Objective: To investigate the associations between 24 hour activity and the quality of life (QoL) in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and to explore their isotemporal substitution effects, providing a reference for developing intervention strategies of their QoL. Methods: From March to June 2025, 288 children with ASD from 7 special education schools in Jinan were selected by using a cluster random sampling method. The 24 hour activity was measured by using ActiGraph wGT3X-BT triaxial accelerometers, and their QoL was assessed by applying a parent proxy Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. Multiple linear regression was employed to analyze the associations between 24 hour activity and QoL in children with ASD. Isotemporal substitution analysis was applied to analyze the dose response relationship of 24 hour activity time and the QoL scores in children with ASD. Results: Within the 24 hour activities of children with ASD, the daily time spent in sleep, sedentary behavior (SB), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were 610.49，605.80，195.49，28.22 minutes, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that, after controlling for confounding factors such as gender, age, and parental education level, the proportion of time spent in MVPA was positively associated with QoL scores ( β =1.75) in children with ASD, whereas the proportion of time spent in SB was negatively associated with QoL scores ( β =-1.00)(both P <0.01). In the dose response relationship, reallocating time from sleep, SB, and LPA to MVPA was associated with an improvement in QoL in children with ASD, with increased scores of 1.38, 1.55, 1.47, respectively; conversely, the reverse substitution was associated with a decline in QoL, and the scores decreased by 2.31, 2.99 and 2.68, respectively, with the latter demonstrating a more pronounced effect(all P <0.05). Conclusions Enhancing the QoL for children with ASD should be grounded in the overall balance of 24 hour activity. Time reallocation strategies should be implemented with an emphasis on relatively increasing MVPA and reducing SB.

Objective: To examine the association of sleep duration, physical activity, and their joint effects on depressive and anxiety symptoms among college students, and to provide evidence for the prevention and intervention of emotional symptoms in the population. Methods: From October to December 2023, a total of 7 684 college students aged 18-22 years, who were selected from nine universities in Hubei, Jiangxi, and Anhui provinces by using convenience sampling, underwent questionnaire surveys and physical examinations. Chi-square test and Logistic regression model were used to analyze the associations of meeting sleep duration and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) recommendations, as well as their joint effects, with depressive and anxiety symptoms. Results: The prevalence rates of depressive and anxiety symptoms were 25.78% and 35.59%, respectively. The prevalence rates of both depressive and anxiety symptoms differed significantly across sleep duration and physical activity groups ( χ 2= 9.32 -127.01, all P <0.01). Logistic regression analyses showed that insufficient sleep duration and failure to meet the physical activity recommendation were associated with higher odds of depressive symptoms ( OR =1.67, 1.20) and anxiety symptoms ( OR = 1.74 , 1.21 ) (all P <0.01). Further joint effects analyses showed that the combination of insufficient sleep and insufficient MVPA and that of insufficient sleep and sufficient MVPA were associated with higher odds of depressive symptoms ( OR =1.94, 1.38 ) and anxiety symptoms ( OR =2.09, 1.59) (all P <0.05). The combination of sufficient sleep and insufficient MVPA was also associated with higher odds of anxiety symptoms ( OR =1.16, P <0.05). Conclusions Sleep duration, physical activity, and their joint effects are associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms among college students. Joint interventions targeting both sleep and physical activity should be emphasized to reduce the risk of emotional symptoms.

AIM: To observe the manifestations and distribution patterns of visual field in non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy(NAION).METHODS: Retrospective observational study. The investigation encompassed 183 patients(246 eyes)diagnosed with NAION who were evaluated at the Neuro-Ophthalmology/Acupuncture Department within the Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from June 2018 to December 2023. Recorded clinical data covered demographic details, incidence, disease duration, presence of systemic diseases, and histories of tobacco and alcohol use, along with best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), visual field index(VFI), type of visual field defect, and thickness of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer(pRNFL).RESULTS: A total of 183 patients(246 eyes)were enrolled. The cohort consisted of 101 males and 82 females; 120 exhibited unilateral symptoms, while 63 showed bilateral symptoms, with a mean age of 56.20±9.78 years(range 29-81 years). The types of visual field defects observed were varied: 90 eyes(36.6%)had diffuse loss, 63 eyes(25.6%)experienced inferior hemifield loss, 32 eyes(13.0%)displayed ring scotomas, 22 eyes(8.9%)had arcuate scotomas, 11 eyes(4.5%)presented with quadrant defects, 15 eyes(6.1%)had sectorial or wedge defects, and 13 eyes(5.3%)showed superior hemifield loss. The BCVA(LogMAR)and VFI of patients with diffuse visual field loss were poorer than patients with other types of visual defects(all P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in visual field defects among patients of different genders and ages(all P<0.05). However, history of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, sleep apnea and other systemic diseases, history of smoking and alcohol, and course of disease did not show specificity in the NAION visual field(all P>0.05).CONCLUSION:NAION manifests with a broad spectrum of visual field impairments across different genders, age, and levels of visual functionality. Extensive future research is necessary to identify additional reasons influencing the types of visual field damage in NAION.

ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics and distribution of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndromes in the patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC）. MethodsAn electronic questionnaire was developed to collect the general data and four examination information of ESCC patients treated in 10 areas with high incidence of esophageal cancer in China from June 2020 to March 2021. Multiple analyses including frequency analysis， factor analysis， and hierarchical cluster analysis were performed to analyze the potential syndrome elements， disease location， and common syndromes of ESCC. ResultsA total of 2 027 patients with ESCC were included. Statistical analysis was performed on 113 symptoms， physical signs， 33 tongue manifestation variables， and 23 pulse manifestation variables of the patients’ four examination information. Factor analysis was performed on 55 variables with frequency>10%， extracting 19 common factors. According to clinical experience and expert opinions， the main lesions of patients with ESCC were in the spleen and stomach， and the main syndrome elements were Qi stagnation， blood stasis， phlegm， dampness， and Qi deficiency， with the syndrome element combination of phlegm obstruction + Qi stagnation + blood stasis being the most common. The syndromes can be classified into four categories of liver-stomach disharmony + combined phlegm and Qi obstruction， kidney-spleen dysfunction + combined phlegm and stasis， spleen-kidney Yang deficiency + obstinate phlegm and blood stasis， and liver-kidney Yin deficiency + obstinate phlegm and blood stasis. The main syndrome of ESCC was liver-stomach disharmony + combined phlegm and Qi obstruction in the early stage， liver-spleen dysfunction + combined phlegm and stasis in the middle stage， and spleen-kidney Yang deficiency + obstinate phlegm and blood stasis in the late stage. ConclusionESCC mainly has main pathological features of internal deficiency and external excess and combined deficiency and excess， with the key syndrome elements being phlegm obstruction， Qi stagnation， and blood stasis. The main disease locations are in the spleen and stomach， involving the liver， kidney， chest and diaphragm， heart， and lung. The main syndrome is liver-stomach disharmony + combined phlegm and Qi obstruction. In clinical practice， it is necessary to grasp the pathogenesis dynamics of the disease and use prescriptions according to patients’ syndromes.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of genetic variation of obesity-related biological pathways and gene-obesity interactions on the incidence of gastric cancer, so as to better understand the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and help identify high-risk populations for individualized prevention of gastric cancer. MethodsA case-control study based on the Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort and Biobank study (SSACB) was conducted on the cases with gastric cancer. A total of 267 cases with gastric cancer and 267 healthy controls matched 1∶1 by age and gender using propensity score were included in the study. After genome-wide genotyping, quality control and imputation, 19 250 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites from 115 genes in 4 obesity-related biological pathways were extracted. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between these SNP sites and the risk of gastric cancer, and false positive report probability (FPRP) was used for multiple test correction.Data from Biobank Japan (BBJ) and FinnGen public accessible databases were used to validate significant SNP sites. For validated sites, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis and differentially expressed genes analysis were further performed. Additive and multiplicative interactions were used to evaluate the gene-obesity interactions on the incidence of gastric cancer. Additive interaction evaluation indicators included relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP) and synergy index (SI), while multiplicative interaction evaluation indicators include OR_GxE and P_inter. ResultsA total of 41 SNP sites were significantly associated with the onset of gastric cancer (P_adj<0.05, FPRP_0.1<0.1), among which 7 groups of haplotype blocks were formed. ACACB/ rs2268401 [SSACB: P=0.005, BBJ: P=0.049], HRAS/ rs12785860 (SSACB: P<0.001, FinnGen: P=0.045), and PTPN1/ rs6095985 (SSACB: P<0.001, FinnGen: P=0.023) were significantly associated with the risk of gastric cancer after validation in different populations. Among which, the G allele of HRAS/ rs12785860 was correlated with the downregulation of HRAS mRNA expression (P<0.001), and the expression level of HRAS in gastric cancer tissues was higher than that in adjacent normal tissues (P<0.001). Additionaly, JAK1/rs11208559 showed a positive additive interaction with waist circumstance (WC) on the risk of gastric cancer [RERI=2.29(0.06~4.53), AP=0.57(0.23~0.90), SI=4.03(2.20~5.87)]. ConclusionObesity-related biological pathway SNP sites and their haplotypes are associated with the risk of gastric cancer, suggesting that genetic variations in obesity pathways may affect gastric cancer. The HRAS/ rs12785860 is significantly associated with downregulation of HRAS gene expression, which may serve as a potential genetic marker for gastric cancer. JAK1/rs11208559 interacts with obesity additively on the risk of gastric cancer. Individuals with GC+CC genotypes and pre-central or central obesity have an increased risk of gastric cancer, providing clues and evidences for individualized prevention of gastric cancer.

The rules of acupoint selection and treatment were identified and discovered from the collected ancient acupuncture-moxibustion prescriptions recorded the earliest for epigastric pain. The database of ancient acupuncture-moxibustion prescriptions for epigastric pain was set up using Excel2016 software. After the disease term, etiology, pathogenesis, symptoms and acupoints were normalized, the underlying multi-dimensional correlation among the elements of acupuncture-moxibustion was explored, using the frequency statistics and the association rule of Apriori algorithm. In the ancient time, in treatment with acupuncture-moxibustion therapy for epigastric pain, the acupoints of the high use frequency were sequenced as Zhongwan (CV12), Shangwan (CV13), Zusanli (ST36), Neiguan (PC6), Gongsun (SP4), Pishu (BL20) and Weishu (BL21). The common combinations of acupoints included the pairs of back-shu points, the combination of back-shu points and front-mu points, the combination of front-mu points and yuan-source points and the combination of back-shu points and the lower he-sea points. The highly involved acupoints were those from the conception vessel, pericardium meridian, spleen meridian, stomach meridian and bladder meridian; and they were commonly distributed on the abdomen, the yin parts of the foot and the arm, the yang part of the leg and on the back. Regarding the etiologies such as parasites, food retention, masses, qi stagnation and stomach cold, Zhongwan (CV12) and Shangwan (CV13) were coordinated; and Sanyinjiao (SP6) and Daling (PC7) were highly associated with masses. Besides cold injury, parasites and masses, for the epigastric pain caused by other factors of etiology (qi stagnation, stomach cold and food retention), moxibustion therapy was greatly applicable. For epigastric pain combined with qi reversion in the lower abdominal region, Qichong (ST30), Sanyinjiao (SP6), Tianshu (ST25) and Zusanli (ST36) must be selected. Dadu (SP2) and Taibai (SP3) must be used if the distention in the chest and abdomen accompanied; and Zhongzhu (TE3) be used if back pain involved. Zusanli (ST36) was commonly selected for hiccups. For the other accompanied symptoms, Zhongwan (CV12) was used, which is consistent with the acupoint selection of main symptoms. On the trunk, moxibustion was generally used at Weishu (BL21), Pishu (BL20), Geshu (BL17), Zhongwan (CV12), Juque (CV14) and Qihai (CV6), except Shangwan (CV13). Among the acupoints below the elbows and knees, moxibustion was commonly applicable at Zusanli (ST36), and acupuncture was often used at Gongsun (SP4) and Daling (PC7).
Acupuncture Points ; Humans ; Moxibustion/history* ; History, Ancient ; Acupuncture Therapy/history* ; Data Mining ; Abdominal Pain/history*

OBJECTIVE: To retrieve and collate the earliest recorded texts in ancient acupuncture-moxibustion prescriptions for chest obstruction and heart pain, and explore the acupoint composition principles. METHODS: The Excel 2016 software was used to build a data set of ancient textual records on acupuncture-moxibustion prescriptions for chest obstruction and heart pain. After the terminology related to etiology, pathogenesis, accompanying symptoms, acupoints, and treatment methods unified, the frequency statistical analysis and association rule algorithms were applied to analyze the implicit association patterns among various elements of syndrome differentiation, treatment selection, and acupoint selection in ancient prescriptions from multiple dimensions. RESULTS: The basic acupoints of high frequency in ancient acupuncture-moxibustion treatment for chest obstruction and heart pain were Daling (PC7), Neiguan (PC6), Taixi (KI3), Taichong (LR3), Shangwan (CV13), Yongquan (KI1), and Xinshu (BL15). The prescription was mostly composed of yuan-source points. Besides, the combinations of two of five-shu points, five-shu points with luo-connecting points, and yuan-source points with luo-connecting points were common. The high-frequency points were from the pericardium meridian of hand-jueyin, conception vessel, kidney meridian of foot-shaoyin, liver meridian of foot-jueyin, and bladder meridian of foot-taiyang, generally distributed on the yin part of the arm, abdominal region, the yin part of foot, the back, and the yin part of the leg. Zhigou (TE6), Zusanli (ST36), Baihui (GV20), and Jiuwei (CV15), as well as the specific acupoint combinations, were used for chest obstruction and heart pain due to qi stagnation. Moxibustion was more suitable for chest obstruction and heart pain caused by qi reversion, cold and qi stagnation. Shaohai (HT3) was invariably selected when hand tremor was accompanied; Zhongchong (PC9) combined with Daling (PC7) was selected specially for feverish sensation in the palms. Moxibustion was exclusively applied to Shangwan (CV13), and Taixi (KI3) was often stimulated with moxibustion. At Neiguan (PC6) and Daling (PC7), moxibustion was delivered in combination with acupuncture (high confidence was presented in acupuncture). CONCLUSION In ancient acupuncture-moxibustion treatment for chest obstruction and heart pain, the points of the pericardium meridian of hand-jueyin are predominant, coordinated with those of the liver meridian of foot-jueyin, kidney meridian of foot-shaoyin, conception vessel, and bladder meridian of foot-taiyang. It follows the principles of acupoint selection, "the pericardium acting on behalf of the heart", "regulating qi as the priority", "combination of yuan-source points with luo-connecting points", and "selecting nearby points along the affected meridians".
Humans ; Moxibustion/history* ; Acupuncture Therapy/history* ; Acupuncture Points ; History, Ancient ; Data Mining ; Chest Pain/history* ; Prescriptions/history* ; Meridians

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is one of the malignant cancers with the highest incidence rate, and it is important to identify the factors contributing to lung cancer carcinogenesis for prevention. Lifestyle and genetic factors play important roles in cancer development, however the impact of dietary factors, such as soy product intake, on lung cancer risk remains inadequately understood. This study aims to explore the associations between soy product intake, genetic risk, and lung cancer incidence, and validate the consistent effects of soy product intake in European populations, thereby providing new insights for lung cancer prevention. METHODS: Utilizing the Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort and Biobank (SSACB) (n=66,311), Cox proportional hazards model was adopted to assess the association between soy product intake and lung cancer incidents, followed by subgroup analyses stratified by gender, smoking status, and pathological types of lung cancer. The UK Biobank (UKB) was used for validation of the effect of soy product intake on lung cancer. To investigate the association between genetic factors and lung cancer, in addition to previously reported loci, we incorporated newly identified loci from two independent studies in Southeast China: a nested case-control population from the SSACB cohort (433 cases/650 controls) and a case-control study from the Shanghai Cancer Center-Taizhou cohort (1359 cases/1359 controls). Meta-analysis and Linkage disequilibrium clumping (LD clumping) of the association results identified 23 loci for polygenic risk score (PRS) construction. Subsequently, conditional Logistic regression model was used to assess the association between genetic risk and lung cancer. RESULTS: In SSACB cohort, after adjusting for age, gender, smoking, chronic bronchitis, body mass index (BMI), vegetable intake and red meat intake, sufficient soy product intake was significantly associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer [hazard ratio (HR)=0.60, 95%CI: 0.47-0.77, Padj=6.69E-05], an effect that was consistent in males and females, smokers and non-smokers. In UKB, although the association did not reach statistical significance, a protective trend against lung cancer was also observed (HR=0.76, 95%CI: 0.55-1.06, Padj=0.10). In the nested case-control population within SSACB, a PRS score generated in the Chinese population was significantly correlated with lung cancer risk. After adjustment of age, gender, smoking, chronic bronchitis, and soy product intake, the high-PRS group had a 1.88 times higher risk of lung cancer compared to the low-PRS group (Padj=1.84E-03). CONCLUSIONS The prospective cohort study found that adequate intake of soy products was significantly associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer, while a high PRS is a risk factor for lung cancer development. Integrating soy product intake and PRS into traditional epidemiological risk factor prediction will guide personalized lung cancer prevention and high-risk population stratification.
Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/etiology* ; Male ; Female ; China/epidemiology* ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Biological Specimen Banks ; Risk Factors ; Case-Control Studies ; Cohort Studies

As the brain's resident immune cells, microglia perform crucial functions such as phagocytosis, neuronal network maintenance, and injury restoration by adopting various phenotypes. Dynamic imaging of these phenotypes is essential for accessing brain diseases and therapeutic responses. Although numerous probes are available for imaging pro-inflammatory microglia, no PET tracers have been developed specifically to visualize anti-inflammatory microglia. In this study, we present an ¹⁸F-labeled PET tracer (QTFT) that targets the P2Y₁₂, a receptor highly expressed on anti-inflammatory microglia. [¹⁸F]QTFT exhibited high binding affinity to the P2Y₁₂ (14.43 nmol/L) and superior blood-brain barrier permeability compared to other candidates. Micro-PET imaging in IL-4-induced neuroinflammation models showed higher [¹⁸F]QTFT uptake in lesions compared to the contralateral normal brain tissues. Importantly, this specific uptake could be blocked by QTFT or a P2Y₁₂ antagonist. Furthermore, [¹⁸F]QTFT visualized brain lesions in mouse models of epilepsy, glioma, and aging by targeting the aberrantly expressed P2Y₁₂ in anti-inflammatory microglia. In a pilot clinical study, [¹⁸F]QTFT successfully located epileptic foci, showing enhanced radioactive signals in a patient with epilepsy. Collectively, these studies suggest that [¹⁸F]QTFT could serve as a valuable diagnostic tool for imaging various brain disorders by targeting P2Y₁₂ overexpressed in anti-inflammatory microglia.

Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is a prevalent malignancy that afflicts the head and neck area and presents a high incidence of metastasis and invasion. Accurate diagnosis and effective treatment are essential for enhancing the quality of life and the survival rates of TSCC patients. The current treatment modalities for TSCC frequently suffer from a lack of specificity and efficacy. Nanoparticles with diagnostic and photothermal therapeutic properties may offer a new approach for the targeted therapy of TSCC. However, inadequate accumulation of photosensitizers at the tumor site diminishes the efficacy of photothermal therapy (PTT). This study modified gold nanodots (AuNDs) with the TSCC-targeting peptide HN-1 to improve the selectivity and therapeutic effects of PTT. The Au-HN-1 nanosystem effectively targeted the TSCC cells and was rapidly delivered to the tumor tissues compared to the AuNDs. The enhanced accumulation of photosensitizing agents at tumor sites achieved significant PTT effects in a mouse model of TSCC. Moreover, owing to its stable long-term fluorescence and high X-ray attenuation coefficient, the Au-HN-1 nanosystem can be used for fluorescence and computed tomography imaging of TSCC, rendering it useful for early tumor detection and accurate delineation of surgical margins. In conclusion, Au-HN-1 represents a promising nanomedicine for imaging-based diagnosis and targeted PTT of TSCC.
Tongue Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnostic imaging* ; Animals ; Gold/chemistry* ; Mice ; Photothermal Therapy/methods* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Photosensitizing Agents ; Metal Nanoparticles ; Humans ; Cell Line, Tumor