Objective To investigate the situation of hepatitis B immune blocking and the growth and development of hepatitis B exposed children within one year after birth, and to provide evidence for formulating and optimizing measures for maternal and infant blocking in Wenzhou. Methods The hepatitis B infection status during pregnancy and birth was collected, hepatitis B immunoglobulin and vaccine were analyzed, and a follow-up on the immune blocking effect, growth and development, and the nutritional status of children exposed to hepatitis B was conducted. Statistical analysis of data was carried out through SPSS 26.0. Results In 2021, 6.07% of newborns in Wenzhou were exposed to hepatitis B, of which 28.37% were highly exposed children. The prevalence rates for males and females were 6.42% and 5.70%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=13.744, P<0.001). The prevalence rates in mountainous and non-mountainous counties were 6.35% and 5.94%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=5.72, P < 0.001). In 2021, the mother-to-child transmission rate of children exposed to hepatitis B was 0.54‰. There were no significant differences in the height, weight, hemoglobin and neuropsychological development of hepatitis B exposed children compared with non-exposed children (P < 0.001). Conclusion The number of children exposed to hepatitis B in mountainous counties is significantly higher than that in non-mountainous counties in Wenzhou, and the number of men is significantly higher than that of women. The proportion of highly exposed children is relatively high. The effect of mother-to-child blocking is good, and there is no significant difference between the growth and development of children exposed to hepatitis B and no-exposed children during follow-up.

Objective:To explore the microbiological characteristics of donor blood culture and donor liver perfusion culture and summarize the clinical experiences to provide basic rationales for preventing donor-derived infections.Methods:From August 1, 2018 to November 26, 2018 and November 27, 2018 to December 31, 2020 at First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, culture results of donor blood and donor liver perfusate were retrospectively reviewed.According to whether or not donor liver was obtained without breaking diaphragm, removing gallbladder intraoperatively and flushing bile through cystic duct, two stages were assigned: before and after improvement measures of liver donor, i.e.August 1, 2018 to November 26, 2018 and November 27, 2018 to December 31, 2020.The culture results of donor blood samples and donor liver perfusion fluid samples in two stages of liver transplantation were statistically analyzed and infection preventing measures during donor liver maintenance and obtaining donor liver examined.Results:A total of 486 cases of blood culture from potential donors and 478 cases of liver perfusion culture were analyzed.The results showed that the incidence of blood culture infection was 4.5% and 4.3% before and after improvement measures( χ2=0.008; P=0.927)while the incidence of perfusion fluid infection was 56.8% and 46.2%( χ2=4.569; P=0.031); Klebsiella pneumoniae was a major pathogen cultured in perfusion solution before improvement measures and Staphylococcus epidermidis after improvement measures. Conclusions:Before organ donation, infection screening and prevention of potential donors and corresponding measures during donor liver acquisition can reduce donor source infection and effectively lower the mortality of recipients.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the expression of microRNA-106a(miR-106a) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients. METHODS: Serum samples of 64 patients with newly diagnosed RCC were collected as the study group, and serum samples of 40 healthy individuals were used as the control group. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to determine the expression level of miR-106a in each group. The correlation between miR-106a expression and clinicopathological characteristics of the patients was studied with single factor analysis and multiple Logistic regression model. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to analyze its correlation with the prognosis of patients. RESULTS: Before surgery, compared with the control group (1.17± 0.58), RCC patients with high- (9.15± 0.96) and low-expression(3.45± 0.37) had increased expression of miR-106a. Postoperatively, the expression level of miR-106a in both groups of patients decreased to 1.53± 0.18 and 1.75± 0.21, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) of the diagnostic value of serum miR-106a for RCC was 0.782 (95% CI: 0.661-0.902). With an optimal cutoff value of 0.531, the sensitivity was 78.10% and the specificity was 75.00%. Serum miR-106a level of RCC patients with TNM stage T3 or T4, clinical stage II or III, lymph node metastasis, and recurrence were significantly increased. The high expression of serum miR-106a in RCC patients has an independent relationship with the tumor TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. Of the 64 follow-up patients, 4 were lost and 30 had died. Among them, the median survival time of patients in the miR-106a high expression group was 30 months, which was significantly shorter than that of the low expression group (52 months). CONCLUSION The serum level of miR-106a is elevated in RCC patients, and may be used as a molecular marker for the diagnosis of RCC. High serum expression of miR-106a is an independent predictor for tumor TNM stage and lymph node metastasis, as well as an independent predictor for poor prognosis of RCC patients.
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics* ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms/genetics* ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Prognosis

Circular RNA (circRNA) is a kind of RNA with a circular structure. The unique structure of circRNA endows it with various cell biological functions and characteristics. It has become a research hotspot recently. CircRNA can play a role via mechanisms, such as microRNA (miRNA) sponge, RNA binding protein, peptide translation and regulation of gene transcription. CircRNA was found to be associated with disc degeneration, spinal cord injury, scoliosis, and facet arthritis. Some techniques, including bioinformatics and molecular biology techniques, microarray and high-throughput sequencing, can be used to predict and to discover disease-related circRNA, aiming to evaluate whether circRNA can be used as a molecular biomarker for spinal and spinal cord diseases. Based on the current role of circRNA, the corresponding therapeutic strategies have been carried out in experimental animals, which can provide theoretical basis for gene therapy. At present, the researches in circRNA for spinal and spinal cord diseases are still insufficient compared with those in other fields. Currently, the main direction focuses on the miRNA sponge mechanism of circRNA. Due to the variety of diseases in spinal surgery, the research progress of circRNA is also varied. In addition, the development of microarray and high-throughput sequencing technology have greatly promoted the researches in circRNA. The availability of public database is of great significance in the study. The present review summarized the current researches status of circRNA in spinal and spinal cord diseases, aiming to deepen understanding of circRNA in spinal and spinal cord diseases.

Objective: To classify the expression of RyR2 in the brain of prion infected hamsters. Methods: Immunohistochemical assays was used to verify that the location of RyR2 in the brain slices of hamster. Assays of the brain samples of intracranial inoculation of scrapie infected hamster (agent 263 K) and normal hamster were tested to evaluate the RyR2 expression by Western Blotting. Immunofluorescent assays were used to verify the co-location between RyR2 and PrP protein. Results: RyR2 mainly located in cortex and Purkinje cells with parts of which are distributed in thalamus, hippocampus and olfactory bulb. The expression of RyR2 significantly decreased in the 263 K infected hamster at terminal stage. The Immunofluorescence tests showed that RyR2 was colocalized with PrP protein. Conclusions The experimental data showed that RyR2 may play a crucial role in prion disease, which might be closely linked to the cognition impairment and neuron loss. The relation between RyR2 and prion disease still needs further research.

Objective To compare the difference of all-cause mortality between diabetic and non-diabetic transplant recipients.Methods This population cohort study included all primary kidneyonly transplant recipients with data integrity between Jan.2000 and May 2017,the deadline date of follow-up was May 2018,and median follow-up period was 5.9 (range 1.1 to 17.1) years.According to whether the recipients had diabetes,they were divided into type 2 diabetes group (DM group),and no diabetes group (non-DM group).The clinical data of the two groups including recipients and donors were collected.The all-cause mortality and difference in dead causes were analyzed.Results Mortality was higher in DM group than in non-DM group.Compared with non-DM group,the relative risk(RR) for all-cause mortality in DM group was 2.25 (95％ CI:1.23-4.12).The cumulative survival rate in non-DM group was significantly higher than that in DM group(Log Rank P =0.035).The DM group aged younger than 40 years had the highest risk (RR 4.50),but there was no significant difference between the two groups at the age of ≥40 years.Compared with living donor and cadaveric donor renal transplantation,the relative mortality risk in DM group in DCD donor renal transplantation was highest (RR 2.68).The transplantation time did not change the multiple risk of death in both groups (adjusted RR 2.13).The first cause of death in two groups was infection (50％ in DM group vs.53.3％ in non-DM group).The difference was not statistically significant.Conclusion Kidney transplant recipients with type 2 diabetes had higher all-cause mortality than in those without diabetes.Compared with non-diabetic recipients,the age ＜40 years and receiving DCD for kidneys had a greater impact on the all-cause mortality of diabetic recipients.Infection was the leading cause of death in both groups.

Objective To investigate the potential of substrate elasticity in regulating rapid differentiation of HepaRG cells into hepatocyte-like cells ,and further provide hepatocytes for bioartificial liver. Methods The substrate elasticity was divided into 4 groups. The expressions of albumin(ALB)were detected by albumin-green fluorescent protein-reporter system (ALB-GFP-reporter system) and Image J software;the cell morphology was observed by microscope and the amounts of cell were detected by cell Titer-Blue cell viability assay kit (alamar blue). Results The results of ALB showed that at the 4th hour,the expressions of ALB inside the HepaRG cells between 4s group and 8s group,16 s group and Glass group were not statistically different (t = 0.791,1.389, 2.481,P>0.05);at the 4th day,the expressions of 4s group had statistical differences in comparison with those of 16s group and Glass group(t = 12.41,12.52,P < 0.05),but not statistical difference when compared with those of 8s group(t = 2.603,P > 0.05);at the 7th day,the expressions of 4s group were statistically different from those of 8s group,16s group and Glass group(t=3.266,6.725,8.005,P<0.05). The microscope showed that only a typical epithelial morphology was observed before differentiation ,then hepatocyte-like cells and bile duct-like cell were observed at differentiated phases. The alamar blue showed that at the 4th and the 7th day,the cell number of 4s group were not statistically different from that of 8s group,16s group and Glass group(P >0.05). Conclusion Soft substrate can promote differentiation of HepaRG cells.

Objective To measure anatomic data related to the thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage and to analyze their implications for anterior spine surgery.Methods From January 2015 to February 2017,Cervical spine CT image data of 309 normal adults (195 males,114 females) in our department were retrospectively analyzed.The transverse diameters of the thyroid cartilage and the cricoid cartilage was measured at three different levels as follows:the superior border of the thyroid cartilage(SBTC),the inferior border of the thyroid cartilage(IBTC),and the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage(IBCC).At those levels,the corresponding level and transverse diameter of the cervical vertebra or intervertebral disc were also determined.Differences of anatomic parameters for each gender and level,and the relationship between the transverse diameter and height and weight were analyzed.Results The transverse diameters of the thyroid cartilage or cricoid cartilage and the corresponding cervical vertebra or intervertebral disc were associated significantly with height and weight.The transverse diameters of the thyroid cartilage or cricoid cartilage gradually decreased from the level of SBTC (44.30±4.97 mm) to the level of IBTC (41.39±4.62 mm),and the latter to the level of IBCC (26.36±3.79 mm),but increased from the level of SBTC (27.47±2.66 mm) to the level of IBTC (29.00±3.15 mm),and the latter to the level of IBCC (31.48±3.49 mm) for the cervical vertebra or intervertebral disc.Differences of the transverse diameters of the thyroid cartilage or cricoid cartilage and the cervical vertebra or intervertebral disc on three levels had statistical significance.The transverse diameters of each level had individual differences,while men were greater than those for women.The thyroid cartilage was routinely located above the C5 (56.9％ for male,86.0％ for female).Differences of the frequency between men and women on three levels had statistical significance.Conclusion The Individual and sex differences in the location of the thyroid cartilage and the size of the thyroid cartilage and the cricoid cartilage provided anatomical basis for predicting the difficulty of intraoperative exposure,incidence of esophageal injuries and early postoperative dysphagia.

Objective: To search for biomarkers for human familial prion disease. Methods: Two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) proteomic analysis has been performed in frontal lobe tissues of 3 patients suffering from human familial prion disease (PrP) and 3 age-and sex-matched patients suffering from sudden death due to heart failure without neurological disease. Results: The maps revealed 14 polypeptide chains differentially modulated in the PrP samples, among those, 7 could be identified upon digestion and MALDI-TOF/MS analysis, of which 6 appeared to be up-regulated, 1 being down-regulated. Conclusions We highlight Galectin-1(Gal-1), ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2), ubiquitin, Rab-interacting lysosomes protein-like protein 1 (RILPL-1) profillin 2 (PFN2), in the differential map. These proteins are related to neurogenesis, the clearance of misfolded proteins, stasis of calium channel, myoclonus and so on. These proteins are potential biomarkers or targets for treatment of prion disease.

Objective To evaluate the effect of pediatric renal transplantation using donation after cardiac death (DCD).Methods The male DCD meeting Chinese standard Ⅲ (C-Ⅲ) was 49 years old,and the recipient with chronic renal failure was 14 years old.The right kidney of the donor was transplanted to the recipient.The renal artery and renal vein of the donor were end-to-side anastomoscd to the common iliac artery and common iliac vein of the recipient,respectively.The graft was transplanted into the fight iliac fosse.Warm ischemia time was 12 min,and cold ischemia time was 2 h.Immunity induction therapy was performed with basiliximab.Tacrolimus + mycophnolate mofetil + Pred were used as immunosuppressive regimen.Results The transplantation was done successfully.One day after operation,ALT was increased dramatically.The recipient was diagnosed as acute drug-induced liver injury.There was no occurrence of acute rejection and delayed graft function.The recipient was discharged one month after the operation,and followed up for 6 months with normal graft function.Conclusion Pediatric renal transplantation using DCD is effective and safe,even though the long-term effect still needs to be further observed.