Military hospital preparation rooms are an important part of military medical institutions and have played an important role in military pharmacy support in history. However, with the development of science and technology, the improvement of domestic pharmaceutical production and innovation capabilities, and the adjustment of the military establishment and system, the establishment structure, functional tasks, and business forms of military medical institutions have undergone significant changes. The historical evolution of military preparation rooms were reviewed, the current situation were analyzed and the development challenges faced were identified. It was also explored how military hospital preparation rooms, as an important link in military pharmaceutical support, can face new situations and adapt to new forms of warfare. By enhancing the military efficiency of preparation rooms, it could play a greater role in improving medical support capabilities and enhancing the combat effectiveness of troops.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Xiezhuo Jiedu prescription in the treatment of ulcerative colitis （UC） by inhibiting ferroptosis and alleviating intestinal mucosal injury based on the nuclear factor E₂ related factor 2/solute carrier family 7 member/glutathione peroxidase 4 （Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4） signaling pathway. MethodsA total of 60 male SD rats were divided into a normal group， a model group， high- and low-dose Xiezhuo Jiedu prescription groups （26.64 and 13.32 g·kg^-1， respectively）， a ferroptosis inhibitor group （Ferrostatin-1， 0.005 g·kg^-1）， and a mesalazine group （0.27 g·kg^-1）， with 10 rats in each group. A UC rat model was established by intrarectal administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid （TNBS）-ethanol. The normal group and the model group were intragastrically administered normal saline. The other groups were given intragastric administration according to the corresponding dosage for 7 d. The general condition， disease activity index （DAI） score， colon length， and mucosal injury index （CDMI） score were observed in each group. The pathological changes of colon tissue in each group were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The intestinal mucosa and mitochondrial morphology in each group were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The expression levels of Occludin， Claudin-1， mucin 2 （MUC2）， and E-cadherin in intestinal tissue were detected by immunofluorescence （IF）. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the expression levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and interleukin-10 （IL-10） in each group， and a lactic acid assay kit or ELISA was employed to detect the expression levels of reactive oxygen species （ROS）， ferrous ions （Fe²⁺）， glutathione （GSH）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， 4-hydroxynonenal （4-HNE）， diamine oxidase （DAO）， and D-lactate （D-LA）. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was applied to detect the mRNA expression levels of Nrf2， SLC7A11， GPX4， Occludin， Claudin-1， MUC2， and E-cadherin in each group， and Western blot was adopted to detect the protein expression levels of Nrf2， p-Nrf2， SLC7A11， and GPX4 in each group. ResultsCompared with the normal group， rats in the model group exhibited listlessness， sluggish response， and mucopurulent and bloody stools. The model group also showed significantly increased DAI score， colon length， CDMI score， and expression levels of TNF-α， IL-6， ROS， Fe²⁺， MDA， 4-HNE， DAO， and D-LA （P<0.01）. In addition， it presented significantly decreased IF values of Occludin， Claudin-1， MUC2， and E-cadherin and mRNA and protein expression levels of IL-10， GSH， Nrf2， p-Nrf2， SLC7A11， and GPX4 （P<0.01）. There were different degrees of improvement in each administration group after treatment， and the improvement was the most significant in the high-dose Xiezhuo Jiedu prescription group （P<0.01）. ConclusionXiezhuo Jiedu prescription may alleviate intestinal mucosal injury by inhibiting ferroptosis of intestinal epithelial cells via regulating the Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway， thereby exhibiting efficacy in the treatment of UC.

ObjectiveTo explore the potential mechanism of Xiezhuo Jiedu prescription in regulating autophagy in the treatment of ulcerative colitis （UC） by bioinformatics and animal experiments. MethodsThe differentially expressed genes （DEGs） in the colonic mucosal tissue of UC patients was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus （GEO）， and those overlapped with autophagy genes were obtained as the differentially expressed autophagy-related genes （DEARGs）. DEARGs were imported into Metascape and STRING， respectively， for gene ontology/Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics （GO/KEGG） enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction （PPI） analysis. Finally， 15 key DEARGs were obtained. The core DEARGs were obtained by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator （LASSO） regression and receiver operating characteristic curve （ROC） analysis. The CIBERSORT deconvolution algorithm was used to analyze the immunoinfiltration of UC patients and the correlations between core DEARGs and immune cells. C57BL/6J mice were assigned into a normal group and a modeling group. The mouse model of UC was established by free drinking of 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium. The modeled mice were assigned into low-， medium-， and high-dose Xiezhuo Jiedu prescription and mesalazine groups according to the random number table method and administrated with corresponding agents by gavage for 7 days. The colonic mucosal morphology was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The protein and mRNA levels of cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase 1 （Caspase-1）， cathepsin B （CTSB）， C-C motif chemokine-2 （CCL2）， CXC motif receptor 4 （CXCR4）， and hypoxia-inducing factor-1α （HIF-1α） in the colon tissue were determined by Western blot and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction， respectively. ResultsThe dataset GSE87466 was screened from GEO and interlaced with autophagy genes. After PPI analysis， LASSO regression， and ROC analysis， the core DEARGs （Caspase-1， CCL2， CTSB， and CXCR4） were obtained. The results of immunoinfiltration analysis showed that the counts of NK cells， M0 macrophages， M1 macrophages， and dendritic cells in the colonic mucosal tissue of UC patients had significant differences， and core DEARGs had significant correlations with these immune cells. This result， combined with the prediction results of network pharmacology， suggested that the HIF-1α signaling pathway may play a key role in the regulation of UC by Xiezhuo Jiedu prescription. The animal experiments showed that Xiezhuo Jiedu prescription significantly alleviated colonic mucosal inflammation in UC mice. Compared with the normal group， the model group showed up-regulated protein and mRNA levels of caspase-1， CCL2， CTSB， CXCR4， and HIF-1α， which were down-regulated after treatment with Xiezhuo Jiedu prescription or mesalazine. ConclusionCaspase-1， CCL2， CTSB， and CXCR4 are autophagy genes that are closely related to the onset of UC. Xiezhuo Jiedu prescription can down-regulate the expression of core autophagy genes to alleviate the inflammation in the colonic mucosa of mice.

AIM: To delineate the specific mutation responsible for retinitis pigmentosa(RP)in a Yi pedigree, and to analyze the correlation of RHO gene mutation with clinical phenotype.METHODS:A comprehensive clinical evaluation was conducted on the proband diagnosed with RP and other familial members, complemented by a thorough ophthalmic examination. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from the proband and familial members, from which genomic DNA was extracte. Subsequent whole exome sequencing(WES)was employed to identify the variant genes in the proband. The identified variant gene was validated through Sanger sequencing, then an in-depth analysis of the mutation genes was carried out using genetic databases to ascertain the pathogenic mutation sites. Furthermore, an exhaustive analysis was performed to delineate the genotype and phenotype characteristics.RESULTS:The RP pedigree encompasses 5 generations with 42 members, including 19 males and 23 females. A total of 13 cases of RP were identified, consisting of 4 males and 9 females, which conforms to the autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. The clinical features of this family include an early onset age, rapid progression, and a more severe condition. The patients were found to have night blindness around 6 years old, representing the earliest reported case of night blindness in RP families. The retina was manifested by progressive osteocytoid pigmentation of the fundus, a reduced visual field, and significantly decreased or even vanished a and b amplitudes of ERG. The combined results of WES and Sanger sequencing indicated that the proband had a heterozygous missense mutation of the RHO gene c.1040C>T:p.P347L, where the 1 040 base C of cDNA was replaced by T, causing codon 347 to encode leucine instead of proline. Interestingly, this mutation has not been reported in the Chinese population.CONCLUSION:This study confirmed that the mutant gene of RP in a Yi nationality pedigree was RHO(c.1040C>T). This variant leads to the change of codon 347 from encoding proline to encoding leucine, resulting in a severe clinical phenotype among family members. This study provides a certain molecular, clinical, and genetic basis for genetic counseling and gene diagnosis of RHO.

Objective: This study aims to explore the influencing factors, formation mechanisms, and treatment methods of labial protuberance in the anterior maxilla during orthodontic treatment, providing a reference for clinical practice. Method: This study reports a case where the absence of upper anterior teeth 11 and 21, and the retraction tilting movement of teeth 12 and 22, resulted in labial protuberance and gingival hyperplasia. Alveolar osteoplasty and gingivoplasty were performed. The specific changes in the alveolar bone during the retraction of the anterior teeth and the characteristics of its remodeling were analyzed. Combined with relevant literature, the factors influencing the formation of labial protuberance in orthodontic patients, mechanisms, and methods for prevention and treatment were summarized. Results: After periodental surgery follow-up for 6 months, the gingival color and shape of teeth 12 and 22 were good, the labial alveolar bone was normal, and the overall condition was stable. A review of the literature showed that labial protuberance is more common in adult orthodontic patients, and the distance (>4 mm) and speed of retraction of anterior teeth are related to its formation, with the main mechanism likely being differential remodeling of the alveolar bone. In adult patients, the number of active osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the alveolar bone decreases, along with a reduction in metabolic activity and overall cellular activity, which diminishes the reactivity of the alveolar bone. After treatment of anterior teeth retraction, there is insufficient labial bone resorption. Moreover, the lack of mechanical stress-mediated periodontal ligament in the interdental space leads to reduced bone remodeling stimulation in this area, resulting in thickening of the labial alveolar bone of the upper anterior teeth. The remodeling rates of cortical and trabecular bone differ, with active trabecular bone proliferation near the tooth root surface and slow cortical bone resorption near the outer surface, which ultimately results in increased bone thickness at the labial cervical region. Specific case analysis indicates that the retraction distance of the upper anterior teeth in this case was about 6 mm. The alveolar bone at the missing sites of teeth 11 and 21, lacking periodontal ligament stimulation, showed less remodeling and absorption, likely appearing as hyperplasia. The prevention of labial bone protrusion mainly involves controlling the speed and distance of retraction of anterior teeth. Smaller labial protuberances generally do not require treatment, but those affecting function and aesthetics can be addressed with periodontal alveolar osteoplasty. Conclusion After the retraction of anterior teeth in orthodontics, a prominent, hard bone protuberance on the labial side can sometimes occur, which may be due to differential remodeling efficiency in different regions of the alveolar bone. For bone protuberance that influences aesthetics or function, periodontal alveolar osteoplasty can be a reliable option.

Curcumin is a natural yellow pigment， a natural phenolic antioxidant extracted from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa and Curcumae Rhizoma of the ginger family， with anti-inflammatory， anti-tumor and antioxidant properties. In recent years， it has been found that curcumin also has good antidepressant properties， and it is considered a safe and effective antidepressant potential drug. The mechanism of curcumin’s antidepressant efficacy mainly includes regulating neurotransmitters， modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis， regulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor， inhibiting neuroinflammation， inhibiting oxidative stress， and regulating gut microbiota， etc.， and there is an overlapping and synergistic therapeutic effect of the above mechanisms. At present， the antidepressant mechanism of curcumin is still not fully understood， and will be combined with multi-omics technology， new formulation technology， and clinical trials to obtain further breakthroughs in the future.

Objective: To explore the relationship between sleep characteristics, physical activity patterns, with depressive and anxiety symptoms in college students, so as to provide reference for student mental health promotion. Methods: From September to November 2023, a convenience sampling method was used to select 7 954 college students aged 18-22 years from 9 universities in Shanghai, Hubei, and Jiangxi. Assessments were conducted using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short-Form (IPAQ-SF), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to evaluate physical activity, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and sleep quality, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was employed to explore the impact of sleep characteristics and physical activity patterns on depressive and anxiety symptoms and their comorbidity among college students. Results: The detection rates for depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and comorbid depression and anxiety symptoms were 25.67%, 35.39%, and 23.15%, respectively. Factors such as gender, grade, household registration, parental education level, annual family income, family structure, and dietary habits were all associated with the detection rates of depressive and anxiety symptoms and their comorbidity (χ2=4.41-118.39, P<0.05). Physical activity patterns, sleep duration, sleep quality, and sleepwake characteristics were also associated with the occurrence of depressive and anxiety symptoms and their comorbidity (χ2=9.66-627.70, P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that college students who stayed up late and slept less than 7 had the highest risk of depressive and anxiety symptoms and their comorbidity (OR=1.93, 1.85, 1.88, P<0.05). Compared to regular physical activity patterns, insufficient physical activity patterns were associated with an increased risk of depressive and anxiety symptoms (all OR=1.18, P<0.05). Further stratified analysis results showed that the risk of depression, anxiety and their comorbidity increased in college students who stayed up late and slept less than 7 h, went to bed before midnight and slept less than 7 h, or went to bed before midnight and slept more than 7 h but did not have sufficient physical activity (P<0.05). Conclusions Sleep characteristics and physical activity patterns significantly affect depressive and anxiety symptoms in college students. Universities should strengthen sleep management and implement flexible physical activity interventions to help students establish healthy lifestyles.

BACKGROUND:Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles are the most abundant vesicles in the circulation,rich in bioactive molecules,genetic material,proteins and other information molecules,involved in cellular communication and material exchange,not only has good procoagulant activity,but also has the promotion of tissue repair and regeneration,and has a wide range of applications in regenerative medicine. OBJECTIVE:To elaborate the secretion mechanism of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles,their application in regenerative medicine,and limiting factors for clinical transformation,and to provide some theoretical support for the clinical translation of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles. METHODS:A computerized search of the PubMed database from January 2005 to August 2023 was applied to articles relating to platelet-derived extracellular vesicles with the search terms"platelet-derived,platelet-rich plasma,extracellular vesicles,isolated,microvesicles exosomes,applications".A total of 62 articles that met the subject criteria were finally included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Activated platelet-derived extracellular vesicles produce two types of vesicles,platelet-derived microparticles,whose secretion may be associated with the asymmetry of the actin cytoskeleton,and platelet-derived exosomes,which may be associated with the regulation of H+-ATPase.(2)Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles are potential effectors of platelet concentrates and platelets themselves,and may intervene in tissue regeneration by promoting angiogenesis,influencing cellular behavior,promoting coagulation and hemostasis,and exerting inflammatory effects.(3)Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles have been reported preclinically in the field of regenerative medicine such as tissue injury,muscle regeneration,cartilage regeneration,and osteoarthritis,and clinical trial data are available as potential therapeutic approaches for wound healing.However,factors such as isolation methods,sample sources,and the types of activators limit the clinical translation of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles into the field of regenerative medicine.(4)In the future,platelet-derived extracellular vesicles may become a cell-free alternative to platelet-rich plasma in regenerative medicine,but the clinical translation of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles needs to actively search for specific markers to differentiate platelet-derived microparticles from platelet-derived exosomes.The mechanism of activator-stimulated platelet-derived extracellular vesicle production,as well as the optimal method of platelet-derived extracellular vesicle collection,the optimal method of storage,the shelf life of the platelet-derived extracellular vesicles,the recommended dosage of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles for clinical application,and the optimal clinical indications need to be further investigated.

Hernia is a common and frequently occurring condition in general surgery, referring to the displacement of an organ or part of an organ from its normal anatomical position through a congenital or acquired weak point, defect, or space into another area. Its pathogenesis is complex, involving multiple factors such as abdominal wall weakness or increased intra-abdominal pressure. The clinical manifestations of hernia vary depending on its type, location, and severity. As the aging of the population continues to advance, the incidence of hernia has been increasing annually. Animal models serve as an important tool in hernia research. They enable the evaluation of the safety and efficacy of new repair materials and techniques, as well as assisting clinicians in developing new surgical methods and investigating the mechanisms and novel therapies for certain hernia diseases and their complications. Given the significant differences in the pathophysiological mechanisms of different types of hernia diseases, the methods and evaluation criteria for establishing animal models are highly diverse. Furthermore, the methods for establishing animal models are closely related to experimental objectives, and different experimental goals require different animal models. Therefore, selecting appropriate animal models based on experimental objectives is crucial for ensuring the smooth progress of research and obtaining reliable results. To this end, this review summarizes effective methods for establishing animal models for external abdominal hernias (including incisional hernia, inguinal hernia, umbilical hernia, parastomal hernia, incarcerated hernia, and pelvic floor hernia), congenital diaphragmatic hernia, hiatal hernia, and cerebral hernia. It provides a detailed analysis of the advantages, disadvantages, and evaluation criteria of these models. Additionally, this review summarizes recent preclinical applications of new hernia repair materials, aiming to provide references for animal experimental research in the field of hernia studies.

[Objective] To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) in the treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) complicated with underactive bladder (UAB) who respond poorly to transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). [Methods] A retrospective analysis was performed on 10 patients with BPH and UAB treated with TURP by the same surgeon in Zhongda Hospital Southeast University during Jan.2018 and Jan.2023.The residual urine volume was not significantly relieved after operation, and the maximum urine flow rate and urine volume per discharge were not significantly improved.All patients underwent phase I SNM, and urinary diaries were recorded before and after surgery to observe the average daily frequency of urination, volume per urination, maximum urine flow rate, and residual urine volume. [Results] The operation time was (97.6±11.2) min.During the postoperative test of 2-4 weeks, if the residual urine volume reduction by more than 50% was deemed as effective, SNM was effective in 6 patients (60.0%). Compared with preoperative results, the daily frequency of urination [(20.2±3.8) times vs. (13.2±3.2) times], volume per urination [(119.2±56.7) mL vs. (246.5±59.2) mL], maximum urine flow rate [(8.7±1.5) mL/s vs. (16.5±2.6) mL/s], and residual urine volume [(222.5±55.0) mL vs. (80.8±16.0) mL] were significantly improved, with statistical significance (P<0.05). There were no complications such as bleeding, infection, fever or pain.The 6 patients who had effective outcomes successfully completed phase II surgery, and the fistula was removed.During the follow-up of 1 year, the curative effect was stable, and there were no complications such as electrode displacement, incision infection, or pain in the irritation sites.The residual urine volume of the other 4 unsuccessful patients did not improve significantly, and the electrodes were removed and the vesicostomy tube was retained. [Conclusion] SNM is safe and effective in the treatment of BPH with UAB patients with poor curative effects after TURP.