Emerging evidence suggests that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. The microbiota-gut-brain axis plays a crucial role in the development and progression of PD, and numerous studies have demonstrated the potential therapeutic benefits of modulations in the intestinal microbiota. This review provides insights into the characterization of the gut microbiota in patients with PD and highlights associations with clinical symptoms and underlying mechanisms. The discussion underscores the increased influence of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of PD. While the relationship is not fully elucidated, existing research demonstrates a strong correlation between changes in the composition of gut microbiota and disease development, and further investigation is warranted to explain the specific underlying mechanisms.
Humans ; Parkinson Disease/microbiology* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology* ; Dysbiosis/microbiology*

In the context of continuously deepening medical and health system reforms and comprehensively promoting the "Healthy China" strategy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital has established a regional collaborative and vertically integrated critical care service structure and network. This initiative aims to enhance information empowerment, strengthen regional collaboration, improve the insufficient primary medical services, and ensure timely and effective treatment for critically ill patients. By establishing a comprehensive dispatch service platform for regional collaborative critical care, building a "top-down" remote medical collaboration network, and forming a cross-regional specialty alliance for critical care, the hospital has improved the efficiency of medical services and enhanced regional capabilities for treating critically ill patients. Simultaneously, for critically serious patients and those with complex diseases at primary medical institutions, a one-stop consultation and referral service has been implemented. This service adopts a "three specialists" approach and a multidisciplinary consultation mechanism within the hospital, constructs a multi-dimensional critical care transfer mode integrating air, ground, and the internet, creates a regional collaborative rescue mode, and implements full-cycle treatment for critically serious patients. The comprehensive, flexible, and efficient service pathway for regional collaborative critical care established by this system ensures timely and safe treatment for critically ill patients, promotes the distribution of high-quality medical resources, and effectively addresses issues such as uneven distribution of high-quality medical resources and varying levels of critical care capabilities. It has facilitated the formation of a new tiered diagnosis and treatment order characterized by "first diagnosis at the primary level, two-way referral, separate treatment for acute and chronic diseases, and vertical integration". This approach has enhanced the diagnostic and comprehensive service capabilities of primary medical institutions. Currently, by strengthening information empowerment and sharing, creating a full-process critical care diagnosis and treatment model, providing medical assistance and cultivating primary-level critical care talent, and promoting appropriate technologies, the hospital has gradually overcome challenges such as barriers to information exchange and sharing between hospitals, overloaded critical care teams, high pressure on patient reception and transfer, and limited critical care capabilities at primary medical institutions. This article summarizes the construction and practical application of this regionally coordinated critical care system, aiming to provide a reference for the management of critical care treatment.
Humans ; China ; Critical Care/organization & administration* ; Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration*

Objective To evaluate the impact of Jixiong Jiedu decoction on the efficacy of diabetic kidney disease in mice and its influence on intestinal flora and trimethylamine oxide(TMAO)levels.Methods Twelve 7-week-old male db/db mice were randomly assigned to the model group or Jixiong Jiedu decoction group(6 mice per group),while 6 male db/m mice were designated as the control group.Following 8 weeks of continuous gavage,we monitored the body weight and blood glucose levels of the mice at weeks 0,4,and 8.Additionally,we assessed urinary microalbumin,kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1),creatinine(Scr),and urea nitrogen(BUN)levels in urine.Renal pathology was evaluated using HE and PAS staining.Furthermore,fecal samples underwent 16s RNA sequencing,and the serum TMAO levels were determined.Results Compared with the control group,the blood glucose,body weight,8-hour urinary microalbumin,KIM-1 and Scr in the model group were significantly increased,and the renal pathology showed that glomerular segmental mesangial matrix increased,glomerular volume hypertrophy and renal tubular epithelial cell swelling.The abundance of Lactobacillaceae and Lactobacillus in the model group was significantly increased(P<0.01).The abundance of Lachnospiraceae,Helicobacter and Oscillospira decreased significantly(P<0.01),the abundance of each bacterial group changed,and the serum TMAO content increased significantly.Compared with the model group,the 8h urinary microalbumin,KIM-1(P<0.01)and Scr(P<0.05)in the Jixiong Jiedu decoction group were significantly decreased,and there was no significant difference in BUN(P>0.05),and the renal pathological damage was significantly improved.The abundance of Lactobacillaceae and Lactobacillus in intestinal flora decreased significantly(P<0.01),while the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Oscillospira increased significantly(P<0.01,P<0.05).The structure of gut microbiota,the abundance of dominant and non-dominant bacteria were positively adjusted,and the serum TMAO content was significantly decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion Jixiong Jiedu decoction effectively ameliorates intestinal flora disorders in db/db mice and regulates serum TMAO levels,thereby exerting a nephroprotective effect.

Objective To explore the quantitative electroencephalography(qEEG)characteristics of the prefrontal cortex in patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI)during digital screening tasks for MCI screening.Methods A total of 592 MCI patients(MCI group)and 317 normal cognitively elderly individuals(control group)were recruited from 40 communities in Nanjing,Jiangsu Province,from July to August,2024.All participants were as-sessed using Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Beijing Version(MoCA-BJ).Prefrontal EEG data were collected using a portable EEG device,and power spectral analysis was performed via Fast Fourier Transform.An XG-Boost algorithm was employed to construct an MCI identification model based on qEEG power features,and the model's performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results Compared with the control group,prefrontal δ,α,and β band power increased during screening tasks in MCI group(P<0.05);δ power was negatively correlated with MoCA-BJ total scores,and visuospatial/executive func-tion,attention and delayed recall scores(r=-0.269,-0.169,-0.133,-0.171,P<0.001);α power was negative-ly correlated with MoCA-BJ total scores,attention and delayed recall scores(r=-0.113,-0.075,-0.091,P<0.05).The XGBoost model based on δ and α power was excellent in MCI identification,with an area under the curve of 0.91,accuracy of 0.81,precision of 0.89,F1 score of 0.84,recall of 0.80,and specificity of 0.81.Conclusion MCI patients exhibit increased power in the prefrontal δ and α frequency bands during digital screening tasks,which is associated with cognitive decline.An XGBoost model based on qEEG power features can enable early prediction of MCI.

Objective To evaluate the impact of Jixiong Jiedu decoction on the efficacy of diabetic kidney disease in mice and its influence on intestinal flora and trimethylamine oxide(TMAO)levels.Methods Twelve 7-week-old male db/db mice were randomly assigned to the model group or Jixiong Jiedu decoction group(6 mice per group),while 6 male db/m mice were designated as the control group.Following 8 weeks of continuous gavage,we monitored the body weight and blood glucose levels of the mice at weeks 0,4,and 8.Additionally,we assessed urinary microalbumin,kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1),creatinine(Scr),and urea nitrogen(BUN)levels in urine.Renal pathology was evaluated using HE and PAS staining.Furthermore,fecal samples underwent 16s RNA sequencing,and the serum TMAO levels were determined.Results Compared with the control group,the blood glucose,body weight,8-hour urinary microalbumin,KIM-1 and Scr in the model group were significantly increased,and the renal pathology showed that glomerular segmental mesangial matrix increased,glomerular volume hypertrophy and renal tubular epithelial cell swelling.The abundance of Lactobacillaceae and Lactobacillus in the model group was significantly increased(P<0.01).The abundance of Lachnospiraceae,Helicobacter and Oscillospira decreased significantly(P<0.01),the abundance of each bacterial group changed,and the serum TMAO content increased significantly.Compared with the model group,the 8h urinary microalbumin,KIM-1(P<0.01)and Scr(P<0.05)in the Jixiong Jiedu decoction group were significantly decreased,and there was no significant difference in BUN(P>0.05),and the renal pathological damage was significantly improved.The abundance of Lactobacillaceae and Lactobacillus in intestinal flora decreased significantly(P<0.01),while the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Oscillospira increased significantly(P<0.01,P<0.05).The structure of gut microbiota,the abundance of dominant and non-dominant bacteria were positively adjusted,and the serum TMAO content was significantly decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion Jixiong Jiedu decoction effectively ameliorates intestinal flora disorders in db/db mice and regulates serum TMAO levels,thereby exerting a nephroprotective effect.

Objective To explore the quantitative electroencephalography(qEEG)characteristics of the prefrontal cortex in patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI)during digital screening tasks for MCI screening.Methods A total of 592 MCI patients(MCI group)and 317 normal cognitively elderly individuals(control group)were recruited from 40 communities in Nanjing,Jiangsu Province,from July to August,2024.All participants were as-sessed using Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Beijing Version(MoCA-BJ).Prefrontal EEG data were collected using a portable EEG device,and power spectral analysis was performed via Fast Fourier Transform.An XG-Boost algorithm was employed to construct an MCI identification model based on qEEG power features,and the model's performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results Compared with the control group,prefrontal δ,α,and β band power increased during screening tasks in MCI group(P<0.05);δ power was negatively correlated with MoCA-BJ total scores,and visuospatial/executive func-tion,attention and delayed recall scores(r=-0.269,-0.169,-0.133,-0.171,P<0.001);α power was negative-ly correlated with MoCA-BJ total scores,attention and delayed recall scores(r=-0.113,-0.075,-0.091,P<0.05).The XGBoost model based on δ and α power was excellent in MCI identification,with an area under the curve of 0.91,accuracy of 0.81,precision of 0.89,F1 score of 0.84,recall of 0.80,and specificity of 0.81.Conclusion MCI patients exhibit increased power in the prefrontal δ and α frequency bands during digital screening tasks,which is associated with cognitive decline.An XGBoost model based on qEEG power features can enable early prediction of MCI.

Objective:To discuss the effect of microRNA(miR)-30c-5p on the proliferation,migration,and invasion of the human prostate cancer cells(LNCap),and to clarify its possible mechanism.Methods:The LNCap cells were divided into LNCap group(without plasmid transfection),miR-30c-5p mimic group(transfected with miR-30c-5p mimic),mimic NC group(transfected with miR-30c-5p mimic NC),sh-DNA damage inducible transcript 4(DDIT4)group(transfected with sh-DDIT4),sh-NC group(transfected with sh-DDIT4 NC),miR-30c-5p mimic+pc-DNA3.1-NC group(co-transfected with miR-30c-5p mimic and pc-DNA3.1 empty vector),and miR-30c-5p mimic+pc-DNA3.1-DDIT4 group(co-transfected with miR-30c-5p mimic and pc-DNA3.1-DDIT4 over-expression plasmid).The RWPE-1 cells were cultured normally.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)method was used to detect the expression levels of miR-30c-5p and DDIT4 mRNA in the cells in various groups;Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of DDIT4 protein in the cells in various groups;CCK-8 method was used to detect the proliferation rates of the LNCap cells in various groups;Transwell assay was used to detect the numbers of the invasion LNCap cells in various groups;Scratch assay was used to detect the scratch healing rates of LNCap cells in various groups;dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to detect the targeting relationship between miR-30c-5p and DDIT4.In the in vivo tumor formation experiment,18 male BALB/c nude mice were divided randomly into blank group,agomiR-NC group(transfected with agomiR-30c-5p NC),and agomiR-30c-5p group(transfected with agomiR-30c-5p);there were six mice in each group.The mice in agomiR-NC group and agomiR-30c-5p group were subcutaneously injected with LNCap cells,while the mice in blank group were given an equal volume of physiological saline.The volumes of tumor of the mice in various groups were detected.HE staining was used to observe the morphology of prostate cancer tissue the mice of in various groups;RT-qPCR method and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the expression levels of miR-30c-5p and DDIT4 mRNA and the fluorescence intensities of DDIT4 protein in prostate cancer tissue of the mice in various groups.Results:The In vitro prostate cancer cell experiment results showed that compared with RWPE-1 cells,the expression level of miR-30c-5p in the prostate cancer LNCap cells was decreased(P<0.01),and the expression levels of DDIT4 mRNA and protein were increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).After 48 of transfection,compared with LNCap group and mimic NC group,the expression level of miR-30c-5p in the LNCap cells in miR-30c-5p mimic group was increased(P<0.01).Compared with LNCap group and sh-NC group,the expression level of DDIT4 mRNA in the LNCap cells in sh-DDIT4 group was decreased(P<0.01).Compared with miR-30c-5p mimic group and miR-30c-5p mimic+pcDNA3.1 NC group,the expression level of miR-30c-5p in The LNCap cells in miR-30c-5p mimic+pc-DNA3.1-DDIT4 group was decreased(P<0.01);compared with miR-30c-5p mimic group and miR-30c-5p mimic+pcDNA3.1 NC group,the expression level of DDIT4 mRNA in the LNCap cells in miR-30c-5p mimic+pc-DNA3.1-DDIT4 group was increased(P<0.01);compared with miR-30c-5p mimic group and miR-30c-5p mimic+pcDNA3.1 NC group,the expression level of DDIT4 protein in the LNCap cells in miR-30c-5p mimic+pc-DNA3.1-DDIT4 group was increased(P<0.05).The CCK-8 method results showed that compared with LNCap group and mimic NC group,the proliferation rate of the LNCap cells in miR-30c-5p mimic group was decreased(P<0.01);compared with LNCap group and sh-NC group,the proliferation rate of the LNCap cells in sh-DDIT4 group was decreased(P<0.01);compared with miR-30c-5p mimic group and miR-30c-5p mimic+pcDNA3.1 NC group,the proliferation rate of the LNCap cells in miR-30c-5p mimic+pc-DNA3.1-DDIT4 group was increased(P<0.01).The Transwell assay results showed that compared with LNCap group and mimic NC group,the number of the invasion LNCap cells in miR-30c-5p mimic group was decreased(P<0.01);compared with LNCap group and sh-NC group,the number of invasion LNCap cells in sh-DDIT4 group was decreased(P<0.01);compared with miR-30c-5p mimic group and miR-30c-5p mimic+pcDNA3.1 NC group,the number of the invasion LNCap cells in miR-30c-5p mimic+pc-DNA3.1-DDIT4 group was increased(P<0.01).The scratch assay results showed that compared with LNCap group and mimic NC group,the scratch healing rate of the LNCap cells in miR-30c-5p mimic group was decreased(P<0.01);compared with LNCap group and sh-NC group,the scratch healing rate of the LNCap cells in sh-DDIT4 group was decreased(P<0.01);compared with miR-30c-5p mimic group and miR-30c-5p mimic+pcDNA3.1 NC group,the scratch healing rate of the LNCap cells in miR-30c-5p mimic+pc-DNA3.1-DDIT4 group was increased(P<0.01).The dual-luciferase reporter assay results showed that compared with the LNCap cells co-transfected with WT-DDIT4 and mimic NC,the luciferase activity of the LNCap cells co-transfected with WT-DDIT4 and miR-30c-5p mimic was decreased(P<0.01).The in vivo nude mouse tumor formation experiment results showed that on the 3 rd,6 th,9 th,12 th,and 15th days after cell injection,compared with blank group and agomiR-NC group,the tumor volumes of the nude mice in agomiR-30c-5p group were decreased(P<0.05).The HE staining results showed that in prostate cancer tissue of the mice in blank group and agomiR-NC group,the cell nuclei were enlarged,and nucleoli were prominent and deformed.In the mice in agomiR-30c-5p group,some regions of prostate cancer tissues results showed neatly arranged cells with normally shaped nuclei.The RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence staining showed that compared with agomiR-NC group,the expression level of miR-30c-5p in prostate cancer tissue of the mice in agomiR-30c-5p group was increased(P<0.01).Compared with blank group and agomiR-NC group,the expression level of DDIT4 mRNA in prostate cancer tissue of the mice in agomiR-30c-5p group was decreased(P<0.01).DDIT4 protein was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm.Compared with blank group and agomiR-NC group,the fluorescence intensity of DDIT4 protein in prostate cancer tissue of the mice in agomiR-30c-5p group was decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion:The expression level of miR-30c-5p in the prostate cancer LNCap cells is decreased,and it inhibits the proliferation,migration,and invasion of the prostate cancer cells by targeting downregulation of DDIT4,thereby participating in the occurrence and development of prostate cancer.

Objective To investigate the impact of type 2 inflammation markers blood eosinophils(EOS)and fractional exhaled nitric oxide(FeNO)on bronchodilator responsiveness(BDR)in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods This study was conducted among 389 patients with an established diagnosis of COPD in our hospital from October,2019 to October,2023,who all underwent bronchial dilation test(BDT)of the large and small airways.Based on smoking history,blood EOS,and FeNO,these patients were divided group A(blood EOS<300/μL+FeNO<35 ppb+smoking history<20 pack-years),group B(blood EOS<300/μL+FeNO<35 ppb+smoking history≥20 pack-years),group C(blood EOS≥300/μL or FeNO≥35 ppb+smoking history≥20 pack-years),and group D(blood EOS≥300/μL or FeNO≥35 ppb+smoking history<20 pack-years)for analyzing the relationship between clinical indexes and BDR.Results BDR evaluation based on forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV1),forced vital capacity(FVC),and maximum mid-expiratory flow(MMEF)yielded consistent results,all showing a younger mean age,higher FeNO levels,and higher blood EOS counts and percentages in patients positive for BDT(P<0.05).The improvement value and improvement rate of FEV1 were significantly lower in group A than in group D.The improvement value and improvement rate of FEV1 as well as the improvement rate of MMEF were significantly lower in group B than in group D.In the overall patients,age and FeNO were significantly correlated with the improvement value and improvement rate of FEV1 and the improvement rate of MMEF(P<0.05).Conclusion Type 2 inflammation markers have different effects on BDR in the large and small airways of COPD patients,and their clinical significance needs further investigation.

Objective To investigate the impact of type 2 inflammation markers blood eosinophils(EOS)and fractional exhaled nitric oxide(FeNO)on bronchodilator responsiveness(BDR)in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods This study was conducted among 389 patients with an established diagnosis of COPD in our hospital from October,2019 to October,2023,who all underwent bronchial dilation test(BDT)of the large and small airways.Based on smoking history,blood EOS,and FeNO,these patients were divided group A(blood EOS<300/μL+FeNO<35 ppb+smoking history<20 pack-years),group B(blood EOS<300/μL+FeNO<35 ppb+smoking history≥20 pack-years),group C(blood EOS≥300/μL or FeNO≥35 ppb+smoking history≥20 pack-years),and group D(blood EOS≥300/μL or FeNO≥35 ppb+smoking history<20 pack-years)for analyzing the relationship between clinical indexes and BDR.Results BDR evaluation based on forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV1),forced vital capacity(FVC),and maximum mid-expiratory flow(MMEF)yielded consistent results,all showing a younger mean age,higher FeNO levels,and higher blood EOS counts and percentages in patients positive for BDT(P<0.05).The improvement value and improvement rate of FEV1 were significantly lower in group A than in group D.The improvement value and improvement rate of FEV1 as well as the improvement rate of MMEF were significantly lower in group B than in group D.In the overall patients,age and FeNO were significantly correlated with the improvement value and improvement rate of FEV1 and the improvement rate of MMEF(P<0.05).Conclusion Type 2 inflammation markers have different effects on BDR in the large and small airways of COPD patients,and their clinical significance needs further investigation.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.