OBJECTIVES: To explore the protective effect of vitexin-4 ″-O-glucoside (VOG) against acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury in mice and its underlying mechanism. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group, model control group, low-dose group of VOG (30 mg/kg), and high-dose group of VOG (60 mg/kg). Acute liver injury was induced by intraperitoneal injection of acetaminophen (500 mg/kg). VOG was administrated by gavage 2 h before acetaminophen treatment in VOG groups. The protective effect of VOG against acute liver injury was evaluated by detecting alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) levels and hematoxylin and eosin staining. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity in liver were detected to evaluate the hepatic oxidative stress. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Il-1β, and Il-6 in liver were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The expression levels of phosphorylated c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/JNK, phosphorylated p38/p38, inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE-1α), X-box binding protein 1s (XBP1s), and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) in liver were detected by Western blotting. An endoplasmic reticulum stress model was established in AML-12 cells using tunicamycin. Cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay, and the degree of cell damage was detected by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. The gene expression levels of Ire-1α, Xbp1s, and Grp78 in the cells were detected using qRT-PCR. RESULTS: In the animal experiments, compared with the model control group, VOG significantly improved plasma ALT and AST levels, liver MDA content, as well as SOD and CAT activities. VOG also reduced the expression levels of Tnf-α, Il-1β, and Il-6 in the liver, and improved protein phosphorylation levels of JNK and p38, as well as the protein expression levels of IRE-1α, XBP1s, and GRP78. In cell experiments, VOG pretreatment enhanced cell viability, reduced LDH release and decreased the mRNA expression of Ire-1α, Xbp1s, and Grp78. CONCLUSIONS VOG can suppress inflammation and oxidative stress, and alleviate acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury in mice by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress and modulating the MAPK signaling pathway.
Animals ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP ; Mice ; Acetaminophen/adverse effects* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/prevention & control* ; Glucosides/therapeutic use* ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects* ; Male ; Apigenin/therapeutic use* ; Liver/drug effects* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism* ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects* ; X-Box Binding Protein 1 ; Endoribonucleases/metabolism* ; Interleukin-1beta/metabolism* ; Interleukin-6/metabolism* ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases

As an emerging bio-additive manufacturing technology, 4-Dimensional bioprinting introduces the dimension of time into traditional 3D printing, enabling printed structures to change their shape or functionality under specific stimuli. The essence of 4D bioprinting lies in its ability to mimic the dynamic nature of biological tissues, offering new possibilities in the fields of tissue engineering, drug delivery systems, and artificial organs. However, clinical applications of this technology also face certain challenges. This article introduces types and characteristics of intelligent materials, as well as the research progress in 4D bioprinting technology in such orthopedic fields as bone defect repair, cartilage repair, and fracture fixation devices.

Isochrysis galbana is considered an ideal bait for functional foods and nutraceuticals of humans because of its high fucoxanthin(Fx)content.However,multi-omics analysis of the regula-tory networks for Fx biosynthesis in I.galbana has not been reported.In this study,we report a high-quality genome assembly of I.galbana LG007,which has a genome size of 92.73 Mb,with a contig N50 of 6.99 Mb and 14,900 protein-coding genes.Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the monophyly of Haptophyta,with I.galbana sister to Emiliania huxleyi and Chrysochromulina tobinii.Evolutionary analysis revealed an estimated divergence time between I.galbana and E.huxleyi of～133 million years ago.Gene family analysis indicated that lipid metabolism-related genes exhibited significant expansion,including IgPLMT,IgOAR1,and IgDEGS1.Metabolome analysis showed that the content of carotenoids in I.galbana cultured under green light for 7 days was higher than that under white light,and β-carotene was the main carotenoid,accounting for 79.09％of the total carotenoids.Comprehensive multi-omics analysis revealed that the content of β-carotene,antheraxanthin,zeaxanthin,and Fx was increased by green light induction,which was significantly correlated with the expression of IgMYB98,IgZDS,IgPDS,IgLHCX2,IgZEP,IgLCYb,and IgNSY.These findings contribute to the understanding of Fx biosynthesis and its regulation,pro-viding a valuable reference for food and pharmaceutical applications.

Objective: To compare the clinical effects of two different skin preparation methods for infant craniocerebral surgery. Methods: Totally 120 infants who were going to receive craniocerebral surgery were divided into two groups by random number table, 60 cases in the observation group and 60 cases in the control group. The scalp of both groups was cleaned with moisturizing oil every day from 3 days before operation. On 1 day before operation, the observation group used electric shaver to shave off all hair on the head, and then rinsed with warm water. The control group was treated with skin preparation knife to shave all the hair under soap water lubrication and rinse with warm water. The skin injury rate, incision infection rate and pain score of the two groups were evaluated. Results: The incidence of skin injury and incision infection were 0 and 1.7% (1/60) in the observation group, 18.3% (11/60) and 13.3% (8/60) in the control group, respectively. There were significant differences between the two groups (χ²= 12.110, 5.886, all P < 0.01 or 0.05). The median score of pain in the observation group was 0 (Q₁:0, Q₃:0), while 1.5 (Q₁:1, Q₃:2) in the control group, and there were significant differences between the two groups (Z= 3.286, P < 0.01). Conclusion Electric shaver is superior to skin preparation knife in shaving hair of infants. It not only reduces the incidence of head skin injury, incision infection and pain in the process of skin preparation, but also reduces the incidence of incision infection after craniocerebral surgery in infants. It is worth popularizing.

Objective To evaluate the safety,effectiveness and clinical factors of re-intervention of transjugular intrahepatic porto-systemic shunt (TIPS).Methods A retrospective study of safety and longterm outcomes of TIPS was made in 771 patients from August 1994 to August 2010.The 625 patients had follow-up data.The patients who received TIPS once,twice,and more than twice were divided into group 1,group 2 and group 3,respectively.Clinical symptoms,survival rate and restenosis rate of each group were analyzed.Clinical influencing factors of re-intervention effect were discussed.Results The success rate of first intervention was 98.2％ (757/771),the death rate was 0.7％ (5/757) and severe complication rate was 2.5％ (19/757).The success rate of re-intervention was 98.7％ (457/463),no death and severe complications occurred.The restenosis rate in group 3 decreased significantly than group 1 ( x2 =7.908,P ＜0.05 ) in the first year of TIPS.The restenosis rates in group 2 and group 3 were lower than group 1 from 2 to 5 years of TIPS ( x2 values were 27.046,25.724,37.002 and 19.046,respectively,P ＜ 0.05 ). The survival rate in group 3 was higher than group 1 (x2 =9.114,P＜0.05)and group 2 was higher than group 1 ( x2 =4.929,P ＜ 0.05 ) in the first year of TIPS,while there was no statistical difference between group 2 and group 3 ( x2 =2.678,P ＞ 0.05).The patients in group 2 and group 3 also had higher survival rates than group 1 from 2 to 5 years of TIPS (x2 value were 41.314,26.920,13.692 and 6.713,respectively,P ＜ 0.05 ).19.4％ (79/406)of patients who received re-intervention had symptom recurrence and shunt stenosis or occlusion. 11.6％ (47/406) of patients had symptom recurrence with portal hypertension signs,62.8％ (255/406) had shunt stenosis or occlusion with portal hypertension signs.Conclusions Restenosis or occlusion of TIPS,symptom recurrence and portal hypertension signs were important factors for re-intervention.Re-intervention of TIPS was safe and effective,and could improve the survival rate of patients with TIPS.

0.05).Conclusion The SIS method not only can determine multiple index in Chinese materia medica(CMM)simultaneously,but also be simple and accurate.It will be a good quality evaluation pattern for CMM.