ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of Babaodan Capsule （BBD） in the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection with damp-heat in the liver and gallbladder comorbid with gallbladder polyps. MethodsA randomized， double-blinded， placebo-controlled single-center trial was conducted among 120 patients with chronic HBV infection who were admitted to Beijing YouAn Hospital， Capital Medical University， from August 2020 to April 2023， and they were divided into treatment group （BBD） and control group （placebo）， with 60 patients in each group. The course of treatment was 24 weeks， and follow-up assessments were conducted every 4 weeks. The primary outcome measures were the number and maximum diameter of gallbladder polyps （assessed by ultrasound）， and the secondary outcome measures included traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome score， blood lipid levels， and liver function parameters. The independent-samples t test or the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups， and the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups； the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for comparison of ranked data between two groups； the generalized estimating equation was used to analyze repeated measures data. ResultsAfter 8 weeks of treatment， the treatment group had a significantly smaller diameter of polyps and a significantly lower number of polyps than the control group （Z=-1.76 and -1.80， both P<0.05）， and after 24 weeks of treatment， the treatment group had a significantly higher polyp reduction rate than the control group （30.51% vs 10.91%， P<0.05）. The subgroup analysis showed that patients receiving combined antiviral therapy， male patients， patients with a diameter of polyps of <5 mm， and patients with multiple polyps tended to achieve significantly greater benefits. At week 8 of treatment， the treatment group had a significantly better TCM syndrome score than the control group （Z=-2.35， P<0.05）； after treatment， compared with the control group， the treatment group had a significantly greater increase in high-density lipoprotein （Z=-1.85， P<0.05） and significantly lower levels of alanine aminotransferase （Z=-2.06， P <0.05）， aspartate aminotransferase （Z=-2.13， P<0.05）， total bilirubin （Z=-2.12， P<0.05）， and direct bilirubin （Z=-3.09， P<0.05）. No serious adverse events were reported in either group. ConclusionBBD can effectively reduce the size of gallbladder polyps， improve TCM syndrome score， and reduce the level of bilirubin in patients with chronic HBV infection with damp-heat in the liver and gallbladder， with a favorable safety profile， and it may be more suitable for patients receiving combined antiviral therapy and specific subgroups （male patients， patients with a diameter of polyps of <5 mm， and patients with multiple polyps.

ObjectiveThis paper aims to observe the syndrome improvement and negative antigen conversion rate of Qingxuan Daozhi formula in the treatment of influenza in children （heat accumulation in the lung and stomach syndrome）. MethodsThrough a multi-center randomized controlled methodology design，confirmed influenza cases were collected from October 2022 to April 2023 in the pediatrics department of eight hospitals，such as Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. A total of 180 children with influenza and heat accumulation in the lung and stomach syndrome conforming to the standard were recruited through the clinic. The sick children meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into groups by a block-randomized method. The children in the experimental group were treated with Qingxuan Daozhi formula for five days，and those in the control group were treated with Oseltamivir Phosphate Granules for five days. The primary efficacy indicator was the negative conversion rate of influenza antigen detection. Secondary efficacy indicators were the Canadian acute respiratory illness and flu scale （CARIFS） and the incidence of complications，severe cases， and critical cases. Follow-up observation was conducted on the day of enrollment，48 hours after medication，72 hours after medication， and （6+1） d after medication. ResultsOne hundred and eighty participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group （90 cases） or the control group （90 cases）. All participants were followed up during the study. Comparison of influenza antigen detection results in the primary efficacy indicators showed that the average time of negative influenza antigen conversion in the experimental group was （5.29±1.25） d，and that in the control group was （5.40±1.68） d，without a statistically significant difference. After five days of intervention，52 cases in the experimental group and 51 cases in the control group converted to negative，without a statistically significant difference. CARIFS score results in the secondary efficacy indicators showed that during 72 hours after intervention，there were statistically significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in three dimensions， including headache，muscle soreness， and the need for extra care （P<0.05）. On the （6+1） days after the intervention，the differences in both the experimental group and the control group were statistically significant in 10 dimensions， including sore throat，bad sleep，uncomfortable feeling，poor spirit and fatigue，crying more than usual，the need for extra care，symptom，function，influence on parents，and total score （P<0.05）. The comparison results within the group in the dimensional scores of symptom， function， and influence on parents，as well as the CARIFS total score showed that with the delay of follow-up time，scores of both groups decreased significantly，with a statistically significant difference （P<0.01）. Inter-group comparison results showed that the mean score of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group at the time of enrollment. With the progress of intervention，the score of the experimental group was significantly decreased compared with that of the control group. At the end of follow-up，the mean score of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group，with no statistically significant difference. In terms of the incidence of complications，severe cases， and critical cases， there were no complications，severe cases， and critical cases in the two groups，without a statistically significant difference. ConclusionThe symptom improvement effect and negative antigen conversion rate of Qingxuan Daozhi formula in the treatment of influenza in children （heat accumulation in the lung and stomach syndrome） are not inferior to Oseltamivir Phosphate granules， and children's acceptance is better. It can be more widely used in clinical treatment of influenza in children （heat accumulation in the lung and stomach syndrome）.

Background Microparticles (MPs) are one of the main medium of inflammatory reaction with an important role in atherosclerotic progression. Studies on association of air pollution exposure and levels of peripheral blood MPs are limited among human. Objective To evaluate the effects of short-term exposure to air pollution on levels of peripheral blood MPs. Method A panel of 73 healthy adults was followed with 4 repeated follow-ups in Beijing, China, from November 2014 to January 2016. During each visit, we collected questionnaire information, fasting venous blood, urine, and exposures to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), black carbon, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and ozone. We used linear mixed-effect models to analyze associations of air pollution exposure with levels of total MPs (TMPs) and MPs derived from various cells. Stratified analysis was conducted by levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Results The results showed significant associations between air pollution exposure and peripheral blood TMPs at 2 h-6 d prior to the follow-ups (P<0.05), while no statistical associations were found for MPs derived from different cell types. Significant increases in TMPs of 7.8% (95%CI: 0.7%, 15.3%) and 14.3% (95%CI: 2.8%, 27.2%) were observed with each interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM_2.5 (IQR=64.9 μg·m⁻³) at prior 18 h and NO (IQR=40.5 μg·m⁻³) at prior 48 h. Among participants with low levels of CRP and MDA, significantly positive associations were observed between air pollution exposure and levels of TMPs (P<0.05). Conclusion Short-term exposure to air pollution is significantly associated with increased levels of circulating MPs in healthy adults, and in people with lower systemic inflammation, peripheral blood MPs levels are more easily affected after exposure to air pollutants.

As one of the common chronic bacterial infections, Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection is a key pathogenic factor of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. In the formation of gastric ulcer, Hp virulence factors directly damage the gastric mucosal barrier, induce the local inflammation and immune response, interfere with the regulation of gastric acid secretion, and ultimately destroy the mucosal stability. In the occurrence of gastric cancer, Hp-driven chronic inflammation is the basis of inflammation-cancer transformation, and it induces the genomic instability and epigenetic changes by interfering with key signaling pathways in host cells, thereby promoting malignant transformation. This paper systematically reviews the related mechanisms of Hp-induced gastric ulcer and gastric cancer in recent years, holding great significance for the development of new intervention strategies and the precise prevention and treatment of gastric cancer.

Objective To explore the relationship between lacune of presumed vascular origin and spontaneous HT in elderly patients with AIS.Methods A total of 671 AIS patients hospitalized in our hospital from January 2021 to September 2024 were prospectively recruited.According to the conditions of lacune of presumed vascular origin by the first cranial MRI examination after admis-sion,they were divided into 330 cases with lacune of presumed vascular origin and 341 cases with-out,and based on the re-examination of head CT or MRI during hospitalization,they were also as-signed into a HT group(139 cases)and a non-HT group(532 cases).Multivariate logistic regres-sion analysis was conducted to clarify the correlation between lacune of presumed vascular origin and spontaneous HT in the elderly AIS patients.The incidence of spontaneous HT and the differ-ences in the subtype composition of spontaneous HT were compared between the mild and severe groups of lacune of presumed vascular origin.Results Baseline NIHSS score,atrial fibrillation,white matter lesions,enlarged perivascular spaces,cerebral microbleeds,large-area cerebral infarc-tion,and ratio of lacune of presumed vascular origin were significantly higher in the HT group than the non-HT group[(10(6,13)vs 9(5,12),P=0.000;28.1％vs 18.0％,P=0.009;74.8％vs 56.0％,P=0.000;79.9％vs 57.5％,P=0.000;30.2％vs 16.9％,P=0.000;45.3％vs 13.2％,P=0.000;66.2％vs 44.7％,P=0.000].The incidence of spontaneous HT was significantly high-er in the lacune of presumed vascular origin group than the non-lacune of presumed vascular ori-gin group(27.9％vs 13.8％,P=0.000).Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that lacune of presumed vascular origin was an independent risk factor for spontaneous HT after AIS(OR=2.207,95％CI:1.231-3.959).Subtype analysis on spontaneous HT showed that the patients with lacune of presumed vascular origin had the largest proportion among all subtypes than the non-lacune of presumed vascular origin patients.The incidence of spontaneous HT was significantly higher in the severe lacune of presumed vascular origin group than the mild group(38.1％vs 20.9％,P=0.001).HI2 subtype was mainly observed in the severe group with sponta-neous HT,and HI1 subtype was in the mild group with spontaneous HT.Conclusion Lacune of presumed vascular origin is an independent risk factor for spontaneous HT after AIS in elderly patients.The patients with severe lacune of presumed vascular origin are prone to the occurrence and severe spontaneous HT than the mild lacunar patients.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of plasma vitamin B1 deficiency in patients with sepsis and analyze the relationship between plasma vitamin B1 levels and lactic acidosis.METHODS A total of 40 patients with sepsis and 42 patients with sepsis shock admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU)of General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from Nov.2020 to Nov.2022 were selected as the study objects.Volunteers matched by age,gender and body mass index(BMI)were selected as the healthy group.Data on gender,age,BMI,under-lying diseases,sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA)score,acute physiology and chronic health evaluation(APACHE)Ⅱ score,infection site,duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU length of stay were collected.La-boratory tests including blood routine,electrolytes,blood lactate(Lac),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspar-tate aminotransferase(AST),blood urea nitrogen(BUN)and serum creatinine(Scr)were performed in both groups.Plasma samples from both disease group and the healthy group were collected.High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS)was used to measure plasma thiamine(vitamin B1)levels in the disease group on the first,third and fifth days,respectively,as well as in the healthy group.RESULTS On the first day of admission,both the sepsis group and the septic shock group exhibited vitamin B1 de-ficiency.Specifically,6 cases of vitamin B1 deficiency were observed in the patients with sepsis,while 8 cases of vitamin B1 deficiency were noted in the patients with septic shock(P=0.640).By the third and fifth days,the proportions of vitamin B1 deficiency in the sepsis group were 22.50％and 42.50％,respectively,whereas in the septic shock group,these proportions were high at 26.19％and 54.76％,with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).On the fifth day,in the normal liver function group,vitamin B1 levels showed a negative correlation with lactate(r=-0.590,P=0.005),whereas in the abnormal liver function group,vitamin B1 levels were pos-itively correlated with lactate(r=0.678,P=0.017).The patients in the septic shock group had low K+and ALB levels[(2.60±0.42)mmol/L and(24.56±5.78)g/L,respectively]compared to those in the sepsis group(P＜0.05).CONCLUSIONS Plasma vitamin B1 deficiency is prevalent among patients with sepsis.Changes in plasma vitamin B1 levels are closely associated with blood lactate levels in these patients.

BACKGROUND:As a temporary matrix for new bone growth,the porous scaffold plays a key role in the process of bone repair.The structural design of porous scaffolds is a research priority in the process of bone repair.OBJECTIVE:To summarize traditional bone scaffolds(regular,uniform scaffolds)and bionic scaffolds(irregular,inhomogeneous scaffolds)in the field of bone tissue engineering research.METHODS:A computerized search was performed in the databases of CNKI,VIP,WanFang,Web of Science,Science Direct,PubMed,and EI.Literature published from January 2008 to March 2024 was selected.The search terms in Chinese included"bone tissue engineering,bionic scaffolds,bone trabeculae,traditional scaffolds,bone repair,triple-period minimal surfaces."The search terms in English were"bone tissue engineering,bionic scaffolds,bone trabeculae,traditional scaffolds,bone repair,TPMS."Finally,81 articles were included for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The structural design of bone scaffolds is the key to achieve bone repair and bone regeneration,and scaffold technology in bone tissue engineering has made remarkable progress.Traditional regular porous scaffolds are widely used due to their simple manufacturing process and good mechanical properties.However,these scaffolds often lack biological activity and are difficult to mimic the complex microenvironment of natural bone tissue,limiting their ability to promote cell proliferation and bone regeneration.On the contrary,bionic scaffolds provide a more suitable physiological microenvironment by mimicking the structural features of natural bone tissues,which promotes the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts,as well as the formation of new bone,and provides a new way of thinking for the effective treatment of bone defects.Despite the great potential of bionic scaffolds in theory,they still face many challenges in practical applications.Factors such as the scaffold's biocompatibility,bioactivity,and its long-term stability still need to be further verified through clinical trials.

Objective To explore the relationship between lacune of presumed vascular origin and spontaneous HT in elderly patients with AIS.Methods A total of 671 AIS patients hospitalized in our hospital from January 2021 to September 2024 were prospectively recruited.According to the conditions of lacune of presumed vascular origin by the first cranial MRI examination after admis-sion,they were divided into 330 cases with lacune of presumed vascular origin and 341 cases with-out,and based on the re-examination of head CT or MRI during hospitalization,they were also as-signed into a HT group(139 cases)and a non-HT group(532 cases).Multivariate logistic regres-sion analysis was conducted to clarify the correlation between lacune of presumed vascular origin and spontaneous HT in the elderly AIS patients.The incidence of spontaneous HT and the differ-ences in the subtype composition of spontaneous HT were compared between the mild and severe groups of lacune of presumed vascular origin.Results Baseline NIHSS score,atrial fibrillation,white matter lesions,enlarged perivascular spaces,cerebral microbleeds,large-area cerebral infarc-tion,and ratio of lacune of presumed vascular origin were significantly higher in the HT group than the non-HT group[(10(6,13)vs 9(5,12),P=0.000;28.1％vs 18.0％,P=0.009;74.8％vs 56.0％,P=0.000;79.9％vs 57.5％,P=0.000;30.2％vs 16.9％,P=0.000;45.3％vs 13.2％,P=0.000;66.2％vs 44.7％,P=0.000].The incidence of spontaneous HT was significantly high-er in the lacune of presumed vascular origin group than the non-lacune of presumed vascular ori-gin group(27.9％vs 13.8％,P=0.000).Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that lacune of presumed vascular origin was an independent risk factor for spontaneous HT after AIS(OR=2.207,95％CI:1.231-3.959).Subtype analysis on spontaneous HT showed that the patients with lacune of presumed vascular origin had the largest proportion among all subtypes than the non-lacune of presumed vascular origin patients.The incidence of spontaneous HT was significantly higher in the severe lacune of presumed vascular origin group than the mild group(38.1％vs 20.9％,P=0.001).HI2 subtype was mainly observed in the severe group with sponta-neous HT,and HI1 subtype was in the mild group with spontaneous HT.Conclusion Lacune of presumed vascular origin is an independent risk factor for spontaneous HT after AIS in elderly patients.The patients with severe lacune of presumed vascular origin are prone to the occurrence and severe spontaneous HT than the mild lacunar patients.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of plasma vitamin B1 deficiency in patients with sepsis and analyze the relationship between plasma vitamin B1 levels and lactic acidosis.METHODS A total of 40 patients with sepsis and 42 patients with sepsis shock admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU)of General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from Nov.2020 to Nov.2022 were selected as the study objects.Volunteers matched by age,gender and body mass index(BMI)were selected as the healthy group.Data on gender,age,BMI,under-lying diseases,sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA)score,acute physiology and chronic health evaluation(APACHE)Ⅱ score,infection site,duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU length of stay were collected.La-boratory tests including blood routine,electrolytes,blood lactate(Lac),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspar-tate aminotransferase(AST),blood urea nitrogen(BUN)and serum creatinine(Scr)were performed in both groups.Plasma samples from both disease group and the healthy group were collected.High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS)was used to measure plasma thiamine(vitamin B1)levels in the disease group on the first,third and fifth days,respectively,as well as in the healthy group.RESULTS On the first day of admission,both the sepsis group and the septic shock group exhibited vitamin B1 de-ficiency.Specifically,6 cases of vitamin B1 deficiency were observed in the patients with sepsis,while 8 cases of vitamin B1 deficiency were noted in the patients with septic shock(P=0.640).By the third and fifth days,the proportions of vitamin B1 deficiency in the sepsis group were 22.50％and 42.50％,respectively,whereas in the septic shock group,these proportions were high at 26.19％and 54.76％,with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).On the fifth day,in the normal liver function group,vitamin B1 levels showed a negative correlation with lactate(r=-0.590,P=0.005),whereas in the abnormal liver function group,vitamin B1 levels were pos-itively correlated with lactate(r=0.678,P=0.017).The patients in the septic shock group had low K+and ALB levels[(2.60±0.42)mmol/L and(24.56±5.78)g/L,respectively]compared to those in the sepsis group(P＜0.05).CONCLUSIONS Plasma vitamin B1 deficiency is prevalent among patients with sepsis.Changes in plasma vitamin B1 levels are closely associated with blood lactate levels in these patients.

BACKGROUND:As a temporary matrix for new bone growth,the porous scaffold plays a key role in the process of bone repair.The structural design of porous scaffolds is a research priority in the process of bone repair.OBJECTIVE:To summarize traditional bone scaffolds(regular,uniform scaffolds)and bionic scaffolds(irregular,inhomogeneous scaffolds)in the field of bone tissue engineering research.METHODS:A computerized search was performed in the databases of CNKI,VIP,WanFang,Web of Science,Science Direct,PubMed,and EI.Literature published from January 2008 to March 2024 was selected.The search terms in Chinese included"bone tissue engineering,bionic scaffolds,bone trabeculae,traditional scaffolds,bone repair,triple-period minimal surfaces."The search terms in English were"bone tissue engineering,bionic scaffolds,bone trabeculae,traditional scaffolds,bone repair,TPMS."Finally,81 articles were included for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The structural design of bone scaffolds is the key to achieve bone repair and bone regeneration,and scaffold technology in bone tissue engineering has made remarkable progress.Traditional regular porous scaffolds are widely used due to their simple manufacturing process and good mechanical properties.However,these scaffolds often lack biological activity and are difficult to mimic the complex microenvironment of natural bone tissue,limiting their ability to promote cell proliferation and bone regeneration.On the contrary,bionic scaffolds provide a more suitable physiological microenvironment by mimicking the structural features of natural bone tissues,which promotes the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts,as well as the formation of new bone,and provides a new way of thinking for the effective treatment of bone defects.Despite the great potential of bionic scaffolds in theory,they still face many challenges in practical applications.Factors such as the scaffold's biocompatibility,bioactivity,and its long-term stability still need to be further verified through clinical trials.