Objective:To translate the Moyamoya Health Behavior Scale for Adolescent Patients into Chinese and to test its reliability and validity.Methods:Based on the Brislin translation model, the scale was forward-translated, back-translated, cross-culturally adapted, and pretested to develop the Chinese version of the Moyamoya Health Behavior Scale for Adolescent Patients. A convenience sampling method was used to recruit 220 adolescent inpatients with moyamoya disease from the Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, between January 2023 and December 2024. Reliability and validity analyses were conducted on the scale.Results:A total of 220 questionnaires were distributed, and 206 valid questionnaires were returned, yielding a valid response rate of 93.64%. The Chinese version of the scale comprised 12 items. The item-level content validity index ranged from 0.875 to 1.000, and the scale-level content validity index was 0.917. Exploratory factor analysis extracted three common factors: treatment implementation for moyamoya disease, health-promoting behaviors for moyamoya disease, and health coping behaviors for moyamoya disease, with a cumulative variance contribution of 69.741%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the overall model fit was acceptable. The Cronbach's α coefficient for the total scale was 0.872, with subscale Cronbach's α coefficients ranging from 0.810 to 0.871. The test-retest reliability coefficient for the total scale was 0.983, and the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.766.Conclusions:The Chinese version of the Moyamoya Health Behavior Scale for Adolescent Patients demonstrated good reliability and validity and can be used as an assessment tool for health behaviors in this patient population.

Objective::To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy and clinical application of the Obstetrical Chinese Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Scoring System (OCDSS).Methods::This study is a retrospective study that collected 1063 cases from Wuhan Union Hospital, Yichang Central People’s Hospital, and the Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture between July 2017 and June 2024. These cases were divided into DIC and non-DIC groups based on score standard. Diagnosis of DIC, the rate of hysterectomy, neonatal mortality, and severe asphyxia are the main outcome measures. All the laboratory indicators are all determined by clinical laboratory department of the hospital. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range) and frequencies. Independent sample t-test or non-parametric test were used to compare measurement data, while the chi-square test was used for count data. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under curve (AUC) were used to test the predictive accuracy. Using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to study the high-risk factors. P < 0.050 indicates a statistical significance. Results::Of 1063 participants in this study, 29 participants (2.73%) were diagnosed with obstetrical DIC by OCDSS score standard, and all the participants were diagnosed as DIC with underlying disease. When the Takao, Clark, and Erez score standard is the "gold standard", the OCDSS score standard always shows good sensitivity and specificity, with all the AUC over 0.75. OCDSS score standard also has better predictive of hysterectomy (68.18%, 91.07%, 0.872), severe neonatal asphyxia and death (79.17%, 75.07%, 0.842) than the other three score standards. All the indicators included in the OCDSS score standard contributed to the DIC diagnosis (all the P < 0.001). The indicators in the DIC group were more abnormal than the non-DIC group (all the P < 0.001). Conclusion::OCDSS is a first score standard, especially for pregnancies, it considers the underlying disease, clinical symptoms, and laboratory results. This score system shared a good diagnosis performance for DIC in the Chinese population and may help clinicians make timely decisions.

Objective:To translate the Moyamoya Health Behavior Scale for Adolescent Patients into Chinese and to test its reliability and validity.Methods:Based on the Brislin translation model, the scale was forward-translated, back-translated, cross-culturally adapted, and pretested to develop the Chinese version of the Moyamoya Health Behavior Scale for Adolescent Patients. A convenience sampling method was used to recruit 220 adolescent inpatients with moyamoya disease from the Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, between January 2023 and December 2024. Reliability and validity analyses were conducted on the scale.Results:A total of 220 questionnaires were distributed, and 206 valid questionnaires were returned, yielding a valid response rate of 93.64%. The Chinese version of the scale comprised 12 items. The item-level content validity index ranged from 0.875 to 1.000, and the scale-level content validity index was 0.917. Exploratory factor analysis extracted three common factors: treatment implementation for moyamoya disease, health-promoting behaviors for moyamoya disease, and health coping behaviors for moyamoya disease, with a cumulative variance contribution of 69.741%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the overall model fit was acceptable. The Cronbach's α coefficient for the total scale was 0.872, with subscale Cronbach's α coefficients ranging from 0.810 to 0.871. The test-retest reliability coefficient for the total scale was 0.983, and the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.766.Conclusions:The Chinese version of the Moyamoya Health Behavior Scale for Adolescent Patients demonstrated good reliability and validity and can be used as an assessment tool for health behaviors in this patient population.

Objective::To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy and clinical application of the Obstetrical Chinese Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Scoring System (OCDSS).Methods::This study is a retrospective study that collected 1063 cases from Wuhan Union Hospital, Yichang Central People’s Hospital, and the Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture between July 2017 and June 2024. These cases were divided into DIC and non-DIC groups based on score standard. Diagnosis of DIC, the rate of hysterectomy, neonatal mortality, and severe asphyxia are the main outcome measures. All the laboratory indicators are all determined by clinical laboratory department of the hospital. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range) and frequencies. Independent sample t-test or non-parametric test were used to compare measurement data, while the chi-square test was used for count data. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under curve (AUC) were used to test the predictive accuracy. Using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to study the high-risk factors. P < 0.050 indicates a statistical significance. Results::Of 1063 participants in this study, 29 participants (2.73%) were diagnosed with obstetrical DIC by OCDSS score standard, and all the participants were diagnosed as DIC with underlying disease. When the Takao, Clark, and Erez score standard is the "gold standard", the OCDSS score standard always shows good sensitivity and specificity, with all the AUC over 0.75. OCDSS score standard also has better predictive of hysterectomy (68.18%, 91.07%, 0.872), severe neonatal asphyxia and death (79.17%, 75.07%, 0.842) than the other three score standards. All the indicators included in the OCDSS score standard contributed to the DIC diagnosis (all the P < 0.001). The indicators in the DIC group were more abnormal than the non-DIC group (all the P < 0.001). Conclusion::OCDSS is a first score standard, especially for pregnancies, it considers the underlying disease, clinical symptoms, and laboratory results. This score system shared a good diagnosis performance for DIC in the Chinese population and may help clinicians make timely decisions.

To promote the development of extracellular vesicles of herbal medicine especially the establishment of standardization, led by the National Expert Committee on Research and Application of Chinese Herbal Vesicles, research experts in the field of herbal medicine and extracellular vesicles were invited nationwide with the support of the Expert Committee on Research and Application of Chinese Herbal Vesicles, Professional Committee on Extracellular Vesicle Research and Application, Chinese Society of Research Hospitals and the Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Herbal Vesicles. Based on the collation of relevant literature, we have adopted the Delphi method, the consensus meeting method combined with the nominal group method to form a discussion draft of "Consensus statement on research and application of Chinese herbal medicine derived extracellular vesicles-like particles (2023)". The first draft was discussed in online and offline meetings on October 12, 14, November 2, 2022 and April and May 2023 on the current status of research, nomenclature, isolation methods, quality standards and research applications of extracellular vesicles of Chinese herbal medicines, and 13 consensus opinions were finally formed. At the Third Academic Conference on Research and Application of Chinese Herbal Vesicles, held on May 26, 2023, Kewei Zhao, convenor of the consensus, presented and read the consensus to the experts of the Expert Committee on Research and Application of Chinese Herbal Vesicles. The consensus highlights the characteristics and advantages of Chinese medicine, inherits the essence, and keeps the righteousness and innovation, aiming to provide a reference for colleagues engaged in research and application of Chinese herbal vesicles at home and abroad, decode the mystery behind Chinese herbal vesicles together, establish a safe, effective and controllable accurate Chinese herbal vesicle prevention and treatment system, and build a bridge for Chinese medicine to the world.

Objective To investigate the causes of false-positive rifampicin resistant results in Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) test for samples with extremely low bacterial loads. Methods A total of 346 samples with extremely low bacterial loads and rifampicin-resistance results from Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital between June 2017 and March 2021 were collected. The samples were divided into probe-delayed and probe dropout groups based on amplification results. Mycobacterial culture and proportion method drug susceptibility testing were performed, and Xpert retesting was conducted for strains with discordant drug susceptibility results. Results Out of the 346 samples, 195 samples (56.36%) were positive in culture. Upon Xpert retesting, among the 64 Xpert-resistant but proportion method-sensitive strains, the proportions of samples in the delayed probe group with mutations in the probe D and probe E were 4.55%（1/22） and 13.33%（2/15）, respectively. In the probe dropout group, the proportions of samples with mutations in the probe A and probe E were 75.00% (9/12) and 80.00% (8/10), respectively. The false-positive rifampicin resistance rates in the delayed probe and probe dropout groups were 78.26% (36/46) and 3.36% (5/149), respectively. Conclusion The main reasons for false-positive rifampicin resistance results in the Xpert test for samples with extremely low bacterial loads were probe delay in the D and E probes, followed by low-level drug-resistant mutations in the A and E probes.

This paper summarized professor WANG Shouchuan's experience in differentiating and treating children epistaxis from the perspective of "four excess and three deficiency". It is believed that the pathogenesis of children epistaxis is concluded as "four excess and three deficiency"， of which the four excess syndromes are exuberant heat in the lung channel， intense stomach fire， heart fire hyperactivity， and liver fire flaming upward， while the three deficiency syndromes include qi， yin and yang deficiency. Seven methods for treating children epistaxis are summarized. For exuberant heat in the lung channel syndrome， it is recommended to clear lung and direct qi downward， using self-made Xiebai Zhiniu Decoction （泻白止衄汤）. For intense stomach fire syndrome， the method of clearing stomach and draining fire can be used with self-made Qingwei Zhiniu Decoction （清胃止衄汤）. In terms of heart fire hyperactivity syndrome， it is better to clear heart and drain fire， using self-made Daochi Zhiniu Decoction （导赤止衄汤）. For liver fire flaming upward syndrome， it is advised to clear liver and drain fire， using self-made Yimu Zhiniu Decoction （抑木止衄汤）. In terms of qi deficiency syndrome， the method of fortifying spleen and boosting qi and containing blood should be used with self-made Futu Zhiniu Decoction （扶土止衄汤）. If there is yin deficiency syndrome， it is advised to supplement kidney， enrich yin and clear heat， using self-made Zishui Zhiniu Decoction （滋水止衄汤）. If there is yang deficiency syndrome， the method of boosting qi， warming yang and nourishing blood can be used， using self-made Wenpi Zhiniu Decoction （温脾止衄汤）.

Objective:To summarize the best evidence on glycemic management in patients with diabetic nephropathies, and provide a theoretical basis for glycemic management in clinical practice.Methods:Guidelines, clinical decision-making, systematic reviews, expert consensus and best evidence summaries related to the glycemic management in patients with diabetic nephropathies were searched through BMJ Best Practice, UpToDate, Austratian Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Center for Evidence-Based Health Care database, National Guideline Clearinghouse, Guidelines International Network, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Medlive, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP and Wanfang Data. The search period was from the establishment of the database to November 30, 2022. Evidence retrieval, quality assessment and evidence extraction were performed by 2 researchers. Evidence was graded and recommended according to the JBI evidence pre-grading system (2014 edition) .Results:A total of 15 articles were included. A total of 16 pieces of evidence were summarized from 4 aspects, including glycemic monitoring, glycemic control, drug selection and nursing management.Conclusions:Glycemic management can help delay the onset and progression of diabetic nephropathies. Medical and nursing staff should set glycemic control goals and choose appropriate drugs according to multiple factors such as age, course of disease, risk of hypoglycemia, and renal function of patients with diabetic kidney disease. Medical institutions should build a scientific and systematic glycemic management system and strengthen health education on glycemic control.

Objective:To correlate the expression of microRNA (miRNA)-21 and miRNA-335-5p with pepsinogen and gastrin-17 in patients with gastric cancer.Methods:Sixty-one patients with gastric cancer who received treatment in Linhai Second People's Hospital between January 2019 and January 2021 were included in the patient group. An additional 60 healthy patients who concurrently received physical examination were included in the control group. Serum pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II and gastrin-17 levels were determined by latex-enhanced immunoturbidimetry. miRNA-21 and miRNA-335-5p expression were determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Serum pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II and gastrin-17 levels and miRNA-21 and miRNA-335-5p expression were compared between the two groups. The sensitivity and specificity of miRNA-21 and miRNA-335-5p in the diagnosis of gastric cancer were analyzed. The correlation between miRNA-21 and miRNA-335-5p expression and pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II and gastrin-17 levels was analyzed.Results:Serum pepsinogen I and gastrin-17 levels in the patient group were (54.36 ± 9.89) μg/L and (13.74 ± 1.89) pg/mL, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(112.31 ± 23.24) μg/L, (18.75 ± 2.36) pg/mL, t = 17.89, 12.90, both P < 0.05]. Serum pepsinogen II level in the patient group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(24.35 ± 4.53) μg/L vs. (20.37 ± 3.28) μg/L, t = 5.52, P < 0.05]. The relative mRNA expression of miRNA-21 in the patient group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(3.42 ± 0.61) vs. (0.53 ± 0.12), t = 30.01, P < 0.05]. The relative mRNA expression of miRNA-335-5p in the patient group was significantly lower than that in the control group [(0.32 ± 0.17) vs. (1.65 ± 0.35), t = 26.65, P < 0.05]. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the sensitivity and specificity of miRNA-21 in the diagnosis of gastric cancer were 74.36% and 68.18%, respectively, and they were 79.49% and 60.90% for miRNA-335-5p, respectively. There was a negative linear correlation between miRNA-21 and pepsinogen I and gastrin-17 levels ( r = -0.82, -0.74), but there was a positive linear correlation between miRNA-21 and pepsinogen II levels ( r = 0.76). There was a positive linear correlation between miRNA-335-5p and pepsinogen I and gastrin-17 ( r = 0.79, 0.72), but there was a negative linear correlation between miRNA-335-5p and pepsinogen II levels ( r = -0.70). Conclusion:miRNA-21 is highly expressed in patients with gastric cancer, while miRNA-335-5p is lowly expressed. miRNA-21 and miRNA-335-5p are highly correlated with pepsinogen and gastrin-17 levels. miRNA-21 and miRNA-335-5p can be used as effective indices for diagnosis of gastric cancer. Findings of this study are highly innovative and scientific.

Objective:To construct a training program to improve the psychological nursing ability of clinical nurses, so as to provide a strong guarantee for the clinical development of psychological nursing.Methods:By consulting the literature, related books and investigating the curriculum of nursing colleges, the first draft of the training program was drawn up. Four departments of Cardiovascular Medicine of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from May to August 2019 were recruited and 64 nurses were trained. After the training, the training program was revised again. After two rounds of training and modification, the second draft of the training program was formed, and then Delphi method was used to conduct two rounds of expert consultation on the second draft of the training program.Results:The positive coefficients of experts in the two rounds of consultation were 94.1% and 96.7% respectively, and the average authority coefficient of experts was 0.81. The final training contents included 5 first-class indexes, 18 second-class indexes and 45 third-class indexes. The coefficient of variation of each item of training contents was 0.06-0.23, and the coefficient of variation of training methods and training duration of each part was 0.06-0.17.Conclusions:The training program is scientific, reasonable, detailed and practical, which can provide guarantee for improving the psychological nursing ability of clinical nurses.