Objective To examine the expression levels of inflammatory factors,including IL-6,IL-10,MMP-9,IL-17A,and LDH,in the cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemor-rhage(sICH),and to investigate their associations with disease severity and clinical outcomes.Methods A total of 168 patients with sICH admitted to Tangshan GongRen Hospital between January 2023 and January 2025 were prospectively enrolled as the study group,while 30 non-sICH patients who underwent lumbar puncture during the same period served as the control group.Levels of inflammatory factors in CSF were compared between the two groups.Spearman's rank correlation analysis was performed to assess the association between inflammatory factor levels and clinical severity in sICH patients.Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent predictors of sICH prognosis.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was employed to evaluate the prognostic value of these inflammatory factors in sICH.Results The levels of IL-6,IL-10,MMP-9,IL-17A,and LDH in the CSF of patients with sICH were significantly higher than those in non-sICH patients(all P<0.05).Furthermore,among sICH patients,these biomarker levels exhibited a graded increase according to disease severity:severe>moderate>mild(all P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations between CSF levels of IL-6,IL-10,MMP-9,IL-17A,and LDH and the NIHSS scores,with correlation coefficients(r)of 0.686,0.553,0.685,0.593,and 0.695,respectively(all P<0.05).When comparing the prognoses of sICH patients,hematoma size,NIHSS score,and CSF levels of IL-6,IL-10,MMP-9,IL-17A,and LDH were significantly higher in the deceased group than in the survival group(P<0.05),whereas ApoA1 levels were lower in the deceased group(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis revealed that hematoma size,NIHSS score,and elevated CSF levels of IL-6,IL-10,MMP-9,IL-17A,and LDH were independent risk factors for mortality in sICH patients(P<0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC values for CSF IL-6,IL-10,MMP-9,IL-17A,and LDH in predicting sICH prognosis were 0.794,0.754,0.670,0.717,and 0.683,respectively.Notably,the combination of CSF inflammatory markers with hematoma size and NIHSS score yielded an AUC of 0.993,demonstrating significantly greater predictive accuracy than CSF inflammatory markers alone(P<0.05).Conclusions The levels of inflammatory factors in the CSF,including IL-6,IL-10,MMP-9,IL-17A,and LDH,were elevated in patients with sICH and positively correlated with disease severity.Combining CSF inflammatory markers with the NIHSS score and hematoma size improved the predictive accuracy for sICH prognosis.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment approaches and prognosis of primary hepatic angiosarcoma (PHA).Methods:Clinical data of 15 PHA patients treated at the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College between January 2005 and April 2024 were retrospectively analyzed, including three females and 12 males, aged (59.4±11.9) years. Clinical manifestations, tumor characteristics, and survival outcomes were summarized. Kaplan Meier method was used to plot survival curves.Results:The clinical manifestations and tumor markers of the patients were non-specific, and the lesion sizes varied. The diagnosis was confirmed by pathology, and immunohistochemical staining showed positive expression of vimentin, endothelial cell markers CD31, and CD34 in most of the tested patients (seen on 9/11, 8/11, and 7/11, respectively). Patients were followed up for 2-234 months. Eight patients died at the last follow-up. The median overall survival of the patients was 42.37 months, and the cumulative survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 66.7%, 59.3%, and 44.4%, respectively.Conclusion:The clinical features of PHA lack specificity, and diagnosis relies on pathology and immunohistochemistry. Surgical resection remains the treatment of choice. For advanced-staged patients, actively exploring effective comprehensive therapeutic strategies holds promise for extending overall survival.

Objective To examine the expression levels of inflammatory factors,including IL-6,IL-10,MMP-9,IL-17A,and LDH,in the cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemor-rhage(sICH),and to investigate their associations with disease severity and clinical outcomes.Methods A total of 168 patients with sICH admitted to Tangshan GongRen Hospital between January 2023 and January 2025 were prospectively enrolled as the study group,while 30 non-sICH patients who underwent lumbar puncture during the same period served as the control group.Levels of inflammatory factors in CSF were compared between the two groups.Spearman's rank correlation analysis was performed to assess the association between inflammatory factor levels and clinical severity in sICH patients.Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent predictors of sICH prognosis.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was employed to evaluate the prognostic value of these inflammatory factors in sICH.Results The levels of IL-6,IL-10,MMP-9,IL-17A,and LDH in the CSF of patients with sICH were significantly higher than those in non-sICH patients(all P<0.05).Furthermore,among sICH patients,these biomarker levels exhibited a graded increase according to disease severity:severe>moderate>mild(all P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations between CSF levels of IL-6,IL-10,MMP-9,IL-17A,and LDH and the NIHSS scores,with correlation coefficients(r)of 0.686,0.553,0.685,0.593,and 0.695,respectively(all P<0.05).When comparing the prognoses of sICH patients,hematoma size,NIHSS score,and CSF levels of IL-6,IL-10,MMP-9,IL-17A,and LDH were significantly higher in the deceased group than in the survival group(P<0.05),whereas ApoA1 levels were lower in the deceased group(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis revealed that hematoma size,NIHSS score,and elevated CSF levels of IL-6,IL-10,MMP-9,IL-17A,and LDH were independent risk factors for mortality in sICH patients(P<0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC values for CSF IL-6,IL-10,MMP-9,IL-17A,and LDH in predicting sICH prognosis were 0.794,0.754,0.670,0.717,and 0.683,respectively.Notably,the combination of CSF inflammatory markers with hematoma size and NIHSS score yielded an AUC of 0.993,demonstrating significantly greater predictive accuracy than CSF inflammatory markers alone(P<0.05).Conclusions The levels of inflammatory factors in the CSF,including IL-6,IL-10,MMP-9,IL-17A,and LDH,were elevated in patients with sICH and positively correlated with disease severity.Combining CSF inflammatory markers with the NIHSS score and hematoma size improved the predictive accuracy for sICH prognosis.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment approaches and prognosis of primary hepatic angiosarcoma (PHA).Methods:Clinical data of 15 PHA patients treated at the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College between January 2005 and April 2024 were retrospectively analyzed, including three females and 12 males, aged (59.4±11.9) years. Clinical manifestations, tumor characteristics, and survival outcomes were summarized. Kaplan Meier method was used to plot survival curves.Results:The clinical manifestations and tumor markers of the patients were non-specific, and the lesion sizes varied. The diagnosis was confirmed by pathology, and immunohistochemical staining showed positive expression of vimentin, endothelial cell markers CD31, and CD34 in most of the tested patients (seen on 9/11, 8/11, and 7/11, respectively). Patients were followed up for 2-234 months. Eight patients died at the last follow-up. The median overall survival of the patients was 42.37 months, and the cumulative survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 66.7%, 59.3%, and 44.4%, respectively.Conclusion:The clinical features of PHA lack specificity, and diagnosis relies on pathology and immunohistochemistry. Surgical resection remains the treatment of choice. For advanced-staged patients, actively exploring effective comprehensive therapeutic strategies holds promise for extending overall survival.

Up to half of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in China are diagnosed at an advanced stage and often with a dismal prognosis.More effective treatment strategies are mandatory.In recent years,the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and anti-angiogenic targeted therapy has shown a promising treatment effect in advanced HCC with prolonged survival of patients,which also offered an opportunity for sequential curative surgery.Sequential curative hepatectomy or liver transplantation following conversion therapy brings survival benefits to patients.Aiming to improve the long-term survival of overall population with liver cancer and contribute to the goal of a 15%increase in the 5-year survival of overall cancer patients outlined in the"Healthy China 2030"blueprints,the Professional Committee for Prevention and Control of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Chinese Preventive Medicine Association,Chinese Society of Liver Cancer,and the Liver Study Group of Surgery Committee of Beijing Medical Association organized in-depth discussions among relevant domestic experts.These discussions focus on the latest progress since the release of Chinese expert consensus on conversion therapy of immune checkpoint inhibitors combined antiangiogenic targeted drugs for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(2021 edition)and have reached new consensus on the modifications and supplements to some key points.This consensus aims to further guide clinical practice,standardize medical protocol,and usher the new development in liver surgery.

Objective:To investigate the sensitivity of tumor organoids derived from samples of colorectal cancer to lobaplatin and oxaliplatin hyperthermic perfusion in vitro and to assist clinical development of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Method:Tumor samples and relevant clinical data were collected from patients with pathologically confirmed colorectal cancer in the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from July 2021 to December 2022. Organoids were cultured and tumor tissue were passaged. In vitro hyperthermic perfusion experiments were performed on organoids with good viability. Firstly, 10 organoids were treated with oxaliplatin and lobaplatin at the following six concentrations: 1 000, 250, 62.5, 15.6, 3.9, and 0.98 μmol/L. The organoids were exposed to oxaliplatin at 42℃ for 30 minutes and to lobaplatin at 42℃ for 60 minutes. Dose-response curves of responses to in vitro hyperthermic perfusion with these two drugs were constructed and evaluated. Clinical doses of oxaliplatin and lobaplatin were further tested on 30 organoids. This testing revealed oxaliplatin was effective at 579 μmol/L at a hyperthermic perfusion temperature of 42℃ for 30 min and lobaplatin was effective at 240 μmol/L at a hyperthermic perfusion temperature of 42℃ for 60 minutes. Result:Thirty-two tumor organoids were cultured from samples of colorectal cancer. The median concentration required for oxaliplatin to eliminate 50% of tumor cells (IC50) was 577.45 μmol/L (IQR: 1846.09 μmol/L). The median IC50 for lobaplatin was 85.04 μmol/L (IQR: 305.01 μmol/L).The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant ( Z=1.784, P=0.084). In seven of 10 organoids, lobaplatin showed a greater IC50 after in vitro hyperthermic perfusion than did oxaliplatin. Testing of 30 organoids with clinical doses of oxaliplatin and lobaplatin revealed that oxaliplatin achieved an average inhibition rate of 39.6% (95%CI: 32.1%?47.0%), whereas the average rate of inhibition for lobaplatin was 89.7% (95%CI: 87.0%?92.3%): this difference is statistically significant ( t=?15.282, P<0.001). Conclusion:The rate of inhibition achieved by hyperthermic perfusion of lobaplatin in vitro is better than that achieved by hyperthermic perfusion with oxaliplatin. Lobaplatin is more effective than oxaliplatin when administered by hyperthermic intraperitoneal perfusion and therefore has the potential to replace oxaliplatin in this setting.

This article explores the standardized management of colorectal polyps, including classification, treatment, follow-up, and preventive control. Corresponding treatment strategies, including endoscopic resection and surgical intervention, are employed for different types of polyps. Currently, there is debate over whether to choose endoscopic resection or surgical intervention for malignant polyps at pT1 stage. Drawing on the latest literature and guidelines, the article elaborates on polyp classification, treatment modalities, follow-up, and preventive measures. Standardized management of colorectal polyps is important for reducing the incidence of colorectal cancer and improving the cure rate of early-stage colorectal cancer.

Objective:To investigate the sensitivity of tumor organoids derived from samples of colorectal cancer to lobaplatin and oxaliplatin hyperthermic perfusion in vitro and to assist clinical development of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Method:Tumor samples and relevant clinical data were collected from patients with pathologically confirmed colorectal cancer in the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from July 2021 to December 2022. Organoids were cultured and tumor tissue were passaged. In vitro hyperthermic perfusion experiments were performed on organoids with good viability. Firstly, 10 organoids were treated with oxaliplatin and lobaplatin at the following six concentrations: 1 000, 250, 62.5, 15.6, 3.9, and 0.98 μmol/L. The organoids were exposed to oxaliplatin at 42℃ for 30 minutes and to lobaplatin at 42℃ for 60 minutes. Dose-response curves of responses to in vitro hyperthermic perfusion with these two drugs were constructed and evaluated. Clinical doses of oxaliplatin and lobaplatin were further tested on 30 organoids. This testing revealed oxaliplatin was effective at 579 μmol/L at a hyperthermic perfusion temperature of 42℃ for 30 min and lobaplatin was effective at 240 μmol/L at a hyperthermic perfusion temperature of 42℃ for 60 minutes. Result:Thirty-two tumor organoids were cultured from samples of colorectal cancer. The median concentration required for oxaliplatin to eliminate 50% of tumor cells (IC50) was 577.45 μmol/L (IQR: 1846.09 μmol/L). The median IC50 for lobaplatin was 85.04 μmol/L (IQR: 305.01 μmol/L).The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant ( Z=1.784, P=0.084). In seven of 10 organoids, lobaplatin showed a greater IC50 after in vitro hyperthermic perfusion than did oxaliplatin. Testing of 30 organoids with clinical doses of oxaliplatin and lobaplatin revealed that oxaliplatin achieved an average inhibition rate of 39.6% (95%CI: 32.1%?47.0%), whereas the average rate of inhibition for lobaplatin was 89.7% (95%CI: 87.0%?92.3%): this difference is statistically significant ( t=?15.282, P<0.001). Conclusion:The rate of inhibition achieved by hyperthermic perfusion of lobaplatin in vitro is better than that achieved by hyperthermic perfusion with oxaliplatin. Lobaplatin is more effective than oxaliplatin when administered by hyperthermic intraperitoneal perfusion and therefore has the potential to replace oxaliplatin in this setting.

This article explores the standardized management of colorectal polyps, including classification, treatment, follow-up, and preventive control. Corresponding treatment strategies, including endoscopic resection and surgical intervention, are employed for different types of polyps. Currently, there is debate over whether to choose endoscopic resection or surgical intervention for malignant polyps at pT1 stage. Drawing on the latest literature and guidelines, the article elaborates on polyp classification, treatment modalities, follow-up, and preventive measures. Standardized management of colorectal polyps is important for reducing the incidence of colorectal cancer and improving the cure rate of early-stage colorectal cancer.