Ultrasound-guided local ablation therapy for liver tumors has extensive clinical application because of its minimal invasiveness, proven effectiveness, low complication rates, and suitability for repeat treatments. Ultrasound-guided interventional therapy has continuously evolved in terms of the following: technological advancements, from the initial utilization of percutaneous ethanol injection to thermal ablation therapies exemplified by radiofrequency ablation and microwave ablation and presently advancing toward emerging techniques such as irreversible electroporation; imaging methods, from conventional ultrasound guidance to contrast-enhanced ultrasound and fusion imaging for precise guidance and assessment; supplementary strategies, from monotherapy to auxiliary method and synergistic therapy; and innovative treatment concepts, from early-stage small hepatocellular carcinoma to intermediate and even large liver cancers. The development of ultrasound-guided local ablation of liver cancers has progressed from an initial phase of rapid advancement to a mature stage characterized by further enhancements. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the status of technical equipment, treatment processes, efficacy, complications, and challenges encountered in ultrasound-guided local ablation for liver tumors, with the objective of offering valuable insights for interventional ultrasound physicians.

Objective:To explore the molecular mechanism through which repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) promotes nerve regeneration after ischemic stroke.Methods:The miRNA expression profile in rats after rTMS was downloaded from the GEO database. Differentially-expressed miRNAs were identified using R software, and their corresponding mRNAs were predicted using the online database in order to construct miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks and identify the key miRNAs. The protein interaction network encoded by each gene was constructed by functional enrichment analysis, and the core mRNAs in the network were identified. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats of a specific pathogen-free grade were randomly divided into a sham operation group, a model group and a magnetic stimulation group, each of 8, and a stroke model was induced in the model and magnetic stimulation groups. The magnetic stimulation group then received rTMS for 7 consecutive days, while the other 2 groups did not. Modified neural function scores (mNSSs) were used to quantify neural function deficits before the experiment and 1, 3 and 7 days after the modeling. Eight days after the modeling, brain tissues were sampled for hematoxylin-eosin and Nishin staining to observe tissue loss and neuron morphology. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reactions were employed to verify the differential gene expression in the ischemic cortex.Results:A total of 167 different miRNAs were screened, and 25 mRNAs were predicted. Enrichment analysis showed that those genes are related to the positive regulation of cell migration and the positive regulation of neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathways, including adenylate-activated protein kinase, the neurotrophic factor pathway, and rat sarcoma signaling pathways. The miRNA-mRNA regulatory network highlighted miR-206-3p, miR-378a-3p, miR-107-3p, miR-92a-3p and miR-29b-3p as key miRNAs. Integrin subunit β1, aquaporin 4, brain-derived nerve growth factor (BDNF), and member 4 of solutes vector family 2 were identified as key mRNAs by the protein interaction network analysis. Seven days after the modeling, the average mNSS score of the magnetic stimulation group was significantly lower than the model group′s average. Compared with the model group, the expression of miR-206-3p in the right cortex of the magnetic stimulation group had decreased significantly, while BDNF expression had increased significantly.Conclusions:miR-206-3p-BDNF pathways play an important role in neural repair promoted by rTMS.

Objective:To observe the clinical features, treatment and prognosis of ciliary body tumors.Methods:A retrospective clinical study. From November 2011 to March 2023, 8 cases (8 eyes) with ciliary body tumours confirmed by pathohistological examination at the Department of Ocular Oncology, Beijing Tongren Hospital were included in the study. Patients' age, gender, involved eyes, symptoms, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure, cataract, lens subluxation, and imaging manifestations were collected in detail. All affected eyes were treated surgically. The follow-up time after surgery ranged from 1 to 10 years. The patients' clinical presentation as well as imaging, pathohistological features and treatment and prognosis were analysed retrospectively.Results:Among 8 cases (8 eyes), there were 3 males (3 eyes) and 5 females (5 eyes), 3 and 5 eyes in the right and left eyes, respectively. The median age was 44 years. Ciliary body medulloepitheliomas, melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, leiomyoma, schwannoma, and adenoma of the nonpigmcnted ciliary epithelium were in 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, and 1 eyes, respectively. All reported decreased or loss of vision. Cataract, vitreous opacity, red eye and or (ocular pain), retinal detachment, lens subluxation, and secondary glaucoma were 6, 4, 4, 2, 1, and 1 eyes, respectively. Diagnostic imaging was consistent with pathological findings in 3 eyes. The first surgery was performed for enucleation and orbital implantation in 2 eyes, the patients were 9 and 10 years old with medullary epithelioma; the follow-up time after surgery was 1 and 5 years, respectively. Local tumour resection was performed in 6 eyes. Among them, 3 eyes with benign tumours were followed up for 1 to 9 years after surgery; 2 eyes showed significant improvement in visual acuity, 1 eye with adenoma of the nonpigmcnted ciliary epithelium had a preoperative BCVA of finger count/1 m, and a postoperative BCVA of 0.5, and 1 eye with leiomyoma had a preoperative BCVA of 0.06, and a postoperative BCVA of 0.5; and 1 eye was lost to follow-up. Malignant tumour in 3 eyes, of which 2 eyes recurred after surgery. Re-operation for enucleation and local tumour excision combined with local cryotherapy in 2 eyes of recurrence were 1 eye each, respectively. The follow-up period after surgery was 2 and 4 years, respectively. No recurrence after surgery in 1 eye, but there was no significant improvement in visual acuity during follow-up. No recurrence or metastasis was observed in any of the eyes during the follow-up period or at the final follow-up.Conclusions:Ciliary body tumour types and clinical presentations are complex and varied; imaging can detect tumours but is poor at determining the nature of the lesion. Benign tumours do well with local excision surgery; malignant tumours do well with enucleation.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of prior statins use on the in-hospital mortality of adult sepsis patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).Methods:A total of 3 545 sepsis patients with T2DM were retrospectively collected from the Critical Care Medical Information Market (MIMIC Ⅳ) database, with in-hospital mortality rate as the outcome variable. According to whether they have taken statins in the past, they were divided into two groups and propensity score matching was used. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to calculate the adjusted hazard ratio ( HR) and 95% CI, and the relationship between past statins use and in-hospital mortality in sepsis patients with T2DM was analyzed. Results:A total of 3 545 sepsis patients with T2DM were included between 2008 and 2016. 1 556 patients used statins before admission, and 1 989 patients did not use statins. After propensity score matching, the number of patients who had previously used statins and those who had not used statins were 1 230 and 1 298, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, it was found that previous use of statins was associated with a reduced in-hospital mortality rate ( HR=0.82, 95% CI: 0.61-0.99, P=0.038). Kaplan Meier curves showed that sepsis patients with T2DM who used statins before admission had a lower in-hospital mortality rate (Log rank test: P<0.001). Conclusions:Pre admission use of statins may be associated with a reduced mortality rate in sepsis patients with concomitant T2DM.

IgG4-associated disease (gG4-RD) is a systemic immune-mediated fibroinflammatory disease that can involve almost all organs and systems, and the main clinical manifestations are enlargement or mass of the affected organs. The typical pathological features of the disease are a large number of lymphocytoplasmic infiltration in the pathological tissue, accompanied by mat fibrosis and obliterated phlebitis, and most patients may have elevated serum IgG4 levels. At present, the specific pathogenesis of the disease is not clear. In recent years, the mechanism of intestinal microbiome dysregulation in the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases has been gradually clarified. However, the association between the gut microbiome and IgG4-RD is still poorly understood. Therefore, this article will review the progress of intestinal microbiome research of IgG4-RD.

Objective:To investigate the effects of high-energy shock and vibration on cortex injury and peripheral blood immune cells in goats.Methods:Seventeen Boer goats without gender preference were selected. By using random number tables, the goats were divided into normal control group ( n=5) and shock and vibration injury group ( n=12). The goats in the normal control group were anatomized routinely and their brain was collected after being sacrificed without any other treatment. The goats in the high-energy shock and vibration model group were placed on a loading table (part of the BY10-100 instant shock and vibration simulation platform) in a restrained state, and made into a high-energy shock and vibration injury model induced by a vertical impact waveform generator. The intravenous blood samples were taken from the goats in the shock and vibration injury group before and at 0, 3, 6 and 24 hours after injury.Then, the goats were sacrificed and the following procedures were the same as the normal control group. At 24 hours after injury, the brain injury and the histopathological changes of the cerebral cortex in the normal control group and shock and vibration injury group were observed by gross pathological and anatomical examination and HE staining. The mRNA expression of zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), tight junction protein 5 (Claudin-5), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA-1), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and cluster of differentiation antigen 177 (CD177) of the cerebral cortex in the normal control group and shock and vibration injury group were measured through fluorogenic quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The expression of ZO-1 and Claudin-5 proteins of the cerebral cortex in the normal control group and shock and vibration injury group were detected by Western blotting. Hematology analyzer and coagulation analyzer were used to detect white blood cell count, neutrocyte, lymphocyte, monocyte, prothrombin time 1 (PT-1), prothrombin time international normalized ratio (PT-INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), prothrombin activity (PTA) and fibrinogen (FIB) levels in goats of the shock and vibration injury group before and at 0, 3, 6 and 24 hours after injury, respectively. Results:At 24 hours after injury, no visible contusion or necrosis was found in goat brain tissue in the shock and vibration injury group; the cerebral micro-vessels presented with a local dilation, hyperemia, edema, aggregation of inflammatory cells, disruption of vessel walls and leakage of red blood cells. These changes were not observed in the normal control group. In the shock and vibration injury group, ZO-1 and Claudin-5 mRNA expressions in the cerebral cortex were 0.25±0.10 and 0.09(0.04, 0.44) respectively, which were significantly lower than those of the normal control group [1.00±0.15 and 0.99(0.80, 1.20)]; GFAP, IBA-1, IL-1β, IL-6 and CD177 mRNA expression levels were 4.40(3.88, 6.75), 2.60±1.07, 3.04±0.51, 2.71±0.45 and 2.93±0.62 respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the normal control group [1.00(0.78, 1.22), 1.00±0.37, 1.00±0.27, 1.00±0.57 and 1.00±0.35]; ZO-1 and Claudin-5 protein expression levels were 0.41±0.06 and 0.42±0.11 respectively, which were significantly lower than those of the normal control group (1.08±0.12 and 0.91±0.23) (all P<0.01). In the shock and vibration injury group, the levels of white blood count, neutrocyte, and lymphocyte in peripheral blood were (13.7±3.3)×10 9/L, (35.3±14.8)% and (57.2±15.1)% respectively before injury, (19.4±3.1)×10 9/L, (60.5±12.5)% and (33.6±14.2)% respectively at 3 hours after injury, and (20.6±3.6)×10 9/L, (63.6±13.0)% and (30.9±15.0)% respectively at 6 hours after injury. By contrast, the levels of white blood count and neutrocyte were significantly increased but the level of lymphocyte was significantly decreased at 3 and 6 hours after injury ( P<0.05 or 0.01); the levels of the above indicators showed no significant changes at 0 and 24 hours after injury (all P>0.05); the level of monocyte did not change significantly at all time points before and after injury (all P>0.05). The levels of PT-1, PT-INR, APTT, TT, PTA and FIB in the shock and vibration injury group did not change significantly at each time point before and after injury (all P>0.05). Conclusion:Cerebral cortex microvascular injury and disruption of blood-brain barrier can be initiated in the early stage of high-energy shock and vibration injury in goats, accompanied by the presence of central and peripheral inflammatory response.

Objective:To evaluate the accuracy of bedside lung ultrasound in predicting postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in the patients undergoing radical resection of gastrointestinal cancer.Methods:One hundred and eight patients of both sexes, aged >18 yr, undergoing elective radical resection of gastrointestinal cancer with general anesthesia, were enrolled in the study. Lung ultrasound was performed before surgery (T 1) and at 2, 4 and 7 days after surgery (T 2-4). Lung ultrasound score (LUS) and B-line score were recorded. Serum procalcitonin (PCT) concentrations and blood routine were recorded, and systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) was calculated. All the patients underwent chest CT examination before surgery and 7 days after surgery. The results of chest CT and clinical diagnosis were used as the gold standard for PPCs. The occurrence of PPCs within 7 days after surgery was recorded. The patients were divided into PPCs group and non-PPCs group according to the development of PPCs. Spearman′s correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation of B-line score and LUS with PPCs, PCT and SII. The receiver operating curve was used to evaluate the accuracy of B-line score and LUB in predicting PPCs. Results:One hundred and three patients were finally enrolled in the study, including 45 patients in PPCs group and 58 patients in non-PPCs group, and the incidence of PPCs was 43.7%. Both B-line score and LUS were positively correlated with PPCs at T 1 ( P<0.001), and B-line score and LUS were positively correlated with PCT and SII at T 2-4 ( P<0.001). The AUC (95% confidence interval) of B-line score and LUB in predicting PPCs were 0.926 (0.879-0.972) and 0.909 (0.852-0.965), respectively ( P<0.001), the best cut-off values of B-line score and LUB in predicting PPCs were set at 25.5 and 11.5 respectively, and the sensitivity and specificity of B-line score were 0.80 and 0.88 respectively, and the sensitivity and specificity of LUB were 0.78 and 0.93 respectively. Conclusions:Bedside pulmonary ultrasonography (B-line score and LUS) can accurately predict the occurrence of PPCs in the patients undergoing radical resection of gastrointestinal cancer and dynamically evaluate the condition of PPCs, and B-line score >25.5 and LUS score >11.5 indicate a high risk of PPCs.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the long-term efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) in patients with Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS), which has rarely been reported in China. METHODS: A 18-month-old boy and a 23-month-old girl undergoing alloHSCT for MPS VI and MPS IH Shanghai Children's Medical Center on March 30, 2006 and September 6, 2006 were selected as the study subjects. A busulfan-based myeloablative regimen was used as the conditioning regimen. Peripheral stem cells were respectively collected from a human leucocyte antigen (HLA) matched sibling carrier donor and a HLA 9/10 matched unrelated donor. Both patients were followed up for more than 15 years. The functions of internal organs before and after the transplantation were compared, and child 1 was also compared with his untreated brother and healthy brother. RESULTS: Both children have achieved full donor chimerism after the transplantation, and their enzymatic activities have remained stable. The enzymatic activity of the child 1 was slightly lower than normal but similar to that of his carrier donor, whilst that of the child 2 was normal. Both children have attended schools with good academic performance. Compared with his untreated brother, the respiratory function and hearing of child 1 have significantly improved. However, his orthopedic and cardiac disorders have still remained and required medical intervention. For child 2, her obstructive pulmonary disease was resolved and cognitive development was well preserved after the HSCT. Her heart disease has become stabilized and even improved with time, though her corneal clouding and skeletal malformation still required surgery. CONCLUSION MPS patients can sustain long-term and stable enzymatic activities after successful alloHSCT. Compared with untreated patients, their health can be significantly improved, along with considerably prolonged survival, though the long-term efficacy of HSCT for different organs may vary to a certain extent.
Humans ; Child ; Male ; Female ; Infant ; Child, Preschool ; Graft vs Host Disease/etiology* ; China ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects* ; Mucopolysaccharidoses/etiology* ; Busulfan ; Treatment Outcome

Anti-seizure medications (ASMs) are the main therapy for epilepsy.There are many kinds of ASMs with complex mechanism of action, so it is difficult for pharmacists to examine prescriptions.This paper put forward some suggestions on the indications, dosage forms/routes of administration, appropriateness of usage and dosage, combined medication and drug interaction, long-term prescription review, individual differences in pathophysiology of children, and drug selection when complicated with common epilepsy, for the reference of doctors and pharmacists.

【Objective】 To investigate the preparation quality and clinical application effect of pooled platelets with leukocytes reduced. 【Methods】 The quality and clinical effect of the buffy-coated method prepared pooled platelets leukocytes reduced (experimental group, n=40) and apheresis platelets leukocytes reduced (control group, n=40) were compared. 【Results】 The platelet volume (mL), platelet count (×10¹¹), red blood cell contamination (×10⁸) and residual white blood cell (×10⁶) of the experimental group and control group were 278.90±7.92 vs 276.52±8.01, 2.66±0.09 vs 2.66±0.83, 0.54±0.42 vs 0.83±0.84, 0.29±0.54 vs 0.27±0.51, respectively, with no significant difference. The results of bacterial culture were negative, all met the requirements of relevant national standards. In addition, the CCI (×10^3, 24 h) and PPR (%) were 15.11±9.86 vs 14.61±12.55 and 54.23±18.70 vs 61.41±19.09 respectively, with no significant difference, indicating a certain degree of therapeutic effect. 【Conclusion】 The quality and clinical therapeutic effect of pooled platelets leukocytes reduced were consistent with that of apheresis platelets leukocytes reduced.