions taken by various governments around the world. Combining the actual situation in China, policy recommendations and authoritative popular science knowledge on sugar reduction for caries prevention to public are proposed to advocate for experts in multiple fields to focus on sugar reduction for caries prevention, promote the work process, and provide the scientific basis for oral health educators.

OBJECTIVE To establish the estimation model for the exposure of mycophenolic acid （MPA） in early renal transplant recipients [calculated by the area under the plasma concentration-time curve with 12 h （AUC0－12 h）]. METHODS Twenty kidney transplant recipients， who received triple immunosuppressive therapy of mycophenolate mofetil （MMF）+tacrolimus+ methylprednisolone， were selected and given MMF dispersible tablets （750 mg， q12 h） on the 15th day after the operation； the blood samples were collected from the patients before and 0.5， 1.0， 1.5， 2.0， 3.0， 4.0， 6.0， 8.0， 12.0 hours after the administration， respectively. The blood concentration of MPA was determined， and the pharmacokinetic parameters of MPA were calculated. The multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis method was used to fit an estimation formula for the finite sampling method suitable for MPA-AUC0－12 h of the recipients. Bland-Altman analysis was used to evaluate the agreement between the estimation formula and the classical pharmacokinetic method. RESULTS The main pharmacokinetic parameters of MPA in 20 renal transplant recipients： c0 was （1.53±0.84） μg/mL， cmax was （12.07±5.97） μg/mL， t1/2 was （5.41±3.67） h， tmax was （1.58±0.75） h， and the average AUC0－12 h calculated by the classical pharmacokinetic method was （33.95±13.40） μg·h/mL. MPA-AUC0－12 h was estimated with sampling points of “4.0， 8.0， 12.0 h”； the simplified calculation formula was AUC0－12 h＝12.058+2.819c4.0+7.045c8.0+ 3.879c12.0 （R 2＝0.934）. The predicted value had a good correlation and consistency with the measured value， and 95.0% of predicted values did not exceed the x±1.96SD （standard deviation） range. CONCLUSIONS The estimation model is established successfully for the exposure of MPA in early renal transplant recipients； the model has better prediction accuracy and fewer sampling points.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of distal rectal transection by using transanterior obturator nerve gateway (TANG) in laparoscopic radical resection for lower rectal cancers. Methods: A descriptive case series study was performed. Inclusion criteria: (1) patients with primary rectal adenocarcinoma, with the distance of 3-5 cm from tumor to anal verge, with normal anal function before surgery and a desire to preserve anus; (2) laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer was performed and the distal rectum was transected using TANG approach. Exclusion criteria: (1) patients with distant metastasis or receiving palliative surgery; (2) the distal rectum was transected using non-TANG approach; (3) patients receiving combined multiple organs resection; (4) patients complicated with other tumors requiring additional treatment during the study. Clinicopathological data of 50 patients with low rectal cancer undergoing laparoscopic resection using TANG approach between January 2019 and December 2020 in Peking University First Hospital were retrospectively collected. Perioperative conditions, length of specific pelvic lines, additional angle and postoperative short-term outcomes were observed and described. Additional angle was defined as the angle between the simulated stapling line with the traditional approach and the real stapling line with the TANG approach. Data following normal distribution were presented as Mean±SD, or M [quartile range (Q(R))] otherwise. Results: All the patients successfully completed laparoscopic surgery without transferring to open or transanal surgery. The median operative time was 193 (80) min and blood loss was 50 (58) ml. All tumors received R0 resection with the distance from the tumor to distal resection margin of 1.7 (0.4) cm and the anastomotic height of 2.0 (0.1) cm. Rectal transection was completed by one cartridge in 52.0% of the cases (26/50) and two cartridges in 48.0% (24/50). Length of the stapling line was 6.6 (1.5) cm. The time to construct the gateway was 8.0 (6.0) min. The vessel damage occurred in 4.0% of the cases (2/50) and none of the cases encountered obturator nerve damage. Inlets of the pelvis in TANG and traditional approach were (9.9±1.3) cm vs. (7.2±1.1) cm (t=24.781, P<0.001). Additional angle of TANG was (15±2) °. The transecting positions on the midline and right edge of the rectum specimen by TANG were 0.6 (0.2) cm and 1.0 (0.2) cm lower than those by the traditional approach. One case (2.0%) died of pulmonary infection on the 17th day after surgery, 2 cases (4.0%) received re-operation and 14 cases (28.0%) had postoperative complications, including anastomotic leakage (7/50, 14.0%), urinary retention (6/50, 12.0%), pelvic infection (2/50, 4.0%) and ileus (2/50, 4.0%). The median postoperative hospital stay was 12 (6) days. Conclusions: Laparoscopic distal rectal transection by using TANG approach is safe and effective in the treatment of low rectal cancer. As an alternative rectal transecting method, TANG has advantages especially for the obese and those with a contracted pelvis and ultralow rectal cancers.
Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Obturator Nerve ; Rectal Neoplasms/surgery* ; Rectum/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To construct nomogram to predict the risk of bone metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Methods: The clinical data of NSCLC patients diagnosed in the hospital were retrospectively analyzed, including the occurrence of bone metastasis, age, gender, pathological type, smoking status, PS score, TN stage, metastasis of other sites before bone metastasis, carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) level, alpha fetoprotein(AFP) level, serum calcium(Ca2+), serum phosphorus(P), alkaline phosphatase(ALP) level, which were determined by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC) and decision curve analysis were used, DCA was used to verify the accuracy and clinical benefit of the model, and nomogram was used to visualize the model. Results: Area under the ROC curve(AUC) showed that in the modeling group(n=138) and the validation group(n=92), the AUC value predicted by combined indicators(age, gender, pathological type, CEA, ALP)(modeling group=0.792, validation group=0.629) was higher than that predicted by single indicator. Conclusion The prediction model constructed in this study has good effect and can provide reference for clinical screening of high-risk patients with bone metastasis of NSCLC.

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is an autosomal codominant genetic disease characterized by low levels of alpha-1 antitrypsin in the blood. Clinically, in young patients, it mainly manifests as emphysema, acute/chronic liver injury and liver cancer. The treatment methods include symptomatic treatment and alpha -1 antitrypsin supplementation. However, the existing treatment cannot prevent the liver fibrosis progression. At present, more than ten cases of the disease have been reported in China, but the understanding of this disease is still indecisive. Moreover, there exists no biotherapy drug for this disorder. This article introduces the research progress of hepatocyte transplantation treatment for this disorder.

Excessive salt intake is an important risk factor of diseases such as hypertension, stroke, and stomach cancer. China is one of countries with high salt intake in the world. Recently, the intake of sodium from pre-packaged foods in China has been increasing, and the situation of salt control is rigorous. Based on the summary of the domestic and international experience of salt reduction, the "Guidelines for Salt Reduction in Chinese Food Industry" presents the basic principles, targets at different stages within various categories, technical routes, steps and measures, and social environment co-construction of salt reduction in Chinese food industry. This article focuses on the background, basis, process, key content and promotion of the guideline. The implementation of this guideline will contribute to the vigorous advancement of salt reduction action in Chinese food industry.

Objective: To investigate the clinical value of gallbladder-preserving cholelithotomy by natural orifice transumbilical endoscopic surgery on patients with cholecystolithiasis. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on data of 15 patients with cholecystolithiasis, who underwent gallbladder-preserving cholelithotomy by natural orifice transumbilical endoscopic surgery from April 2018 to July 2018. The operative data, including situation of operation, operative time, intraoperative hemorrhage, and postoperative complications were recorded. Results: The procedure was performed successfully in all patients with a mean operative time of 108±12 min (ranged from 92-129 min). The intraoperative hemorrhage was 10-30 mL. Eight patients suffered from slight right upper abdominal pain, and 7 patients felt slight pain in umbilical a week after surgery. No fever, incision infection, umbilical hemia, peritonitis, and ascites were reported. The clear-liquid diet was recommended for one day after operation, and postoperative activity was allowed since the second day after operation. All patients were discharged on the fourth or fifth day, and all recovered to their normal life at one week after discharge. Follow-up showed that the scar was small and hidden in umbilical without visible incision after one month. Ultrasonic examination results showed that gallbladder contractile function worked perfectly in four patients and no gallbladder stone was found after three months. Conclusion Gallbladder-preserving cholelithotomy by natural orifice transumbilical endoscopic surgery is a safe and effective option for patients with cholecystolithiasis, provides excellent cosmetic outcomes, and can be appropriately carried out under the strict control of surgical indications.

Excessive salt intake is an important risk factor of diseases such as hypertension, stroke, and stomach cancer. China is one of countries with high salt intake in the world. Recently, the intake of sodium from pre?packaged foods in China has been increasing, and the situation of salt control is rigorous. Based on the summary of the domestic and international experience of salt reduction, the "Guidelines for Salt Reduction in Chinese Food Industry" presents the basic principles, targets at different stages within various categories, technical routes, steps and measures, and social environment co?construction of salt reduction in Chinese food industry. This article focuses on the background, basis, process, key content and promotion of the guideline. The implementation of this guideline will contribute to the vigorous advancement of salt reduction action in Chinese food industry.

Excessive salt intake is an important risk factor of diseases such as hypertension, stroke, and stomach cancer. China is one of countries with high salt intake in the world. Recently, the intake of sodium from pre?packaged foods in China has been increasing, and the situation of salt control is rigorous. Based on the summary of the domestic and international experience of salt reduction, the "Guidelines for Salt Reduction in Chinese Food Industry" presents the basic principles, targets at different stages within various categories, technical routes, steps and measures, and social environment co?construction of salt reduction in Chinese food industry. This article focuses on the background, basis, process, key content and promotion of the guideline. The implementation of this guideline will contribute to the vigorous advancement of salt reduction action in Chinese food industry.