Military hospital preparation rooms are an important part of military medical institutions and have played an important role in military pharmacy support in history. However, with the development of science and technology, the improvement of domestic pharmaceutical production and innovation capabilities, and the adjustment of the military establishment and system, the establishment structure, functional tasks, and business forms of military medical institutions have undergone significant changes. The historical evolution of military preparation rooms were reviewed, the current situation were analyzed and the development challenges faced were identified. It was also explored how military hospital preparation rooms, as an important link in military pharmaceutical support, can face new situations and adapt to new forms of warfare. By enhancing the military efficiency of preparation rooms, it could play a greater role in improving medical support capabilities and enhancing the combat effectiveness of troops.

ObjectiveTo compare the clinical features of patients with hepatitis B virus （HBV）-related early-onset liver cancer and those with late-onset liver cancer， to assess the severity of the disease， and to provide a theoretical basis for the early diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for 695 patients who were diagnosed with HBV-related liver cancer for the first time in Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital， Guangzhou Medical University， from January 2019 to August 2023， among whom 93 had early-onset liver cancer （defined as an age of50 years for female patients and40 years for male patients） and 602 had late-onset liver cancer （defined as an age of ≥50 years for female patients and ≥40 years for male patients）. Related clinical data were collected， including demographic data， clinical symptoms at initial diagnosis， comorbidities， smoking history， drinking history， family history， routine blood test results， biochemical parameters of liver function， serum alpha-fetoprotein（AFP）， virological indicators， coagulation function， and imaging findings. The pan-inflammatory indices neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio （NLR）， platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio （PLR）， and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio （LMR） were calculated， as well as FIB-4 index， aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index （APRI）， S index， Model for End-Stage Liver Disease （MELD） score， Child-Turcotte-Pugh （CTP） score， albumin-bilirubin （AIBL） grade， and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer （BCLC） stage. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups， and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups； the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test were used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. ResultsThere were significant differences between the two groups in the proportion of male patients and the incidence rates of diabetes， hypertension， and fatty liver disease （χ²=6.357， 15.230， 11.467， and 14.204， all P0.05）， and compared with the late-onset liver cancer group， the early-onset liver cancer group had a significantly higher proportion of patients progressing to liver cancer without underlying cirrhosis （χ²=24.657， P0.001） and a significantly higher proportion of patients with advanced BCLC stage （χ²=6.172， P=0.046）. For the overall population， the most common clinical symptoms included abdominal distension， abdominal pain， poor appetite， weakness， a reduction in body weight， edema of both lower limbs， jaundice， yellow urine， and nausea， and 55 patients （7.9%） had no obvious symptoms at the time of diagnosis and were found to have liver cancer by routine reexamination， physical examination suggesting an increase in AFP， or radiological examination indicating hepatic space-occupying lesion； compared with the late-onset liver cancer group， the patients in the early-onset liver cancer group were more likely to have the symptoms of abdominal distension， abdominal pain， and jaundice （all P0.05）. Compared with the late-onset liver cancer group， the early-onset liver cancer group had a significantly larger tumor diameter （Z=2.845， P=0.034）， with higher prevalence rates of multiple tumors and intrahepatic， perihepatic， or distant metastasis （χ²=5.889 and 4.079， both P0.05）， and there were significant differences between the two groups in tumor location and size （χ²=3.948 and 11.317， both P0.05）. Compared with the late-onset liver cancer group， the early-onset liver cancer group had significantly lower FIB-4 index， proportion of patients with HBsAg ≤1 500 IU/mL， and levels of LMR and Cr （all P0.05）， as well as significantly higher positive rate of HBeAg and levels of log₁₀ HBV DNA， AFP， WBC， Hb， PLT， NLR， PLR， TBil， ALT， Alb， and TC （all P0.05）. ConclusionCompared with late-onset liver cancer， patients with early-onset liver cancer tend to develop liver cancer without liver cirrhosis and have multiple tumors， obvious clinical symptoms， and advanced BCLC stage， which indicates a poor prognosis.

Objective:The aim was to analyze key indicators for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis B（CHB），including virus detection rate，standardized treatment rate，and loss to follow-up rate，in order to provide a basis for optimizing diagnosis and treatment plans，improve the diagnosis and treatment level of CHB，and improve patient prognosis.Methods:Patients with CHB admitted to the Guangzhou Eighth People′s Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University from January 2024 to January 2025 were enrolled. The datas were collected and organized using Excel. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 software，with a focus on evaluating core indicators such as virus detection rate，standardized treatment rate，and loss to follow-up rate.Results:The positive rate of hepatitis B surface antigen（HBsAg）in non-specific patients was 28.95%，the antiviral treatment rate in specialized patients was 90.78%，and the standardized antiviral drug conversion treatment rate in low-level viremia（LLV）patients was 61.45%. The standardized antiviral drug conversion treatment rates for high-risk patients with combined kidney/bone injuries were 72.75% and 74.40%，respectively. The overall dropout rate was 10.47%，with a dropout rate of 13.80% for LLV patients.Conclusions:The antiviral treatment coverage rates in CHB patients were over 90%，but in certain groups（such as LLV patients and those with kidney or bone injuries），the standardized treatment rates were still low and loss to follow-up rates were high，suggesting the need to improve HBV screening，treatment for special populations，and patient adherence.

Objective:A novel grass-root community screening and management model of hepatitis B was developed in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment rate of hepatitis B in Guangzhou city.Methods:A three-tier collaborative framework［tertiary hospitals-center for disease control and prevention（CDC）-primary care clinics］implemented dual-track screening（fixed-site+mobile units）using rapid hepatitis B surface antigen（HBsAg）testing and structured surveys. Digital closed-loop management integrated screening，referral，and follow-up. Data were analyzed via SPSS 26.0.Results:Among 30 012 community-dwelling adults screened（Male∶Female=1∶1.68），overall HBsAg positive rate was 5.21%（1 565/30 012），peaking in the 50-59-year cohort（ χ2=271.80， P<0.001）. Hepatitis B knowledge awareness was critically low（39.24%）. Of 140 referred HBsAg-positive individuals，15 chronic carriers required no immediate antiviral therapy per guidelines. Treatment linkage surged from 32.8%（41/125）to 86.4%（108/125）post-intervention. aMAP hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC）risk stratification（n=82）revealed low（36.6%），intermediate（32.9%），and high-risk（30.5%）profiles. Conclusions:This coordinated，digitally-enhanced strategy significantly improved hepatitis B detection and treatment access. However，persistent knowledge gaps underscore the imperative for targeted community education and adherence support.

Objective:The aim was to analyze key indicators for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis B（CHB），including virus detection rate，standardized treatment rate，and loss to follow-up rate，in order to provide a basis for optimizing diagnosis and treatment plans，improve the diagnosis and treatment level of CHB，and improve patient prognosis.Methods:Patients with CHB admitted to the Guangzhou Eighth People′s Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University from January 2024 to January 2025 were enrolled. The datas were collected and organized using Excel. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 software，with a focus on evaluating core indicators such as virus detection rate，standardized treatment rate，and loss to follow-up rate.Results:The positive rate of hepatitis B surface antigen（HBsAg）in non-specific patients was 28.95%，the antiviral treatment rate in specialized patients was 90.78%，and the standardized antiviral drug conversion treatment rate in low-level viremia（LLV）patients was 61.45%. The standardized antiviral drug conversion treatment rates for high-risk patients with combined kidney/bone injuries were 72.75% and 74.40%，respectively. The overall dropout rate was 10.47%，with a dropout rate of 13.80% for LLV patients.Conclusions:The antiviral treatment coverage rates in CHB patients were over 90%，but in certain groups（such as LLV patients and those with kidney or bone injuries），the standardized treatment rates were still low and loss to follow-up rates were high，suggesting the need to improve HBV screening，treatment for special populations，and patient adherence.

Objective:A novel grass-root community screening and management model of hepatitis B was developed in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment rate of hepatitis B in Guangzhou city.Methods:A three-tier collaborative framework［tertiary hospitals-center for disease control and prevention（CDC）-primary care clinics］implemented dual-track screening（fixed-site+mobile units）using rapid hepatitis B surface antigen（HBsAg）testing and structured surveys. Digital closed-loop management integrated screening，referral，and follow-up. Data were analyzed via SPSS 26.0.Results:Among 30 012 community-dwelling adults screened（Male∶Female=1∶1.68），overall HBsAg positive rate was 5.21%（1 565/30 012），peaking in the 50-59-year cohort（ χ2=271.80， P<0.001）. Hepatitis B knowledge awareness was critically low（39.24%）. Of 140 referred HBsAg-positive individuals，15 chronic carriers required no immediate antiviral therapy per guidelines. Treatment linkage surged from 32.8%（41/125）to 86.4%（108/125）post-intervention. aMAP hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC）risk stratification（n=82）revealed low（36.6%），intermediate（32.9%），and high-risk（30.5%）profiles. Conclusions:This coordinated，digitally-enhanced strategy significantly improved hepatitis B detection and treatment access. However，persistent knowledge gaps underscore the imperative for targeted community education and adherence support.

Objective: To investigate the current status of milk tea consumption and its association with psychological distress among college students, so as to provide theoretial support for promoting the mental health of college students. Methods: From September to November 2023, a convenience sampling method was used to select 15 440 college students aged 17-24 from seven universities in Shanghai, Jiangxi, Hubei, and Shanxi. A self designed questionnaire and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale were used to assess milk tea consumption and psychological distress, respectively. The Mantel-Haenszel test was employed to analyze the trend of psychological distress at different levels of milk tea consumption. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between milk tea consumption and psychological distress, and the restricted cubic spline method was applied to explore the nonlinear relationship between milk tea consumption and symptoms of psychological distress. Results: The detection rate of psychological distress among college students was 59.6%. Univariate analysis indicated a significant trend association between milk tea consumption frequency ( χ 2 trend =42.33) and milk tea intake level ( χ 2 trend = 5.17 ) with psychological distress ( P <0.05). Binary Logistic regression models showed a positive association between different levels of milk tea consumption frequency and psychological distress [1-3 times (mild to moderate distress, OR =1.20,1.41), 4-5 times (mild to severe distress, OR =2.80,5.44,4.12), and ≥6 times (severe distress, OR =8.04); and milk tea intake level: 1-1 500 mL (severe distress, OR =1.35), >1 500- <3 000 mL (mild to moderate distress, OR =1.21, 1.35), ≥3 000 mL (mild to severe distress, OR =1.33,1.71,1.29)] ( P <0.05 ). The restricted cubic spline model showed a nonlinear association between milk tea intake and the risk of psychological distress ( F = 107.34 , P non linear <0.01, P overall <0.01). Conclusions High frequency and high volume milk tea consumption are associated with an increased risk of psychological distress among college students. Reducing the consumption behavior of college students milk tea is helpful to improve mental health.

Objective To investigate the significance of alkaline phosphatase to albumin ratio(APAR)in the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of trauma sepsis in patients with multiple trauma.Methods A total of 130 patients with multiple trauma treated in this hospital from January 2021 to October 2023 were selected as subjects.According to the presence or absence of trauma sepsis,they were divided into sepsis group(82 cases)and non-sepsis group(48 cases).The patients with traumatic sepsis were followed up for 28 d and divided into survival group(67 cases)and death group(15 cases)according to the prognosis.The levels of alkaline phos-phatase and albumin in peripheral blood were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer,and APAR was cal-culated.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of alkaline phosphatase,albumin,and APAR for trauma sepsis in patients with multiple trauma.Multivariate Logistic re-gression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of the prognosis of trauma sepsis in patients with multiple trauma.Results The levels of alkaline phosphatase and APAR in sepsis group were higher than those in non-sepsis group,and the level of albumin was lower than that in non-sepsis group(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(95％CI)of alkaline phosphatase,albumin,and APAR for predicting traumatic sepsis in patients with multiple trauma were 0.753(0.702-0.801),0.849(0.798-0.900),and 0.901(0.850-0.952),respectively.The cut-off values were 142.12 U/L,27.89 g/L and 5.24,the specificity were 55.24％,66.16％and 85.43％,and the sensitivity were 91.67％,91.67％and 84.12％,respectively.The levels of alka-line phosphatase and APAR in the death group were higher than those in the survival group,and the level of albumin was lower than that in the survival group(P＜0.05).Compared with the survival group,the death group had significantly higher proportion of patients aged ≥ 60 years,sequential organ failure score,acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅰ(APACHEⅡ)score,and levels of C-reactive protein,blood lactic acid,and serum creatinine(P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that old age(OR=2.330,95％CI 1.568-3.462),high APACHE Ⅱ score(OR=2.056,95％CI 1.448-2.921),high expression of alkaline phosphatase(OR=2.479,95％CI 1.652-3.720),low expression of albumin(OR=2.525,95％CI 1.543-3.288),and high APAR(OR=2.849,95％CI 1.848-4.394)were the influencing factors of the prog-nosis of trauma sepsis in patients with multiple trauma(P＜0.05).Conclusion APAR can be used as a bio-logical index to predict trauma sepsis in patients with multiple trauma,and the abnormal increase of APAR is associated with the prognosis of trauma sepsis.

Objective:To develop a robotic digestive endoscope system (RDES) and to evaluate its feasibility, safety and control performance by experiments.Methods:The RDES was designed based on the master-slave control system, which consisted of 3 parts: the integrated endoscope, including a knob and button robotic control system integrated with a gastroscope; the robotic mechanical arm system, including the base and arm, as well as the endoscopic advance-retreat control device (force-feedback function was designed) and the endoscopic axial rotation control device; the control console, including a master manipulator and an image monitor. The operator sit far away from the endoscope and controlled the master manipulator to bend the end of the endoscope and to control advance, retract and rotation of the endoscope. The air supply, water supply, suction, figure fixing and motion scaling switching was realized by pressing buttons on the master manipulator. In the endoscopy experiments performed on live pigs, 5 physicians each were in the beginner and advanced groups. Each operator operated RDES and traditional endoscope (2 weeks interval) to perform porcine gastroscopy 6 times, comparing the examination time. In the experiment of endoscopic circle drawing on the inner wall of the simulated stomach model, each operator in the two groups operated RDES 1∶1 motion scaling, 5∶1 motion scaling and ordinary endoscope to complete endoscopic circle drawing 6 times, comparing the completion time, accuracy (i.e. trajectory deviation) and workload.Results:RDES was operated normally with good force feedback function. All porcine in vivo gastroscopies were successful, without mucosal injury, bleeding or perforation. In beginner and advanced groups, the examination time of both RDES and ordinary endoscopy tended to decrease as the number of operations increased, but the decrease in time was greater for operating RDES than for operating ordinary endoscope (beginner group P=0.033; advanced group P=0.023). In the beginner group, the operators operating RDES with 1∶1 motion scaling or 5∶1 motion scaling to complete endoscopic circle drawing had shorter completion time [1.68 (1.40, 2.17) min, 1.73 (1.47, 2.37) min VS 4.13 (2.27, 5.16) min, H=32.506, P<0.001], better trajectory deviation (0.50±0.11 mm, 0.46±0.11 mm VS 0.82±0.26 mm, F=38.999, P<0.001], and less workload [42.00 (30.00, 50.33) points, 43.33 (35.33, 54.00) points VS 52.67 (48.67, 63.33) points, H=20.056, P<0.001] than operating ordinary endoscope. In the advanced group, the operators operating RDES with 1∶1 or 5∶1 motion scaling to complete endoscopic circle drawing had longer completion time than operating ordinary endoscope [1.72 (1.37, 2.53) min, 1.57 (1.25, 2.58) min VS 1.15 (0.86, 1.58) min, H=13.233, P=0.001], but trajectory deviation [0.47 (0.13, 0.57) mm, 0.44 (0.39, 0.58) mm VS 0.52 (0.42, 0.59) mm, H=3.202, P=0.202] and workload (44.62±21.77 points, 41.24±12.57 points VS 44.71±17.92 points, F=0.369, P=0.693) were not different from those of the ordinary endoscope. Conclusion:The RDES enables remote control, greatly reducing the endoscopists' workload. Additionally, it gives full play to the cooperative motion function of the large and small endoscopic knobs, making the control more flexible. Finally, it increases motion scaling switching function to make the control of endoscope more flexible and more accurate. It is also easy for beginners to learn and master, and can shorten the training period. So it can provide the possibility of remote endoscopic control and fully automated robotic endoscope.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory disease, and lung cancer is a common comorbidity and one of the main causes of death in COPD. The coexistence of the two diseases is related to poor survival rate. Clinically, it has been found that COPD has a high comorbidity rate with lung cancer, belonging to a homologous disease with common risk factors and pathogenesis. COPD can be derived from the soil where lung cancer occurs. At present, there is much understanding of the association between COPD and the risk of lung cancer in clinical practice, but there is no consensus on the management of patients with COPD combined with lung cancer. There is insufficient diagnosis and treatment of COPD, which affects the clinical outcomes of such patients. Therefore, this article reviews the epidemiological status, common risk factors, related pathogenesis, and management of COPD combined with lung cancer in recent years, in order to provide more theoretical basis and understanding for clinical research and treatment.