Objective To explore the clinical significance of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and immunoglobulin levels in peripheral blood of children with recurrent bronchopneumonia.Methods A total of 120 children with bronchopneumonia admitted to The People's Hospital of Rugao from April 2019 to April 2022 were selected as research objects and assigned to study group.According to the number of attacks,the patients were divided into recurrent attack subgroup(n=51,bronchopneumonia attacks≥2 times within 1 year)and nonrecurrent attack subgroup(n=69).Meanwhile,40 healthy children undergoing physical examination in our hospital were selected and assigned to control group.The levels of LDH,serum immunoglobulin M(IgM),immunoglobulin G(IgG)and immunoglobulin A(IGA)were analyzed.Clinical data were compared between the recurrent attack subgroup and nonrecurrent attack subgroup.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of the recurrent attack of bronchopneumonia.Results The study group had higher level of LDH and lower levels of IgM,IgG and IgA than the control group(P＜0.01).The recurrent attack subgroup had higher level of LDH and lower levels of IgM,IgG and IgA than the nonrecurrent attack subgroup(P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in terms of age,sex,height,weight,heart rate,body temperature,white blood cell count,living environment,family history,type of bronchopneumonia,smoking of the main caregivers or excessive use of antibiotics between the recurrent attack subgroup and nonrecurrent attack subgroup(P＞0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that LDH,IgM,IgG and IgA were the related factors of recurrent bronchopneumonia(OR=3.747,3.056,4.860,4.272,P＜0.01).Conclusion The levels of LDH in peripheral blood of children with recurrent bronchopneumonia are abnormally increased,and the levels of IgG,IgA and IgM are abnormally decreased.The levels of LDH,IgG,IgA and IgM in peripheral blood can be used as biochemical indicators to predict recurrent bronchopneumonia in children.

Objective: To investigate the imaging features of cerebral small vessel disease(SVD) in systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) patients with impaired renal function and their related risk factors. Methods: Seventy-six SLE patients and forty age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited, and SLE patients were divided into the impaired renal function group [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <90 ml/(min·1.73 m²)] (n=38) and the normal renal function group [eGFR≥90 ml/(min·1.73 m²)] (n=38) according to their eGFR. All subjects underwent brain MRI, cognitive and psychiatric testing. The SVD scores were measured, total white matter hyperintensity (WMH) and SVD scores were calculated, and the risk factors of SVD scores were analyzed by using ordinal logistic regression. Results: SLE patients in the impaired renal function group showed higher basal ganglia PVS, centrum semiovale perivascular space (PVS), periventricular WMH, deep WMH and total SVD scores compared with normal controls or patients with normal renal function (H=44.568, 31.380, 31.172, 43.419, 24.317, P<0.001) . The ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that C-reactive protein was a risk factor for SVD in patients with SLE(OR=1.323, P<0.01). Conclusion SLE patients with impaired renal function had a higher SVD burden on MR imaging, particularly PVS in the basal ganglia and deep WMH, which was affected by the C-reactive protein level.

4D Flow MRI is a new phase contrast MR technique,which can spatially encode velocity in three-direction,collect multi-directional blood flow data,and result in complex three-dimensional dynamic parameters.4D Flow MRI is more accurate and comprehensive than 2D phase contrast MRI and Doppler echocardiography.However,4D Flow MRI have some disadvantages,such as long scanning time,noise,etc.,which are the future key technical issues to be addressed.4D Flow MRI technology has a great potential in clinical applications,such as intracranial vascular diseases,cardiac magnetic resonance imaging,and other aspects of aortic diseases.Research advances in clinical application of 4D Flow MRI were reviewed in this paper.

TRPA1 channels are non-selective cation channels that could be activated by plant-derived pungent products, including gingerol, a main active constituent of ginger. Ginger could improve the digestive function; however whether ginger improves the digestive function through activating TRPA1 receptor in gastrointestinal tract has not been investigated. In the present study, gingerol was used to stimulate cell lines (RIN14B or STC-1) while depletion of extracellular calcium. TRPA1 inhibitor (rethenium red) and TRPA1 gene silencing via TRPA1-specific siRNA were also used for mechanistic studies. The intracellular calcium and secretion of serotonin or cholecystokinin were measured by fura-2/AM and ELISA. Stimulation of those cells with gingerol increased intracellular calcium levels and the serotonin or cholecystokinin secretion. The gingerol-induced intracellular calcium increase and secretion (serotonin or cholecystokinin) release were completely blocked by ruthenium red, EGTA, and TRPA1-specific siRNA. In summary, our results suggested that gingerol derived from ginger might improve the digestive function through secretion releasing from endocrine cells of the gut by inducing TRPA1-mediated calcium influx.
Calcium ; metabolism ; Calcium Channels ; genetics ; metabolism ; Catechols ; pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Fatty Alcohols ; pharmacology ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Ginger ; chemistry ; Humans ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; TRPA1 Cation Channel ; Transient Receptor Potential Channels ; genetics ; metabolism

S100 A7 is a small calcium-binding protein that has an important role to play in the differentiation of human kerati -nocytes.It also helps build the chemical defense system of the skin and responds to oxidative stress and inflammation .The expression of S100 A7 can be induced by physical , chemical and biological stimulations .S100 A7 has many ligands and is related to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) via specific signaling pathways.As an important antimicrobial peptide, S100A7 helps the skin fight against main pathogens .S100 A7 is also a key indicator for the state of inflammation and cell differentiation;and its up-regulation has been cor-roborated in various skin diseases .In the brain of patients with Alzheimer′s disease, the up-regulation of S100A7 in primary cortico-hippocampal neurons can inhibit the generation of β-amyloid peptides .Moreover , S100 A7 is also up-regulated in different types of cancer and closely related to tumor malignancy and progression .In this review, we introduce biological properties of S 100A7 and high-light its expression characteristic in related diseases .This should have implication for the discovery of potential biomarkers and targets for the treatment of S100A7-related diseases.

Objective To investigate antimicrobial resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae clinically isolated from 14 teaching hospitals located at different areas in China in 2005-2008 and to give logical guidance for clinical empirical therapy.Methods A total of 1 317 non-repetitive S.pneumoniae isolates in 14 teaching hospitals from 2005-2008 were collected and sent to the central lab for reidentification and susceptibility testing, including 271 isolates collected in 2005, 391 isolates collected in 2006, 363 isolates collected in 2007 and 292 isolates collected in 2008. Most of the isolates were from community-acquired respiratory tract infections, which were isolated from outpatient or emergency department patients with respiratory tract infections or those patients with respiratory tract infections within ≤48 hours hospitalization.The districts where the organisms were isolated include North China, Northeast China, South China, Central and Northwest China and East China.The patients included adults, teenagers and children.The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) or inhibitory zone diameter of 17 antimicrobial agents were determined by Etest method, agar dilution method or disk diffusion method.WHONET5.5 software was used to analyze susceptibility rate, intermediate rate, resistance rate, MIC50 and MIC90.Results Linezolid (100%) and fluoroquinolones (95.2%-99.7%) showed excellent activities against S.pneumoniae.Among β-lactams, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid remained high activities (73.8%-92.1%),followed by penicillin, ceftriaxone and cefepime with year-over-year decrease in activities.The activities of three second-generation cephalosporins were low (36.3%-38.4% in 2008).The activities of erythromycin, azithromycin, clindamycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline against S.pneumoniae were poor and decreased year over year.The incidence of penicillin non-susceptible S.pneumoniae (PNSP) was increasing especially for PISP (from 4.4% in 2005 to 20.2% in 2008).The incidence of PNSP in North China was low (6.0%), while this value were high in central China and East China (30.1% and 38.7%, separately).The incidence of PNSP in adults (15.7%) was obviously lower than that in children(≤5 years:33.0%) and teenagers (6-17 years:38.2%).Conclusions linezolid and fluoroquinolones showed excellent in vitro activity against S.pneumoniae, followed by penicillin and cephalosporins with year-over-year decrease of activity. Clinicians should pay more attention when using those antimicrobial agents with poor activity against S.pneumoniae, which include macrolides, clindamycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline.