BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is one of the malignant cancers with the highest incidence rate, and it is important to identify the factors contributing to lung cancer carcinogenesis for prevention. Lifestyle and genetic factors play important roles in cancer development, however the impact of dietary factors, such as soy product intake, on lung cancer risk remains inadequately understood. This study aims to explore the associations between soy product intake, genetic risk, and lung cancer incidence, and validate the consistent effects of soy product intake in European populations, thereby providing new insights for lung cancer prevention. METHODS: Utilizing the Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort and Biobank (SSACB) (n=66,311), Cox proportional hazards model was adopted to assess the association between soy product intake and lung cancer incidents, followed by subgroup analyses stratified by gender, smoking status, and pathological types of lung cancer. The UK Biobank (UKB) was used for validation of the effect of soy product intake on lung cancer. To investigate the association between genetic factors and lung cancer, in addition to previously reported loci, we incorporated newly identified loci from two independent studies in Southeast China: a nested case-control population from the SSACB cohort (433 cases/650 controls) and a case-control study from the Shanghai Cancer Center-Taizhou cohort (1359 cases/1359 controls). Meta-analysis and Linkage disequilibrium clumping (LD clumping) of the association results identified 23 loci for polygenic risk score (PRS) construction. Subsequently, conditional Logistic regression model was used to assess the association between genetic risk and lung cancer. RESULTS: In SSACB cohort, after adjusting for age, gender, smoking, chronic bronchitis, body mass index (BMI), vegetable intake and red meat intake, sufficient soy product intake was significantly associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer [hazard ratio (HR)=0.60, 95%CI: 0.47-0.77, Padj=6.69E-05], an effect that was consistent in males and females, smokers and non-smokers. In UKB, although the association did not reach statistical significance, a protective trend against lung cancer was also observed (HR=0.76, 95%CI: 0.55-1.06, Padj=0.10). In the nested case-control population within SSACB, a PRS score generated in the Chinese population was significantly correlated with lung cancer risk. After adjustment of age, gender, smoking, chronic bronchitis, and soy product intake, the high-PRS group had a 1.88 times higher risk of lung cancer compared to the low-PRS group (Padj=1.84E-03). CONCLUSIONS The prospective cohort study found that adequate intake of soy products was significantly associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer, while a high PRS is a risk factor for lung cancer development. Integrating soy product intake and PRS into traditional epidemiological risk factor prediction will guide personalized lung cancer prevention and high-risk population stratification.
Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/etiology* ; Male ; Female ; China/epidemiology* ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Biological Specimen Banks ; Risk Factors ; Case-Control Studies ; Cohort Studies

OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)HOXC13-AS in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissues and its effects on tumor cell proliferation and migration in head and neck tumor cell lines.METHODS Clinical samples from 26 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and 4 patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma who were treated surgically in the Second Hospital of Jilin University from March 2024 to December 2024 were collected as research subjects.Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissue specimens and corresponding adjacent tissue specimens were selected.The expression of HOXC13-AS in 30 cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissues and corresponding adjacent tissues was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).Clinical data were collected to analyze the correlation between HOXC13-AS expression and various clinical pathological factors.siRNA technology was used to interfere with the expression of HOXC13-AS in laryngeal cancer cell line TU212 and hypopharyngeal squamous cell line FaDu.Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)assay was used to detect cell proliferation ability,and cell scratch assay was used to detect cell migration ability.RESULTS The expression level of lncRNA HOXC13-AS in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissues(12.60±11.26)was significantly higher than that in corresponding adjacent tissues(1.40±0.61),with a statistically significant difference(t=5.485,P<0.001).The expression of HOXC13-AS in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissues was closely related to T stage(P=0.004),lymph node metastasis(P=0.006),and clinical stage(P=0.007)of patients.CCK-8 results showed that the absorbance values of TU212 cell line groups at 24,48,and 72 h were si-NC group(0.373±0.010,0.738±0.026,1.003±0.124),si-HOXC13-AS-1 group(0.365±0.015,0.686±0.019,0.935±0.028),and si-HOXC13-AS-2 group(0.364±0.024,0.700±0.026,0.943±0.053),with statistically significant differences(F24 h=0.484,F48 h=7.893,F72 h=1.345,P<0.01);the absorbance values of FaDu cell line groups at 24,48,and 72 h were si-NC group(0.727±0.054,0.834±0.072,1.224±0.127),si-HOXC13-AS-1 group(0.532±0.005,0.650±0.079,1.021±0.044),and si-HOXC13-AS-2 group(0.647±0.088,0.687±0.025,1.074±0.055),with statistically significant differences(F24 h=16.143,F48 h=14.259,F72 h=9.409,P<0.001).Cell scratch assay showed that the migration rates of TU212 cell line groups at 12 and 24 h were si-NC group(38.971%±3.824%,69.185%±0.469%),si-HOXC13-AS-1 group(18.182%±2.580%,33.378%±2.302%),and si-HOXC13-AS-2 group(25.017%±0.288%,48.413%±0.805%),with statistically significant differences(F12 h=47.295,F24 h=471.745,P<0.0001);The migration rates of FaDu cell lines in each group at 12 and 24 hours were as follows:si-NC group(39.067%±3.196%,58.222%±0.448%),si-HOXC13-AS-1 group(13.689%±0.132%,39.358%±3.985%),and si-HOXC13-AS-2 group(23.335%±0.680%,35.526%±0.758%),with statistically significant differences(F12 h=138.1,F24 h=101.749,P<0.0001).CONCLUSION HOXC13-AS is significantly upregulated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissues and cells,and is associated with the clinical pathological characteristics of patients.Silencing HOXC13-AS can significantly inhibit the proliferation and migration of head and neck tumor cells.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic mechanism of Shen Wu Yizhi Capsule in the treatment of post-stroke cognitive impairment(PSCI)by using network pharmacology methods and clinical trial validation.Methods A prospective trial was carried out in 90 cases of patients with PSCI admitted to Taihe Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Anhui University of Chinese Medicine from August 2022 to February 2024.The patients were randomly divided into the control group and the trial group by random number table method,with 45 cases in each group.The control group was treated with conventional treatment for PSCI,and the trial group was treated with Shen Wu Yizhi Capsule orally on the basis of treatment for the control group.The treatment course for the two groups covered 28 days.The changes of Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)score,Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)score,and the serum levels of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α)and interleukin 6(IL-6)in the patients of the two groups were observed before and after treatment.Moreover,the incidences of adverse events in the two groups were recorded,thus to evaluate the safety of the treatment regimens in the two groups.And then the network pharmacological research was performed.TCMSP and literature review were used to obtain the active ingredients of Shen Wu Yizhi Capsule,GeneCards and other databases were used to obtain the PSCI disease targets,and the common targets were inputted into the STRING database to construct the PPI network.Cytoscape 3.9.0 was used to construct the network diagram of Shen Wu Yizhi Capsule-PSCI-targets,DAVID was used to perform GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis,and then molecular docking was used to verify the binding activity.Results(1)The results of clinical trial showed that after 28 days of treatment,the MMSE and MoCA scores of patients in the two groups were increased compared with those before treatment(P<0.05),and the increase of the scores in the trial group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P<0.05).The serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were decreased compared with those before treatment(P<0.05),and the decrease in the trial group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P<0.05).During the trial,both groups of patients did not show obvious adverse reactions,with high safety.(2)The network pharmacological research of Shen Wu Yizhi Capsule yielded 92 active ingredients,803 targets,5 209 disease targets and 556 intersection targets.The core targets were AKT1,TNF,IL-6,TP53 and IL-1B,and the key compounds were deoxyharringtonine,senkyunone and genkwanin.The GO enrichment analysis obtained 1 812 GO entries,of which 154 entries were related with cellular component(CC),1 332 entries were related with biological process(BP),and 326 entries were related with molecular function(MF).The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis yielded 195 signaling pathways.The molecular docking results showed that the key compounds of Shen Wu Yizhi Capsule had good binding activities with the core targets.Conclusion The clinical efficacy of Shen Wu Yizhi Capsule in the treatment of PSCI is remarkable,and its therapeutic mechanism is probably related with multiple components through the signaling pathways such as AKT1,TNF,and IL-6.The results will provide reference for the in-depth study of Shen Wu Yizhi Capsule.

Objective: To perform transient transfection of recombinant human Factor X(rhFX) into HEK293 cells,to optimize transfection parameters,to develop a high-yield in vitro expression system for rhFX production,and to assess the biological activity of expressed rhFX. Methods: The eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3. 1-EGFP-FX was constructed by inserting the F10 gene into pcDNA3. 1-EGFP and subsequently transfected into HEK293cells to validate the transfection system efficiency. The recombinant expression vector pcDNA3. 1-FX was generated through ligation of the F10 gene fragment with pcDNA3. 1, followed by liposome-mediated transfection into HEK293 cells. The expression of rhFX in the cell supernatant was analyzed by Western blot and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE). Transfection conditions were systematically optimized,and rhFX concentration was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The coagulation bioactivity of rhFX was evaluated through prothrombin time(PT) assay and chromogenic substrate method. Results: rhFX was successfully expressed in the supernatant of HEK293 cells. rhFX was successfully expressed in the supernatant of HEK293 cells. The highest expression level of rhFX was achieved on the third day after transfection when the cell density was 80% and the ratio of plasmid DNA to polyethyleneimine(PEI) transfection reagent was 1 ∶ 2.Triplicate ELISA measurements demonstrated a maximum rhFX concentration of 5. 20 ng/mL in the supernatant.The prothrombin time(PT) of rhFX-containing supernatant was significantly shorter(P 50) of etoxaban was determined to be 1. 449 nmol/L using the chromogenic substrate method based on rhFX,which was in the same order of magnitude as the reported 0. 78 nmol/L in the literature. Conclusion HEK293cells successfully express biologically active recombinant human Factor X(rhFX) protein,laying a foundation for advancing the development of rhFX-based therapeutics.

Objective: To conduct a scoping review on prognostic prediction models for patients with comorbidity of chronic diseases, and understand modeling methods, predictive factors and predictive effect of the models, so as to provide the reference for prognostic evaluation on patients with comorbidity of chronic diseases. Methods: Literature on prognostic prediction models for patients with comorbidity of chronic diseases was collected through SinoMed, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science published from the time of their establishment to November 1, 2023. The quality of literature was assessed using prediction model risk of bias assessment tool (PROBAST), then modeling methods, predictive factors and predictive effects were reviewed. Results: Totally 2 130 publications were retrieved, and nine publications were finally enrolled, with an overall high risk of bias. Thirteen models were involved, with three established using machine learning methods and ten established using logistic regression. The prediction results of four models were death, with main predictive factors being age, gender, body mass index (BMI), Barthel index and pressure ulcers; the prediction results of nine models were rehospitalization, with main predictive factors being age, BMI, hospitalization frequency, duration of hospital stay and hospitalization costs. Eleven models reported the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), ranging from 0.663 to 0.991 6; two models reported the C-index, ranging from 0.64 to 0.70. Eight models performed internal validation, one model performed external validation, and four models did not reported verification methods. Conclusions The prognostic prediction models for patients with comorbidity of chronic diseases are established by logistic regression and machine learning methods with common nursing evaluation indicators, and perform well. Laboratory indicators should be considered to add in the models to further improve the predictive effects.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the influencing factors for medication compliance in patients with comorbidities of chronic diseases, so as to provide the evidence for improving medication compliance. Methods: Literature on influencing factors for medication compliance in patients with comorbidities of chronic diseases were retrived from CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Embase from inception to January 20, 2024. After independent literature screening, data extraction, and quality assessment by two researchers, a meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 and Stata 16.0 softwares. Literature were excluded one by one for sensitivity analysis. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's test. Results: Initially, 7 365 relevant articles were retrieved, and 35 of them were finally included, with a total sample size of about 150 000 individuals. There were 30 cross-sectional studies and 5 cohort studies; and 11 high-quality studies and 24 medium-quality studies. The meta-analysis showed that the demographic factors of lower level of education (OR=2.148, 95%CI: 1.711-2.696), lower economic income (OR=1.897, 95%CI: 1.589-2.264), male (OR=0.877, 95%CI: 0.782-0.985), living alone (OR=2.833, 95%CI: 1.756-4.569) and unmarried (OR=2.784, 95%CI: 1.251-6.196); the medication treatment factors of polypharmacy (OR=1.794, 95%CI: 1.190-2.706), potentially inappropriate medication (OR=2.988, 95%CI: 1.527-5.847), low frequency of daily medication (OR=0.533, 95%CI: 0.376-0.754) and adverse drug reactions (OR=3.319, 95%CI: 1.967-5.602); the disease factors of long course of disease (OR=2.118, 95%CI: 1.643-2.730), more comorbidities (OR=1.667, 95%CI: 1.143-2.431) and cognitive impairment (OR=2.007, 95%CI: 1.401-2.874); and the psychosocial factors of poor belief in taking medication (OR=1.251, 95%CI: 1.011-1.547), poor self-rated health (OR=1.990, 95%CI: 1.571-2.522) and being guided by healthcare professionals (OR=0.151, 95%CI: 0.062-0.368) were the influencing factors for medication compliance in patients with chronic comorbidities. Conclusion The medication compliance in patients with comorbidities of chronic diseases is associated with demographic factors, pharmacological factors, disease factors and psychosocial factors, mainly including living alone, adverse drug reactions, course of disease, number of comorbidities and medication beliefs.

Objective:To identify and analyze the genuine medicinal plant Gentiana scabra Bge. from 9 regions in Liaoning Province using DNA barcode technology based on the base sequence of internal transcribed spacer. Methods:DNA was extracted from the medicinal parts of 26 Gentiana scabra Bge. samples by using DNA kit extraction method. The ITS sequence was amplified through polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and then two-way sequencing was carried out. Other sources and outgroup sequences of the medicinal plant Gentiana scabra Bge. were downloaded from Genbank. After the sequencing results were spliced by using SeqMan 7.1.0 software, MEGA 7.0 software was used to analyze and compare the data, and calculate the genetic distance of K2P (Kimura 2-parameter). The phylogenetic tree was established by Neighbor-Joining (NJ) method for analysis. Results:According to the results of NJ cluster tree, all Gentiana scabra Bge. samples from different sources were clustered into one large branch, and Gentiana scabra Franch. and Gentiana triflora Pall. were clustered into one branch respectively, with obvious differences; Gentiana scabra and Gentiana manshurica Kitag. were clustered into one branch, and the genetic relationship was relatively close. In combination with the variation site and genetic distance, the base sequences of Gentiana scabra and Gentianamanshurica were very similar, and the interspecific differences were very small. Except for the intraspecific variation of only one sample collected in Liaoning Province, the base sequences of the other samples were the same, and there was no difference between " Gentiana scabra Bge. in Qingyuan" and Gentiana scabra Bge. samples from other regions in Liaoning Province. Conclusion:The DNA barcode technology of ITS sequence can be used to differentiate and identify medicinal plant Gentiana scabra Bge. and its original plants from different sources with a high success rate.

Objective:To use rbcL sequences to identify the rhizomes of the Liaoning collection of Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz.; To provide a basis for ensuring the feasibility of cultivation of the native herb in Liaoning Province. Methods:A total of 30 rhizomes of Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. were collected from 10 regions cultivated in Liaoning Province, and the total DNA was extracted. DNA barcodes were screened by PCR, and the rbcL sequences of the samples were amplified and sequenced, and the amplification and sequencing success rates were calculated. Sequence alignment was performed using MEGA 7.0 software; a systematic clustering tree was constructed using the neighbour-joining method. Results:The success rates of DNA extraction from the rhizomes of Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. were all 93.3%, and the success rates of PCR amplification and sequencing were all 100%. Among the 30 samples of Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. in Liaoning Province, two samples had intraspecific variation, and the rest of the base sequences of Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. were identical. Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. was closer to the herbs of the genus Cangzhu, a relative species of Asteraceae, and was genetically more distant from the rest of Asteraceae. The NJ tree could distinguish Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. and its relatives. Conclusion:The quality of Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. cultivars in Liaoning Province is basically similar, and the rbcL sequence can be used as a valid sequence fragment for the identification of Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. DNA barcode.

With intensified aging， Alzheimer's disease has become a serious problem in China's health field. In the field of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， Alzheimer's disease mainly describes cognitive deficits such as dementia and amnesia. After the inheritance and summary by medical experts of successive generations， the theory of "toxin damaging brain collaterals" has become a mature pathogenesis hypothesis of this disease. Blood stasis， as one of the main viral pathogens， is also closely related to the theory of Alzheimer's disease in modern pharmacology. Chuanxiong Rhizoma is used frequently in clinical prescriptions for Alzheimer's disease. As the main component of Chuanxiong Rhizoma， tetramethylpyrazine has a series of pharmacological effects on the cardiovascular system such as vasodilation， anti-platelet aggregation， anti-atherosclerosis， and anti-myocardial ischemia， which reflects the effects of Chuanxiong Rhizoma in activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis. However， few studies have focused on the effect of tetramethylpyrazine on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. From the perspective of TCM theory and modern pharmacology， this article discussed the effects of tetramethylpyrazine on the pathology and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease from the aspects of cardiovascular function， oxidative stress， inflammatory response， mitochondrial function， and cholinergic system and made prospects for the future application of tetramethylpyrazine to prevent and treat Alzheimer's disease.

Objective To assess the value of cardiac magnetic resonance(CMR)imaging for predicting adverse left ventricular remodeling in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI).Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and serial CMR(cine and LGE sequences)images of 86 STEMI patients within 1 week and 5 months after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI),including 25 patients with adverse LV remodeling and 61 without adverse LV remodeling,defined as an increase of left ventricular end-systolic volume(LVESV)over 15%at the second CMR compared to the initial CMR.The CMR images were analyzed for LV volume,infarct characteristics,and global and infarct zone myocardial function.The independent predictors of adverse LV remodeling following STEMI were analyzed using univariate and multivariate Logistic regression methods.Results The initial CMR showed no significant differences in LV volume or LV ejection fraction(LVEF)between the two groups,but the infarct mass and microvascular obstructive(MVO)mass were significantly greater in adverse LV remodeling group(P<0.05).Myocardial injury and cardiac function of the patients recovered over time in both groups.At the second CMR,the patients with adverse LV remodeling showed a significantly lower LVEF,a larger left ventricular end-systolic volume index(LVESVI)and a greater extent of infarct mass(P<0.001)with lower global peak strains and strain rates in the radial,circumferential,and longitudinal directions(P<0.05),infarct zone peak strains in the 3 directions,and infarct zone peak radial and circumferential strain rates(P<0.05).The independent predictors for adverse LV remodeling following STEMI included the extent of infarct mass(AUC=0.793,95%CI:0.693-0.873;cut-off value:30.67%),radial diastolic peak strain rate(AUC=0.645,95%CI:0.534-0.745;cut-off value:0.58%),and RAAS inhibitor(AUC= 0.699,95%CI:0.590-0.793).Conclusion The extent of infarct mass,peak radial diastolic strain rate,and RAAS inhibitor are independent predictors of adverse LV remodeling following STEMI.