[Objective]To explore and discuss the mechanism of ZHANG Zhongjing's methods of wind medicine in treating delayed-pulse heart disease by applying the theory of wind medicine in Neijing and the understanding of wind medicine by medical practitioners throughout the history.[Methods]Summarize ZHANG Zhongjing's compilation of Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber,explore the etiology and pathogenesis of delayed-pulse heart disease,as well as the mechanism of wind medicine for restoring meridians,and use modern pharmacological research to demonstrate the effective ingredient targets of wind medicine.[Results]It was found that the causes of wind-induced delayed-pulse included external wind evil,internal liver wind,wind damaging heart Qi and evil obstructing heart meridians which were its basic pathogenesis.The treatment methods of tonifying the heart and supporting the essence,dispelling wind and unblocking the meridians were the main methods.Based on this,a wind medicine complex pulse treatment method was established,and Zhongjing's differentiation and medication were classified into 9 types and 9 methods,forming a series of treatment frameworks,including:regulating and tonifying the Ying Wei,dispelling wind and dispelling evil,clearing upper and warming lower,dispelling wind and dispersing toxins,nourishing Qi and blood,dispelling wind and removing Bi,unblocking Yang and dispersing cold,calming the Ying Wei,resolving phlegm and promoting stagnation,promoting Bi and unblocking the meridians,promoting and clearing spleen,invigorating Qi for relieving desertion,warming kidney and nourishing essence,stimulating Wei Qi,promoting lung and strengthening heart,warming water and drinking method,dispelling wind and unblocking meridians,promoting blood circulation and removing stasis.Furthermore,the mechanism of action of wind medicine in restoring meridians was analyzed,including expelling external wind,relieving liver and dispelling wind,harmonizing Yin and Wei,promoting spleen and clearing blood,resolving phlegm and dampness,promoting blood circulation and unblocking collaterals,nourishing blood,and calming the heart and mind.This was confirmed to be consistent with the effective ingredient targets of modern pharmacological research on wind medicine.[Conclusion]The Zhongjing wind herbal pulse restoration method has significant theoretical guidance and clinical application value in the diagnosis and treatment of refractory bradycardia.

Objective To investigate the transgenerational effects of paternal PM2.5 exposure on offspring growth and development,and to preliminarily elucidate the role of sperm DNA methylation modifications in mediating these effects.Methods Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into filtered air(FA),unfiltered air(UA),and concentrated PM2.5(CAP)groups,with 10 animals in each group.The exposure was conducted from November 2019 to April 2020,and then,these male mice were mated with unexposed females to generate F1 offspring,which were bred successively to produce F2 and F3 generations.All the offspring were living in PM2.5-free environment.The birth body weight,birth number,and sex ratio of the offspring were recorded,body weight growth was monitored,and organ coefficients of the heart,liver,lung,and brain were calculated.Whole-genome methylation sequencing was performed on the sperm DNA of the CAP group,FA group,and their F1 generation offspring to screen for differentially methylated regions,and the genes and pathways associated with these regions were analyzed.Results When compared with the F1～F3 offspring of the FA group,the CAP group had significantly reduced birth body weight in the F1 generation(P<0.05),no statistical differences were observed in the birth body weight in the F2 and F3 generations(P>0.05),or either in the sex ratio and birth number among the F1,F2 and F3 generations.Compared with the FA group offspring,the F1～F3 offspring of CAP group exhibited delayed body weight gain,especially in the males(P<0.05),the CAP-F1 male generation had obviously elevated liver organ coefficient(P<0.01),but no statistical changes were observed in the heart,lung,or brain coefficients among the F1～F3 generations.Between the FA group and the CAP group,37 997 differentially methylated regions were detected,with a reduction of approximately 50%in the number of differentially methylated regions in the F1 generation.Differentially methylated genes in F0 and F1 sperm were potentially related to developmental processes,including imprinting genes(Gnas,Igf2)and metabolic genes(Ppard,Rps6kb1).Conclusion Paternal exposure to PM2.5 leads to reduced birth weight and intergenerational growth retardation in offspring.Its impact on phenotypic effects is gradually weakened during intergenerational transmission.Changes in the methylation of development-related genes in sperm may be one of the mechanisms mediating this intergenerational effect.

Objective To investigate the serum C-C motif chemokine ligand 27(CCL27)and laminin sub-unit gamma-2(LAMC2)levels and prognostic value before transurethral resection of bladder tumor(TURBT)in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC).Methods A total of 104 patients with NMIBC who underwent primary TURBT at the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from February 2019 to February 2021 were retrospectively selected as the NMIBC group,and another 50 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations at the same hospital during the same period were se-lected as the control group.The levels of serum CCL27 and LAMC2 before TURBT in the two groups were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Kaplan-Meier curve was used to analyze the effect of serum CCL27 and LAMC2 before TURBT on the prognosis of NMIBC patients.COX regression was used to analyze the prognostic factors of patients with NMIBC.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the value of serum CCL27 and LAMC2 before TURBT in evaluating the prognosis of NMIBC pa-tients.Results The levels of serum CCL27 and LAMC2 in the NMIBC group before TURBT were higher than those in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The levels of serum CCL27 and LAMC2 before TURBT in patients with NMIBC at tumor stage T1 and high-grade pathological grade were higher than those in patients with tumor stage Ta/Tis and low-grade pathological grade,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The 3-year progression-free survival rate of patients in the high-level CCL27 group was lower than that in the low-level CCL27 group,and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=20.021,P<0.001).The 3-year progression-free survival rate of patients in the high-level LAMC2 group was lower than that in the low-level LAMC2 group,and the difference was statistically signifi-cant(χ2=11.012,P<0.001).Tumor stage T1,high-grade pathological grade,high level of serum CCL27,and high level of serum LAMC2 were risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with NMIBC(P<0.05).The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve and 95%CI of the combined serum CCL27 and LAMC2 before TURBT for the prognosis assessment of NMIBC patients were 0.901(0.881-0.925),which were larger than those of the single detection,and the difference was statistically significant(Z=4.620,4.912,P<0.001).Conclusion The elevated levels of serum CCL27 and LAMC2 before TURBT in NMIBC patients are related to the degree of tumor malignancy,and can serve as prognostic markers for in-dividualized treatment strategies.

Objective To investigate the systemic immune-inflammation index(SII),albumin to globulin ratio(AGR),and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)in patients with ulcerative colitis(UC)compli-cated by Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)infection,and to evaluate their diagnostic value in UC complicated by EBV infection.Methods A total of 237 patients with UC admitted to the hospital from February 2024 to Septem-ber 2024.Patients were divided into a complicated group(150 cases)and a control group(87 cases)based on EBV-DNA test results.The counts of neutrophils,lymphocytes,and platelets,as well as the levels of albumin(ALB),globulin,hs-CRP,and erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR)were collected from the patients'routine blood tests,and the parameters of SII and AGR were calculated.Spearman correlation test was used for corre-lation analysis.Multivariate binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of EBV in-fection in UC patients,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of individual and combined detection of various indicators.Results There were statistically significant differences in disease activity,lesion range,ALB,AGR,ESR,hs-CRP,and SII between the complicated group and the control group(P<0.05).Correlation analysis showed that the positive copy number of EBV-DNA in the complicated group was positively correlated with disease activity,hs-CRP,and SII(P<0.05),and nega-tively correlated with ALB and AGR(P<0.05).Multivariate binary Logistic regression analysis indicated that SII and AGR were independent influencing factors for UC patients complicated by EBV infection.The combined detection of ALB,AGR,SII,hs CRP,ESR and various indicators has certain predictive value for UC patients with EBV infection.The area under the curve of the combined detection of ALB,AGR,SII,hs-CRP,ESR and the AUC of the combined detection of SII,AGR,hs-CRP were the largest,and the sensitivity and specificity were also high.Conclusion SII and AGR are independent influencing factors for UC patients com-plicated by EBV infection.The combined detection of SII,AGR,and hs-CRP has good diagnostic value for UC complicated by EBV infection and could serve as valuable biomarkers for evaluating UC complicated by EBV infection.

[Objective]To explore and discuss the mechanism of ZHANG Zhongjing's methods of wind medicine in treating delayed-pulse heart disease by applying the theory of wind medicine in Neijing and the understanding of wind medicine by medical practitioners throughout the history.[Methods]Summarize ZHANG Zhongjing's compilation of Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber,explore the etiology and pathogenesis of delayed-pulse heart disease,as well as the mechanism of wind medicine for restoring meridians,and use modern pharmacological research to demonstrate the effective ingredient targets of wind medicine.[Results]It was found that the causes of wind-induced delayed-pulse included external wind evil,internal liver wind,wind damaging heart Qi and evil obstructing heart meridians which were its basic pathogenesis.The treatment methods of tonifying the heart and supporting the essence,dispelling wind and unblocking the meridians were the main methods.Based on this,a wind medicine complex pulse treatment method was established,and Zhongjing's differentiation and medication were classified into 9 types and 9 methods,forming a series of treatment frameworks,including:regulating and tonifying the Ying Wei,dispelling wind and dispelling evil,clearing upper and warming lower,dispelling wind and dispersing toxins,nourishing Qi and blood,dispelling wind and removing Bi,unblocking Yang and dispersing cold,calming the Ying Wei,resolving phlegm and promoting stagnation,promoting Bi and unblocking the meridians,promoting and clearing spleen,invigorating Qi for relieving desertion,warming kidney and nourishing essence,stimulating Wei Qi,promoting lung and strengthening heart,warming water and drinking method,dispelling wind and unblocking meridians,promoting blood circulation and removing stasis.Furthermore,the mechanism of action of wind medicine in restoring meridians was analyzed,including expelling external wind,relieving liver and dispelling wind,harmonizing Yin and Wei,promoting spleen and clearing blood,resolving phlegm and dampness,promoting blood circulation and unblocking collaterals,nourishing blood,and calming the heart and mind.This was confirmed to be consistent with the effective ingredient targets of modern pharmacological research on wind medicine.[Conclusion]The Zhongjing wind herbal pulse restoration method has significant theoretical guidance and clinical application value in the diagnosis and treatment of refractory bradycardia.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of fecal microRNA-92a(miR-92a)and serum car-cinoembryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate antigen 199(CA199)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in patients with colon cancer.Methods A total of 77 patients with colon cancer admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from January 2020 to August 2022 were selected as the co-lon cancer group,including 19 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical resection of colon cancer and were followed up for 6 months after surgery.Another 70 healthy subjects were selected as the control group and 81 patients with other digestive system tumors were selected as the other digestive system tumors group.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the level of fecal miR-92a,electrochemiluminescence was used to detect the levels of serum CEA and CA199,and chemiluminescence was used to detect the level of serum VEGF.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of miR-92a,CEA,CA199 and VEGF in colon cancer.Results The positive rate of fecal miR-92a in colon cancer group was significantly higher than that in other digestive system tumors group and control group(P＜0.001).The serum levels of CEA,CA199 and VEGF in colon cancer group were significantly higher than those in control group(P＜0.05).The positive rate of miR-92a and the levels of serum CEA,CA199 and VEGF in colon cancer patients were significantly lower at 6 months after surgery than those before surgery(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the combined detection of CEA,CA199,VEGF and miR-92a had the largest area under the curve(AUC,0.901),sensitivity(77.9％)and specificity(91.3％).When miR-92a+CEA was combined,the AUC was 0.899,the sensitivity was 77.9％,and the specificity was 92.8％.Conclusion The detection of miR-92a,CEA,CA199 and VEGF has important value in the diagnosis of colon cancer.The combined detection of miR-92a and CEA can improve the sensitivity and specificity of the diagno-sis of colon cancer,and has a certain value in the prognosis of patients with colon cancer.

Objective:To investigate the effect and molecular mechanism of miR-15a-5p regulation Wnt signaling pathway in PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis.Methods:The PQ-induced 16HBE cell model was constructed, high-throughput miRNA chip and RT-qPCR were used to screen for miR-15a-5p with significant differences. The experimental groups were as follows: NC group (normal control);no special treatment; PQ group: 50 μmol/L PQ treated cells for 72 h; miR-15a-5p group: 16HBE stable cell lines transfected with miR-15a-5p overexpressing lentivirus; miR-15a-5p+PQ group: Stable cell lines were treated with 50 μmol/L PQ for 72 h. The expression of Wnt pathway-related genes Wnt3α and β-catenin, fibroblast marker genes Collagen I, Vimentin and α SMA, epithelial marker genes Occludin and CK18 were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. The mice model of PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis was constructed, and the protein expression and lung tissue injury were detected by Western blot, HE staining and immunohistochemistry. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and independent sample t-test was used to analyze the data between the two groups. Results:The expressions of Wnt3α, β-catenin, fibroblast marker genes Collagen I, Vimentin and α SMA significantly up-regulated in cell injury models ( P<0.05), the epithelial cell marker genes Occludin and CK18 significantly down-regulated ( P<0.05), overexpression of miR-15a-5p could inhibit the expression of Wnt3α and alleviated the EMT induced by PQ. In animal models, Wnt3α, β-catenin, fibroblast marker genes Collagen I, Vimentin and α SMA significantly increased ( P<0.01), the structure of lung tissue was disordered and fibrosis occurred, overexpression of miR-15a-5p inhibited the expression of Wnt3α protein ( P<0.05) and ameliorated lung tissue injury. Conclusions:miR-15a-5p ameliorates PQ-induced lung injury by modulating the Wnt3α/β-catenin signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting the development of pulmonary fibrosis.

Objective:To explore the protective mechanism of Xuebijing injection (referred to as Xuebijing) on sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Methods:① Animal experiments: 100 mice were randomly(random number) divided into 4 groups, including sham operation (Sham) group, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) group, CLP+low-dose Xuebijing (L-XBJ) group, and CLP+high-dose Xuebijing (H-XBJ) group. The survival rate, lung histological changes, lung wet/dry (W/D) ratio, cell count and protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF), inflammatory factors levels in serum, oxidative stress indicators, cell apoptosis, and key proteins of HIF-1α/p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway were measured. ② Cell experiments: Mouse alveolar macrophages (MH-S) were cultured in vitro and divided into 6 groups, including control (Con) group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, LPS+L-XBJ group, and LPS+H-XBJ group, LPS+H-XBJ+ dimethyloxallyl glycine (DMOG, HIF-1α activator) group, LPS+H-XBJ+ 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2, HIF-1α inhibitor) group. The effects of Xuebijing on inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis and their relationship with HIF-1α/p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway were detected.Results:Xuebijing increased the survival rate of mice with sepsis-associated ARDS, relieved lung tissue damage [lung injury score: CLP group (8.778±0.588), CLP+L-XBJ group (5.833±0.310), and CLP+H-XBJ group (4.750±0.246)], alleviated lung W/D ratio, and decreased pneumonia cell infiltration and protein exudation (all P<0.05). Additionally, Xuebijing treatment also diminished the expression of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) depletion, and cell apoptosis in LPS-induced MH-S cells and CLP-induced sepsis-associated ARDS mice (all P<0.05). Furthermore, mechanistic investigation further clarified the effects of Xuebijing on inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis through the HIF-1α/p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusions:Xuebijing can exert anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic effects by suppressing the HIF-1α/p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby conferring protection against sepsis-associated ARDS.

Objective By population survey,to explore the epidemiological characteristics of gastric precancerous lesions in Lishui District of Nanjing and provide objective basis for the prevention and treatment of early gastric cancer.Methods From July 2021 to December 2022,21 977 patients who received endoscopy and/or 13C-UBT in Lishui District People's Hospital and 6 medical community units in Nanjing City were retrospectively analyzed for demography characteristics,detection rate of gastric precancerous lesions,and H.Pylori infection rate.Results(1)590 cases of gastric precancerous lesions were detected(detection rate 2.68%);(2)The total detection rate of precancerous lesions and three pathological types in males were all higher than those in females(all P<0.001);(3)The minimum age for the total detection rate of precancerous lesions in males and the mini-mum age for each pathological type were lower than in females(P<0.001,0.009,0.005,0.002);(4)The popu-lation total H.pylori infection rate was 23.10%,the H.pylori infection rate in patients with precancerous lesions was higher than that in non-precancerous lesions(P<0.001),both H.pylori infection rate of male and female in precancerous lesions were all higher than those of non-precancerous lesions of the same sex(all P<0.001),in addition,the H.pylori infection rate of male whether in precancerous or non-precancerous lesions was higher than that of female(all P<0.001);(5)The precancerous lesions detection rate in male,female,and the overall age range of 20～29 to 70～79 years is positively correlated with age growth(P<0.001),and rapidly decreases after the age of 79,the of H.pylori infection rate was also positively correlated with age growth(P<0.001),and the trend of age change(P<0.001)was parallel to the precancerous lesions detection rate.Conclusions The detec-tion rate of gastric precancerous lesions in this region is above the average level in China;the total H.pylori infec-tion rate is at a relatively low level in China;the H.pylori infection rate is parallel to the age trend of the detection rate of gastric precancerous lesions,and increases with age.

Objective To investigate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and pigmented villonodular synovitis using Mendelian randomization analysis.Methods We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate the causal relationship between 211 gut microbiome taxa and pigmented villonodular synovitis based on GWAS summary data,with inverse variance weighted(IVW)analysis as the primary result and the other methods as supplementary analyses.The reliability of the results was tested using Cochran's Q test,MR-Egger regression,MR-PRESSO method and conditional Mendelian randomization analysis(cML-MA).Results The increased abundance of Barnesiella(OR=3.12,95%CI:1.15-8.41,P=0.025)and Rumatococcaceae UCG010(OR=4.03,95%CI:1.19-13.68,P=0.025)may increase the risk of pigmented villous nodular synovitis,and elevated abundance of Lachnospiraceae(OR=0.33,95%CI:0.12-0.91,P=0.032),Alistipes(OR=0.16,95%CI:0.05-0.53,P=0.003),Blautia(OR=0.20,95%CI:0.06-0.61,P=0.005),and Lachnospiraceae FCS020 group(OR=0.38,95%CI:0.15-0.94,P=0.036)and Ruminococcaceae UCG014(OR=0.36,95%CI:0.14-0.94,P=0.037)were all associated with a reduced risk of pigmented villonodular synovitis,which were supported by the results of sensitivity analyses.Reverse Mendelian randomization analysis did not reveal any inverse causal association.Conclusion Increased abundance of specific intestinal microorganisms is associated with increased or decreased risks of developing hyperpigmented villonodular synovitis,and gut microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease.