Liver diseases cannot be easily detected in the early stage， and although invasive diagnostic methods， such as liver biopsy， are relatively accurate， they tend to have a low degree of acceptance， which greatly limits the improvement in diagnosis and treatment techniques for liver diseases. Therefore， it is of great importance to search for new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. As an emerging biomarker for liquid biopsy， tRNA-derived small RNA （tsRNA） is abnormally expressed in various liver diseases including viral hepatitis， fatty liver disease， liver injury， and liver cancer， and it can affect the development and progression of liver diseases by regulating the biological functions such as gene expression， epigenetic regulation， and protein translation. This article reviews the origin， classification， and biological function of tsRNA， as well as the research advances in tsRNA as biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for liver diseases， so as to provide ideas for the early diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases.

Objective To investigate the role and mechanism of the zinc finger protein Kruppel-like transcription factor 9 (KLF9) in the stimulation of type I interferon expression induced by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in macrophages. Methods Agarose Gel electrophoresis, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot analyses were employed to detect the KLF9 relative expression in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from Klf9^-/- (gKO) mice and wild-type (WT) mice. RNA-seq analysis was utilized to identify the potential targeted genes upon HSV-1 stimulation in BMDMs. ELISA was used to measure the potent of IFN-β in the supernatant of BMDMs derived from gKO and WT mice after HSV-1 stimulation. qRT-PCR analysis was employed to further confirm the changes of Ifnb1 and interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) such as interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 (Ifit1), interferon-stimulated exonuclease gene 20 (Isg20), cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (Ch25h) and 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase-like 1 (Oasl1). Western blot was used to detect the expression of phosphorylated interferon regulatory factor-3 (p-IRF3), IRF3, phosphorylated interferon regulatory factor-7 (p-IRF7), IRF7, phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappa B p65 (p-NF-κB p65) and NF-κB p65. CUT-Tag and ChIP-qPCR assay were utilized to confirm the binding region of KLF9 in Ifnb1. Results The KLF9 expression was significantly decreased in BMDMs from gKO mice compared with that from WT mice. The RNA-seq analysis showed that Klf9 deletion in BMDMs resulted in an impaired type I interferon signaling pathway. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed that Klf9 deletion in BMDMs led to a significant decrease of Ifnb1 and ISG such as Ifit1, Ch25h and Oasl1 except Isg20. Moreover, ELISA revealed that Klf9 knockout in BMDMs resulted in a significant decrease of IFN-β secreted from BMDMs. Mechanistically, KLF9 directly binds to the promoter of Ifnb1. Conclusion KLF9 is essential for macrophages to resist HSV-1 infection.
Animals ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/physiology* ; Interferon-beta/metabolism* ; Macrophages/virology* ; Mice ; Herpesvirus 1, Human/physiology* ; Mice, Knockout ; Signal Transduction ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Interferon Regulatory Factor-3/genetics* ; Interferon Regulatory Factor-7/genetics* ; Gene Expression Regulation

OBJECTIVE To establish a quantitative fingerprint analysis method for sugar components in Yuanhu Zhitong oral liquid using high performance liquid chromatography-charged aerosol detection(HPLC-CAD). METHODS Chromatographic column was NH2P-50 4E(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) column. Water(A) and acetonitrile(B) were used as the mobile phase in the gradient elute mode. The column temperature was 30 ℃. The injection volume was 10 μL. The flow rate was 0.6 mL·min−1. The evaporation temperature of CAD was 35 ℃. The acquisition frequency was 10 Hz. The power function value was 1.0. RESULTS The linear relationship of the quantitative component was good within the quantitative range, with R2>0.999. The relative standard deviations(RSDs) of instrument precision, intermediate precision and method repeatability were all <3%. The test solution was stable within 24 h. The average recoveries at low, medium and high concentration levels ranged 97.15%−101.13%. There were 5 common peaks in the fingerprint. The RSDs of instrument precision, method repeatability and sample stability were all <4%. CONCLUSION The established analytical method is stable, accurate and reproducible. It can be used to detect sugar excipients in the preparations.

ObjectiveTo improve the quality standard of Yuanhu Zhitong oral liquid in order to strengthen the quality control of this oral liquid. MethodThin layer chromatography（TLC） was used for the qualitative identification of Corydalis Rhizoma and Angelicae Dahuricae Radix in Yuanhu Zhitong oral liquid by taking tetrahydropalmatine， corydaline reference substances and Corydalis Rhizoma reference medicinal materials as reference， and cyclohexane-trichloromethane-methanol（5∶3∶0.5） as developing solvent， Corydalis Rhizoma was identified using GF254 glass thin layer plate under ultraviolet light（365 nm）. And taking petroleum ether（60-90 ℃） -ether-formic acid（10∶10∶1） as developing solvent， Angelicae Dahuricae Radix was identified using a silica gel G TLC plate under ultraviolet light（305 nm）. High performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） was performed on a Waters XSelect HSS T3 column（4.6 mm×250 mm， 5 μm） with acetonitrile（A）-0.1% glacial acetic acid solution（adjusted pH to 6.1 by triethylamine）（B） as the mobile phase for gradient elution（0-10 min， 20%-30%A； 10-25 min， 30%-40%A； 25-40 min， 40%-50%A； 40-60 min， 50%-60%A）， the detection wavelength was set at 280 nm， then the fingerprint of Yuanhu Zhitong oral liquid was established， and the contents of tetrahydropalmatine and corydaline were determined. ResultIn the thin layer chromatograms， the corresponding spots of Yuanhu Zhitong oral liquid， the reference substances and reference medicinal materials were clear， with good separation and strong specificity. A total of 12 common peaks were identified in 10 batches of Yuanhu Zhitong oral liquid samples， and the peaks of berberine hydrochloride， dehydrocorydaline， glaucine， tetrahydropalmatine and corydaline. The similarities between the 10 batches of samples and the control fingerprint were all >0.90. The results of determination showed that the concentrations of corydaline and tetrahydropalmatine had good linearity with paek area in the range of 0.038 6-0.193 0， 0.034 0-0.170 0 g·L^-1， respectively. The methodological investigation was qualified， and the contents of corydaline and tetrahydropalmatine in 10 batches of Yuanhu Zhitong oral liquid samples were 0.077 5-0.142 9、0.126 1-0.178 2 g·L^-1， respectively. ConclusionThe established TLC， fingerprint and determination are simple， specific and reproducible， which can be used to improve the quality control standard of Yuanhu Zhitong oral liquid.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effects of adjustable traction skin stretchers used in repair of wounds at the lower leg, foot and ankle.Methods:A retrospective study was performed to analyze the clinical data of 56 patients who had been treated for skin defects at the lower leg, foot and ankle from August 2016 to September 2022 at The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Honghui Hospital, Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University, and Yunnan Zhongde Orthopedic Hospital. There were 35 males and 21 females, aged (39.9±18.7) years. There were 43 traumatic wounds, 3 burns, 6 inflammatory wounds, 3 relief incisions due to osteofascial compartment syndrome, and 1 scar. The areas of skin defect ranged from 2.5 cm × 2.0 cm to 20.0 cm × 10.0 cm. The duration of wounds was (8.6±7.8) d. All the wounds were repaired with adjustable traction skin stretchers. The row-hook type of skin stretchers was used in 28 cases, the single-rod type in 20 cases, the single-rod type combined with an external fixator in 5 cases, and a combination of the row-hook type and the single-rod type in 3 cases.The time for wound traction closure, color of wound skin margin, skin swelling around the wound, functional recovery of affected limb and complications were recorded.Results:The time from skin stretching to wound closure was (7.8±3.8) d in the 56 patients. The color of wound skin edge after stretching was normal in 16 cases, dark red in 38 cases, and dark in 2 cases; the skin swelling around the wound was degree 1 in 21 cases, degree 2 in 33 cases, and degree 3 in 2 cases. The 56 patients were followed up for (8.9±4.1) months. Primary wound closure was achieved in 48 patients, and secondary wound closure in 8 patients after repair with an autologous skin graft. Partial skin necrosis occurred due to tension blisters after skin stretching in 2 patients, one of whom was repaired with an autologous skin graft and the other of whom by dressing change. Deep bone infection recurred in 2 patients whose wounds healed after their bone defects were repaired using Ilizarov technique of bone transfer. In the 56 patients, the muscle strength of the lower extremity beyond the wound was recovered to normal, and the range of motion of the joints adjacent to the wound also recovered to normal.Conclusion:In repair of wounds at the lower leg, foot and ankle, adjustable traction skin stretchers can lead to fine clinical effects and limited complications, because the stretchers can control the tension of skin digitally and precisely.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for the prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal mosaicisms. METHODS: A total of 775 pregnant women who had visited the Prenatal Diagnosis Center of Yancheng Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from January 2018 to December 2020 were selected as study subjects. Chromosome karyotyping analysis and CMA were carried out for all women, and FISH was used to validate the suspected mosaicism cases. RESULTS: Among the 775 amniotic fluid samples, karyotyping has identified 13 mosaicism cases, which yielded a detection rate of 1.55%. Respectively, there were 4, 3, 4 and 2 cases for sex chromosome number mosaicisms, abnormal sex chromosome structure mosaicisms, abnormal autosomal number mosaicisms and abnormal autosomal structure mosaicisms. CMA has only detected only 6 of the 13 cases. Among 3 cases verified by FISH, 2 cases were consistent with the karyotyping and CMA results, and clearly showed low proportion mosaicism, and 1 case was consistent with the result of karyotyping but with a normal result by CMA. Eight pregnant women had chosen to terminate the pregnancy (5 with sex chromosome mosaicisms and 3 with autosomal mosaicisms). CONCLUSION For fetuses suspected for chromosomal mosaicisms, CMA, FISH and G-banding karyotyping should be combined to determine the type and proportion of mosaicisms more precisely in order to provide more information for genetic counseling.
Female ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; Mosaicism ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Chromosome Disorders/genetics* ; Prenatal Diagnosis/methods* ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Sex Chromosome Aberrations ; Microarray Analysis/methods* ; Chromosomes

Objective:By comparing the changes of metabolic parameters before and after laparoscopic sleeve gastectomy (LSG) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity, the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were calculated to evaluate the effect of metabolic surgery on insulin resistance and atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity.Methods:LSG treatment were retrospectively analyzed in 54 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, detection of preoperative and postoperative 1 month, 6 month of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), measuring blood pressure, body weight, calculating body mass index, and according to the steady state evaluation model and the formula for calculating HOMA-IR and AIP. Before and after surgery, paired t test was used, and Pearson correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis.Results:FPG, FINS, TG, HOMA-IR and AIP were (6.38±2.03) mmol/L and (5.36±1.33) mmol/L, (20.42±25.77) uU/mLand (11.22±3.62) uU/mL, (1.94±2.81) mmol/Land (1.70±2.33) mmol/L, (5.60±7.52) and (2.58±0.80), (0.15±0.27) and (0.08±0.25) ,which were significantly lower than those before surgery ( P<0.05) ,HDL-C was (1.04±0.20) mmol/L and (1.10±0.18) mmol/L at 1 and 6 months after operation, respectively, which was higher than that before operation ( P<0.05) .Preoperative correlation analysis showed that AIP was positively correlated with FPG, TG and HOMA-IR ( P<0.05), and negatively correlated with HDL-C ( P<0.05) .The results of multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that FPG, TG and HDL-C were independent influencing factors of AIP ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:LSG surgery can effectively reduce the blood glucose and lipid levels in patients with type 2 diabetes complicated with obesity, improve insulin resistance and reduce the plasma atherosclerosis index.

Objective:To assess the value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/MR parameters and their changes in predicting and evaluating the curative effect in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer before and after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT). Methods:From June 2017 to June 2020, 13 patients (9 males, 4 females; age (52.2±13.2) years) with locally advanced rectal cancer confirmed pathologically and underwent NCRT in Chinese PLA General Hospital were retrospectively enrolled. All patients performed the first PET/MR within one month before NCRT and the second PET/MR within one month before operation. PET/MR parameters including maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max), mean standardized uptake value (SUV mean), metabolic tumor volume (MTV) 2.5, total lesion glycolysis (TLG), minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC min), and their changing percentage (Δ) before and after NCRT were collected. Patients were divided into pathologically complete remission (pCR) group and non-pCR group or response group and non-response group according to the postoperative pathological results as the gold standard. Mann-Whitney U test and logistic regression analysis were used for data analysis. The cut-off values of related parameters and their diagnostic efficiencies were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results:Of 13 patients, 5 reached pCR and 8 had histological reaction (response). There were no significant differences in parameters (SUV max, SUV mean, MTV 2.5, TLG, ADC min) between different groups before treatment ( U values: 8.00-19.00, all P>0.05). There were significant differences in SUV max, SUV mean, MTV 2.5, TLG and ΔADC min between pCR group and non-pCR group after treatment ( U values: 0.00-6.00, all P<0.05), but only SUV max was correlated with pCR after treatment (odds ratio ( OR)=0.335, 95% CI: 0.123-0.917, P=0.033). The area under curve (AUC) was 0.95 and the cut-off value of SUV max was 3.055, with the sensitivity of 100%, the specificity of 80.0% and the accuracy of 92.3%. There were significant differences in SUV max, SUV mean, TLG, ADC min, ΔSUV max and ΔADC min between the response group and non-response group after treatment ( U values: 0.00-6.00, all P<0.05), but only ΔSUV max was correlated with the response results ( OR=2.022, 95% CI: 1.100-4.130, P=0.048). The AUC was 0.90 and the cut-off value of ΔSUV max was 69.0%, with the sensitivity of 87.5%, the specificity of 80.0% and the accuracy of 84.6%. Conclusions:PET/MR has high accuracy in evaluating NCRT for locally advanced rectal cancer. SUV max is an independent predictor of pCR after treatment, while ΔSUV max is an independent predictor of histological reaction (response).

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of two antibody induction therapies during donor after cardiac death (DCD) kidney transplantation .Methods Retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of DCD kidney patients in 2016 .Patients using basiliximab monoclonal or thymoglobulin (ATG ) polyclonal antibody were divided into two groups . Early postoperative biopsy proven ,acute rejection rate ,creatinine level and patient/graft survival rate were compared between two groups at 1 ,3 or 6 month post-operation .Results Basiliximab (n=44) and ATG (n=60) was used as induction .No significant inter-group difference existed in donor age ,primary disease , creatinine pre-donation , recipient age or cause of renal failure . And recipient male ratio and body weight were greater in ATG group than those in basiliximab group [87％ vs .55％ ;(70 ± 13) vs .(64 ± 12) kg] .Outcomes of basiliximab group showed acute rejection rate was 9％ ,average creatinine 112 .4 at 1 month ,127 .0 at 3 months and 107 .8 at 6 months and total infection rate 16％ .Graft/patient 6-month survival rates were 95％ (42/44)and 98％ (43/44) .Outcomes of ATG group showed that acute rejection rate was 3％ ,average creatinine 135 .6 at 1 month ,119 .0 at 3 months and 118 .0 at 6 months and total infection rate 22％ .Graft/patient 6-month survival rates were both 100％ (60/60) .Conclusions During DCD kidney transplantation ,both induction therapies may prevent acute rejection immediately post-operation .No difference exists in acute rejection rate ,infection rate ,graft/recipient 6-month survival rate or graft function . These two inductions have an excellent early prognosis .

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of donor kidneys in rhabdomyolysis(RM) combined with acute kidney injury(AKI).Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 10 donors with RM and 14 cases of renal transplantation from March 2017 to May 2018.Results AKI was caused by RM in 10 donors.Before harvesting the donor kidneys,blood creatine kinase (CK) level was (14 005.19 ± 11 894.27) U/L in 10 donors,plasma myoglobin level was ＞3 000 μg/L in 7 cases,and that was (2 288 ± 680) μg/L in 3 cases.LDH level was 883 ± 453 IU/L and serum creatinine (Cr) value was (216.55 ± 125) μmol/L.6 donors received continuous renal replacement therapy.Six patients with delayed renal function recovery (DGF) were treated with CRRT.The duration of GDF was 3-20 days,with an average of 10 ± 6.6 days.All the patients were followed up for 3-15 months.The glomerular filtration rate was (40.19 ± 19.55) ml·min· 1.73 m-2 and (55.01 ± 15.94) ml · min· 1.73 m-2 at 1st and 3rd month after operation,respectively.Conclusion The incidence of DGF in donor kidneys with RM and AKI is high,and the short-term effect is satisfactory.The long-term effect needs to be further observed.