Rheumatoid arthritis belongs to arthralgia syndrome in the theory of traditional Chinese medicine， and cold-dampness obstruction syndrome and dampness-heat obstruction syndrome are core syndromes and main syndrome differentiation types of this disease. Fine therapeutic effects have been obtained in the long-term clinical practice of many famous traditional Chinese medicine practitioners following the syndrome differentiation and treatment based on the guiding principles of cold and heat. To adapt to the clinical diagnosis practice of combining disease differentiation and syndrome differentiation， and to better carry out basic research on integrated Chinese and Western medicine and preclinical study on new traditional Chinese medicines， Guidelines for Establishing Animal Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis with Cold-Dampness Obstruction Syndrome and Dampness-Heat Obstruction Syndrome （hereinafter referred to as the Guidelines） were compiled by our research group， in cooperation with the renowned experts in research fields including traditional Chinese medicine， clinical medicine， zoology and evidence-based medicine， which provide a meaningful reference for scientific research， teaching and clinical applications. The compilation process of the Guidelines was guided by the theory of disease and syndrome integration and the principles of "evidence takes the main place， consensus plays an auxiliary role， and experience serves as the reference". Based on the comprehensive evaluation of pathogenesis homology， behavioral phenotypic consistency， and drug treatment predictability compared between animal models and human diseases， by the nominal group method， "recommendations" were formed for recommendations supported by evidence， and "consensus recommendations" were formed for recommendations not supported by evidence. Guidelines were formed involving content such as animal types， arthritis modeling methods， external stimulation conditions， and modeling assessment indicators during the establishment of the animal models of rheumatoid arthritis with cold-dampness obstruction syndrome and dampness-heat obstruction syndrome. The Guidelines are applicable for the disease and syndrome research on rheumatoid arthritis， investigation of therapeutic mechanisms， and development of new traditional Chinese medicine. The Guidelines also provide a reference for the establishment of guidelines on other types of diseases and syndromes combined with animal models to further promote the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine research and its integration with international academic development.

The Guidelines for Establishing Animal Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis with Cold-dampness Obstruction Syndrome and Dampness-heat Obstruction Syndrome （hereinafter referred to as the Guidelines） （No. T/CACM1567-2024） was published by Chinese Association of Chinese Medicine on January 11， 2024. To assist researchers and medical workers in understanding and applying the Guidelines more accurately， and also to provide reference and assistance for the establishment of guidelines on other types of diseases and syndromes combined with animal models， this paper made a declaration of the workflow， technological links， development references， promotion of its application and after-effect evaluation of the Guidelines that has been made according to the requirements of "Draft Group Standard of the Standardization Office of the Chinese Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine".

Otitis media is an infection of the middle ear mainly caused by bacteria, and current treatments rely heavily on antibiotics. However, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains seriously affects their efficacy. In our study, we found that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human natural killer cells (NKs) inhibit the proliferation of both standard and levofloxacin (LVX)-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, compared to LVX, EVs were more effective at reducing effusion and rescuing hearing thresholds in animal models. For LVX-sensitive strains, EVs were significantly more effective in terms of curative time but not curative rate. For LVX-resistant strains, EVs were significantly more effective in terms of both curative rate and curative time when applied alone or applied jointly with LVX. In summary, we found that NK EVs are highly effective in treating otitis media, providing an alternative approach for treating this common disease.
Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism* ; Exosomes/metabolism* ; Animals ; Humans ; Otitis Media/therapy* ; Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology* ; Levofloxacin/pharmacology*

Delayed graft function in kidney transplant recipients is one of the common early complications after kidney transplantation,which is an independent risk factor affecting the short-term and long-term survival of renal allografts.Branch of Organ Transplantation of Chinese Medical Association and Branch of Kidney Transplantation of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care organized well-known Chinese experts in organ transplantation and related disciplines to formulate and discuss the determination of the scope and clinical problems,evidence retrieval and screening,and the formation of recommendations based on"Technical Specification for the Diagnosis and Treatment on Delayed Graft Function After Renal Transplantation(2019 edition)".After two rounds of collective examination and approval by Chinese Medical Association and China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care,"Guidelines for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Delayed Graft Function in Kidney Transplant Recipients in China"was finally formulated.This guideline puts forward recommendations and explanations regarding 21 clinical problems including the concept,mechanism,risk factors,diagnosis,prevention,treatment and application of immunosuppressive drugs for delayed graft function in kidney transplant recipients,aiming to standardize the diagnosis,prevention and treatment of delayed graft function in kidney transplant recipients,enhance clinical efficacy of kidney transplantation,prolong short-term and long-term survival of kidney transplant recipients and renal allografts and promote the development of the discipline of transplantation.

Objective:To construct a finite element analysis model for the application of sustentaculum tail sustentacular screw in the treatment of calcaneal fracture of Sanders type Ⅱ. The finite element analysis method was used to study the effectiveness of the simulation treatment of Sanders type Ⅱ calcaneal fracture.Methods:A complete adult calcaneal specimen that was not affecting the normal quality of bone after teaching in the Department of Human Anatomy, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University from 2021 to 2022 second semester was selected. A micro CT scan was performed to obtain data. The three-dimensional model of the calcaneus was reconstructed by the software of Mimics and Geomagic Wrap. The internal fixation and fracutre model were drawn using SolidWorks software. The obtained data were imported into the finite element analysis software for material assignment and meshing to obtain a three-dimensional finite element model. The load and boundary constraints were applied to each model to perform finite element analysis and calculation, and the stress and displacement of the model were extracted. Finally, the experimental screw placement of the calcaneus loading process was verified.Results:The three-dimensional model of calcaneal fracture had a high degree of appearance simulation, complete morphological structure, no defect, and was consistent with the size of the solid calcaneus. After surgical treatment, the anatomical reduction of each fracture model was good, the steel plate fit to the bone surface, and the screw did not protrude outside the model. There was no deformation or damage to the whole internal fixation, the grid division was clear, and the number was relatively uniform and consistent. The maximum stress in each type of calcaneal fracture model was in the internal fixation, and the overall stress was uniformly distributed in each component. The maximum displacement distance of each type of calcaneal fracture was less than 0.13 mm, and the angles and lengths of nails were accurate. The tip of the Kirschner wires was located in the sustentaculum tail. There was no rupture of the sustentaculum tali and no protrusion of the Kirschner wires.Conclusions:The internal fixation is an effective method to treat the Sanders type Ⅱ calcaneal fractures by using sustentaculum tail sustentacular screws.

Humans ; Bipolar Disorder ; Schizophrenia ; Depression ; Electroencephalography

Purpose: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with metabolic diseases, including obesity and diabetes, and has gradually become the most common cause of chronic liver disease. We investigated the effects of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor canagliflozin on NAFLD in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice and possible underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal-diet, HFD, or HFD with canagliflozin for 14 weeks. AML-12 hepatocytes were treated with canagliflozin. Expression of related pathways was assessed. Results: Canagliflozin administration reduced body weight and fat mass, compared with HFD alone. Canagliflozin improved glucose and lipid metabolic disorders. Compared with HFD-fed mice, liver weight, serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels, and hepatic lipid accumulation were decreased after canagliflozin administration. Additionally, canagliflozin upregulated lipolysis markers (CPT1a, ACOX1, and ACADM), downregulated lipogenesis markers (SREBP-1c and FASN), and suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, MCP1, IL-1β, and IL-6), consistent with significantly increased LC3 II/I and Atg7 levels in the liver following canagliflozin treatment. In vitro, canagliflozin increased CPT1a, ACOX1, and ACADM expression, decreased SREBP-1c and FASN protein expression, and reduced TNFα, MCP1, IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNA levels in lipid mixture (LM)-induced hepatocytes in a dose-dependent manner. These changes were reversed by 3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor. Conclusion Our findings suggest that canagliflozin ameliorates the pathogenesis of NAFLD by regulating lipid metabolism and inhibiting inflammation, which may be associated with its promotion of autophagy.

Objective:To compare the clinical effects of minimally invasive reduction through a bone tunnel combined with Jail screwing and those of posterolateral locking plating in the treatment of simple posterolateral tibial plateau fractures.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted of the data of 48 patients who had been operatively treated and completely followed up at Department of Orthopedics, Suqian Hospital of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group for simple posterolateral tibial plateau fractures from October 2016 to October 2020. There were 26 males and 22 females, aged from 35 to 68 years. They were divided into a minimally invasive group (25 cases subjected to minimally invasive reduction through a bone tunnel combined with Jail screwing) and an incision group (23 cases subjected to posterolateral locking plating) according to their surgical methods. The operation time, incision length, intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing time, cumulative fluoroscopy time, hospital stay and posterior inclination angles of the tibial plateau and Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee function scores at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after operation were compared between the 2 groups. Complications in the 2 groups of patients were recorded.Results:There was no significant difference in the preoperative general data between the 2 groups, showing comparability ( P>0.05). The 48 patients were followed up for 12 to 36 months (average 16.5 months). The minimally invasive group was significantly better than the incision group in operation time [(42.6±9.1) min versus (65.7±11.5) min], incision length [(4.0±0.4) cm versus (15.0±1.5) cm], intraoperative blood loss[(22.6±5.8) mL versus (31.5±8.8) mL], hospital stay [(7.6±1.4) d versus (11.1±2.4) d], and HSS score one month after operation [(84.8±1.9) points versus (72.9±4.1) points], but the cumulative fluoroscopy time in the incision group [(4.1±1.4) s]was significantly less than that in the minimally invasive group [(22.3±4.2) s] ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in fracture healing time, HSS scores at 3, 6, 9, or 12 months after operation, or posterior inclination angle of the tibial plateau between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). There were no such complications as wound infection, vascular injury, internal fixation failure, nonunion or malunion of fractures in either of the 2 groups. Two cases in the incision group presented with symptoms of common peroneal nerve injury but recovered 3 months after operation. Conclusions:Although both minimally invasive reduction through a bone tunnel combined with Jail screwing and posterolateral locking plating can achieve satisfactory outcomes in the treatment of simple posterolateral tibial plateau fractures, the minimally invasive technique is preferable because it shows the advantages of a smaller incision, less bleeding, shorter operation time, a lower operation risk, quicker postoperative recovery and shorter hospital stay.

PURPOSE: Hemodynamically unstable patients with pelvic fractures still represent a challenge to trauma surgeons and have a very high mortality. This study was designed to explore the effect of the interventions of direct preperitoneal pelvic packing for the hemodynamically unstable pelvic fractures. METHODS: This retrospective study enrolled 67 cases of severe pelvic fractures with unstable hemodynamics from October 2011 to December 2019. All patients presented in our emergency center and received preperitoneal pelvic packing were included in this study. The indication was persistent systolic blood pressure ≤90 mmHg during initial resuscitation and after transfusion of two units of red blood cells. Patients with hemodynamic stability who need no preperitoneal pelvic packing to control bleeding were excluded. Their demographic characteristics, clinical features, laboratory results, therapeutic interventions, adverse events, and prognostic outcomes were collected from digital information system of electronic medical records. Statistics were described as mean ± standard deviation or medium and analyzed using pair sample t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS: The patients' average age was 41.6 years, ranging from 10 to 88 years. Among them, 45 cases were male (67.2%) and 22 cases were female (32.8%). Significant difference was found regarding the systolic blood pressure (mmHg) in the emergency department (78.4 ± 13.9) and after preperitoneal pelvic packing in the surgery intensive care unit (100.1 ± 17.6) (p < 0.05). Simultaneously, the arterial base deficit (mmol/L) were significantly lower in the surgery intensive care unit (median -6, interquartile range -8 to -2) than in the emergency department (median -10, interquartile range -14 to -8) (p < 0.05). After preperitoneal pelvic packing, 15 patients (22.4%) underwent pelvic angiography for persistent hypotension or suspected ongoing haemorrhage. The overall mortality rate was 29.5% (20 of 67). CONCLUSIONS Preperitoneal pelvic packing, as a useful surgical technique, is less invasive and can be very efficient in early intra-pelvic bleed control.

Objective:To explore the effect of nursery-led multidisciplinary evidence-based intervention in the management of anticoagulation in inpatients with oral warfarin.Methods:In this study, Quasi-experimental research was adopted. 478 patients were selected as the baseline review group on August 1st, 2019 and December 31th, 2019, and 494 patients were selected as the after-effect evaluation group on February 1st, 2020 and May 31th, 2020 in cardiovascular surgery and cardiovascular medicine. Established a multidisciplinary team, according to theoretical framework basing on the evidence of continuous quality improvement model, combining with evidence and clinical practice to develop evidence-based solutions, the comparison of international normalized ratio (INR) before and after the intervention in the percentage of time in therapeutic range (TTR) and anticoagulant related the incidence of complications.Results:Before and after the multidisciplinary evidence-based intervention, the mean TTR of the patients were (51.67±31.04)% and (64.34±26.37)%, with statistically significant differences ( tvalue was 6.958, P<0.01); the incidence of bleeding and embolization was not statistically significant ( χ 2values were 0.294 and 0.268, P>0.05). Conclusion:Nursing-led multidisciplinary evidence-based interventions can improve the intensity and stability of oral warfarin anticoagulant therapy in inpatients.