Objective To investigate the efficacy of leaflet augmentation technique to repair the recurrent mitral valve (MV) regurgitation after mitral repair in children. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of children who underwent redo MV repair for recurrent regurgitation after initial MV repair, using a leaflet augmentation technique combined with a standardized repair strategy at Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, from 2018 to 2022. The pathological features of the MV, key intraoperative procedures, and short- to mid-term follow-up outcomes were analyzed. Results A total of 24 patients (12 male, 12 female) were included, with a median age of 37.6 (range, 16.5–120.0) months. The mean interval from the initial surgery was (24.9±17.0) months. All children had severe mitral regurgitation preoperatively. The cardiopulmonary bypass time was (150.1±49.5) min, and the aortic cross-clamp time was (94.0±24.2) min. There were no early postoperative deaths. During a mean follow-up of (20.3±9.1) months, 3 (12.5%) patients developed moderate or severe mitral regurgitation (2 severe, 1 moderate). One (4.2%) patient died during follow-up, and one (4.2%) patient underwent a second MV reoperation. The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter was significantly reduced postoperatively compared to preoperatively [ (43.5±8.6) mm vs. (35.8±7.8)mm, P<0.001]. Conclusion The leaflet augmentation technique combined with a standardized repair strategy can achieve satisfactory short- to mid-term outcomes for the redo mitral repair after previous MV repair. It can be considered a safe and feasible technical option for cases with complex valvular lesions and severe pathological changes.

Objective To analyze and compare the disease burden, trends, and influencing factors of lung cancer in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) in China and globally from 1990 to 2021, providing a reference for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer in China. Methods Indicators of lung cancer disease burden in different genders and age groups in 204 countries or regions from 1990 to 2021 were retrieved and standardized from GBD 2021 database. The Joinpoint regression model was used to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) of the standardized rates of lung cancer in AYAs in China and globally from 1990 to 2021; changes in incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates due to population growth, aging, and epidemiological changes were analyzed; differences in lung cancer disease burden in AYAs in different socio-demographic index (SDI) regions were analyzed; and the influencing factors of lung cancer in AYAs in China and globally were explored. Results From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) (AAPC=−0.18%, P<0.001), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) (AAPC=−0.62%, P<0.001), and age-standardized DALYs rate (AAPC=−0.62%, P<0.001) of lung cancer in AYAs in China showed a downward trend, consistent with the global trend, but the decline in China was relatively small. During this period, the age-standardized rates of various indicators of lung cancer in males in China and globally were higher than those in females, and the burden of lung cancer in Chinese males was heavier. However, due to the significant downward trend in males, the gap in lung cancer burden between males and females was narrowing. At the same time, from 2013 to 2021, the ASIR [annual percent change (APC)=2.01%, P<0.001], ASMR (APC=1.46%, P<0.001), and standardized DALYs rate (APC=1.46%, P<0.001) in China showed an upward trend. From 1990 to 2021, among the main influencing factors for the incidence, mortality, and DALYs rates of lung cancer in Chinese AYAs, the contribution of aging was upward-pushing, while the increase in global indicators was mainly attributed to population growth. The global burden of lung cancer in AYAs was overly concentrated in high SDI regions. Although the gap in lung cancer burden between high SDI and low SDI regions was narrowing, it remained widespread. Globally, smoking, environmental PM2.5, insufficient fruit intake, second-hand smoke, and indoor air pollution were prominent risk factors. Conclusion From 1990 to 2021, the global and Chinese AYAs lung cancer incidence and mortality rates generally show a downward trend, but the female lung cancer burden relatively increases, especially in young women without a history of smoking. Continued efforts are needed to reduce the burden of lung cancer in AYAs, especially the specific risk for young women.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical efficacy of integrating pharmacists into family health teams （FHTs） for long-term medication therapeutical management （MTM） in stroke patients， and empirically evaluate the service model. METHODS A pharmacist team， jointly established by clinical and community pharmacists from the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University （hereinafter referred to as “our hospital”）， developed a pharmacist-supported MTM model integrated into FHTs. Using a prospective randomized controlled design， 170 stroke patients discharged from our hospital （July 2022-December 2023） and enrolled in FHTs at Suzhou Runda Community Hospital were randomly divided into trial group （88 cases） and control group （82 cases） according to random number table. The control group received routine FHTs care （without pharmacist involvement in the team collaboration）， while the trial group xhz8405@126.com received 12-month MTM services supported by pharmacists via an information platform. These services specifically included innovative interventions such as personalized medication regimen optimization based on the MTM framework， dynamic medication adherence management， medication safety monitoring， a home medication assessment system， and distinctive service offerings. Outcomes of the 2 grousp were compared before and after intervention， involving medication adherence （adherence rate， adherence score）， compliance rates for stroke recurrence risk factors [blood pressure， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）]， and incidence of adverse drug reactions （ADR）. RESULTS After 12 months， the trial group exhibited significantly higher medication adherence rates， improved adherence scores， higher compliance rates for blood pressure and LDL-C targets compared to the control group （P＜0.05）. The incidence of ADR in the trial group （4.55%） was significantly lower than that in the control group （8.11%）， though the difference was not statistically significant （P＞ 0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacist involvement in FHTs to deliver MTM services significantly enhances medication adherence and optimizes risk factor for stroke recurrence， offering practical evidence for advancing pharmaceutical care in chronic disease management under the family doctor system.

Objective To establish and validate the reference interval for serum anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH)in healthy women of childbearing age in Shenzhen using an indirect method based on mathematical statistics.Methods Collected the AMH data for women aged 21～50 in outpatient and physical examination populations in Shenzhen Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital from 2017 to 2023.Grouping by age range of five,first performed normality tested on each group of data,and used the interquartile range method to remove outliers for non-normal data.Then established reference intervals for AMH in different age groups through indirect method(Hoffmann method)and verified them.Compared with the reference interval of the reagent instructions and analyzed the correlation be-tween serum AMH levels and age.Results The correlation coefficient between serum AMH and age in women of childbearing age was-0.642,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).The distribution of AMH levels among women in six age groups was compared,and the difference was statistically significant(H=28 392.655,P<0.05),and AMH levels showed a decreasing trend with age.The reference range of serum AMH at ages 21～25,26～30,31～35,36～40,41～45 and 46～50 yesrs were 0.92～11.30,0.68～9.43,0.38～7.51,0.12～6.93,<4.42 and<1.83ng/ml,respectively,and all reference intervals in each group had been validated.Compared to the age groups provided by the manufacturer,the age groups in this study are more refined,the reference range was narrower,and the interpretation of clinical and laboratory data was more accurate.Conclusion This study used Hoffmann's indirect method for the first time to establish a reference range for AMH in women aged 21～50 years in Shenzhen.The reference interval established is more in line with the actual situation and is a simple and reliable acquisition mode,suitable for promotion and wide application in clinical labo-ratories.

Objective To establish and validate the reference interval for serum anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH)in healthy women of childbearing age in Shenzhen using an indirect method based on mathematical statistics.Methods Collected the AMH data for women aged 21～50 in outpatient and physical examination populations in Shenzhen Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital from 2017 to 2023.Grouping by age range of five,first performed normality tested on each group of data,and used the interquartile range method to remove outliers for non-normal data.Then established reference intervals for AMH in different age groups through indirect method(Hoffmann method)and verified them.Compared with the reference interval of the reagent instructions and analyzed the correlation be-tween serum AMH levels and age.Results The correlation coefficient between serum AMH and age in women of childbearing age was-0.642,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).The distribution of AMH levels among women in six age groups was compared,and the difference was statistically significant(H=28 392.655,P<0.05),and AMH levels showed a decreasing trend with age.The reference range of serum AMH at ages 21～25,26～30,31～35,36～40,41～45 and 46～50 yesrs were 0.92～11.30,0.68～9.43,0.38～7.51,0.12～6.93,<4.42 and<1.83ng/ml,respectively,and all reference intervals in each group had been validated.Compared to the age groups provided by the manufacturer,the age groups in this study are more refined,the reference range was narrower,and the interpretation of clinical and laboratory data was more accurate.Conclusion This study used Hoffmann's indirect method for the first time to establish a reference range for AMH in women aged 21～50 years in Shenzhen.The reference interval established is more in line with the actual situation and is a simple and reliable acquisition mode,suitable for promotion and wide application in clinical labo-ratories.

Open limb fractures, often caused by high-energy trauma, are frequently complicated by bacterial contamination, which can lead to delayed wound healing, impaired fracture union, or nonunion. The pathophysiological changes following the fractures can induce a series of alterations in the gut microbiota and their metabolites, resulting in gut microbial dysbiosis that adversely affects open limb fracture healing. Restoring the balance of the gut microbiota may help modulate immune responses and bone metabolism in patients, thereby promoting open fracture repair. Currently, there is no comprehensive summary of the relationship between gut microbiota and open limb fractures or the mechanisms by which gut microbiota interventions regulate fracture healing. Therefore, the authors reviewed the recent advances in the impact of gut microbiota dysbiosis on open limb fracture healing and corresponding intervention strategies, aiming to provide a reference for developing integrated fracture treatment approaches based on microbiome regulation.

Objective To explore the association between walking exercise guided by 6 minute walking test(6MWT)and the incidences of 3-year major adverse cardiovascular event(MACE)in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS)after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods A total of 628 elderly ACS patients who undergoing PCI and obtaining success-ful coronary revascularization in our department from November 2018 to April 2019 were enrolled,and divided into 6MWT group(n=147)and control group(n=481)based on participa-ting in walking exercise guided by 6MWT or not.All of them were followed up for 3 years.The incidences of MACE[including coronary target vascular restenosis,acute myocardial infarction,heart failure,ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke]and all-cause death were observed.Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional analyses and Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis were employed for data statistical analyses.Results At the end of follow-up,the incidences of target vascular restenosis(6.9％vs 2.0％,P=0.028),heart failure(3.7％vs 0％,P=0.036),stroke(3.7％vs 0％,P=0.036),and total MACE incidence(15.0％vs 4.1％,P=0.000)were statistically higher in the control group than the 6MWT group.Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that the cumulative incidence of MACE was significantly lower in the 6MWT group than the control group(Plog rank=0.001).Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that not participating in walking exercise guided by 6MWT was an independent risk factor for occurrence of 3-year MACE(HR=3.102,95％CI:1.327-7.250,P=0.009).Conclusion Walking exercise guided by 6MWT reduces the incidence of 3-year MACE and improves the long-term prognosis of elderly ACS patients after PCI.

Open limb fractures, often caused by high-energy trauma, are frequently complicated by bacterial contamination, which can lead to delayed wound healing, impaired fracture union, or nonunion. The pathophysiological changes following the fractures can induce a series of alterations in the gut microbiota and their metabolites, resulting in gut microbial dysbiosis that adversely affects open limb fracture healing. Restoring the balance of the gut microbiota may help modulate immune responses and bone metabolism in patients, thereby promoting open fracture repair. Currently, there is no comprehensive summary of the relationship between gut microbiota and open limb fractures or the mechanisms by which gut microbiota interventions regulate fracture healing. Therefore, the authors reviewed the recent advances in the impact of gut microbiota dysbiosis on open limb fracture healing and corresponding intervention strategies, aiming to provide a reference for developing integrated fracture treatment approaches based on microbiome regulation.

Objective To explore the association between walking exercise guided by 6 minute walking test(6MWT)and the incidences of 3-year major adverse cardiovascular event(MACE)in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS)after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods A total of 628 elderly ACS patients who undergoing PCI and obtaining success-ful coronary revascularization in our department from November 2018 to April 2019 were enrolled,and divided into 6MWT group(n=147)and control group(n=481)based on participa-ting in walking exercise guided by 6MWT or not.All of them were followed up for 3 years.The incidences of MACE[including coronary target vascular restenosis,acute myocardial infarction,heart failure,ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke]and all-cause death were observed.Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional analyses and Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis were employed for data statistical analyses.Results At the end of follow-up,the incidences of target vascular restenosis(6.9％vs 2.0％,P=0.028),heart failure(3.7％vs 0％,P=0.036),stroke(3.7％vs 0％,P=0.036),and total MACE incidence(15.0％vs 4.1％,P=0.000)were statistically higher in the control group than the 6MWT group.Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that the cumulative incidence of MACE was significantly lower in the 6MWT group than the control group(Plog rank=0.001).Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that not participating in walking exercise guided by 6MWT was an independent risk factor for occurrence of 3-year MACE(HR=3.102,95％CI:1.327-7.250,P=0.009).Conclusion Walking exercise guided by 6MWT reduces the incidence of 3-year MACE and improves the long-term prognosis of elderly ACS patients after PCI.

Two pediatric heart failure patients were treated with pulmonary artery banding(PAB)at Fuwai Hospital,from December 2021 to January 2022.In the first case,an 8-month-old patient presented with left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy(LVNC),left ventricular systolic dysfunction,ventricular septal defect,and atrial septal defect.The second case was a 4-month-old patient with LVNC,left ventricular systolic dysfunction,and coarctation of the aorta.After PAB,the left ventricular function and shape of both patients were significantly improved,without serious surgery-related complications.In these individual cases of pediatric heart failure,pulmonary artery banding exhibited a more satisfactory efficacy and safety compared to pharmacological treatment,especially for those with unsatisfactory medication results.Future clinical data are needed to promote the rational and broader application of this therapeutic option for indicated patients.