Objective To design a mobile personnel radiation protection equipment for operation in environments with high radiation such as spent fuel reprocessing plants, to achieve simultaneous protection against γ radiation, neutron radiation, and radioactive aerosol, to reduce the internal and external exposure dose of radioactive workers, and to meet the requirement of operation for two hours. Methods The core parts of the mobile personnel radiation protection equipment included a shielding chamber and a respiratory maintenance system. An automated chassis was used for the movement and lifting of the shielding chamber. MCNP software was used to simulate and calculate the protective effects of shielding chamber made of different materials and material thicknesses. Experimental verification of the shielding chamber design was conducted. Mathematical models were established to describe the variations in the content of various gases in the chamber with personnel operation time. A respiratory maintenance system, a harmful gas absorption device, and an automated mobile chassis were designed. Results The shielding chamber made of polyethylene with a thickness of 80 mm achieved an 80% neutron shielding rate. The respiratory maintenance system could support workers for 2 hours of operation inside the equipment. The mobile chassis allowed operation of the equipment with one person. Conclusion This mobile personnel radiation protection equipment can solve the problem in simultaneous protection against γ radiation, neutron radiation, and radioactive aerosol. The equipment can provide radiation protection for radioactive workers, reduce exposure dose, and reduce personnel burden. This system provides technical means for the operation and maintenance of equipment in high-radiation sites such as spent fuel reprocessing plants.

Objective:To investigate the cognition and learning habits of different types of postgraduates and evaluate learning effect and its potential risk factors on clinical epidemiology in a medical college, so as to provide relevant data for improving the teaching method and learning effect of clinical research methods for postgraduates.Methods:A cross-sectional study design was conducted to enroll all the postgraduates of Grade 2020 in a military medical school. A self-filled questionnaire was adopted to collect data. The discrepancy of cognition and learning habits between different types of postgraduates was evaluated by univariate analysis. Discussion was conducted to clarify the potential risk factors of learning effect. t tests or Mann-Whitney U tests were conducted to test the differences between groups for continuous variables. Chi-squared tests or McNemar tests were applied to evaluate the difference between groups for categorical variables. Results:A total of 652 postgraduate students were enrolled for analysis, including 409 master students (62.7) and 243 doctoral students (37.3). The proportion of doctoral students who have heard of clinical epidemiology ( χ2=19.99, P<0.001), who have learned clinical epidemiology ( χ2=9.20, P=0.002), who are interested in ( χ2=11.41, P=0.001) and think the course is important ( χ2=10.71, P=0.001), who previewed before class( χ2=11.21, P=0.001), reviewed after class ( χ2=3.29, P=0.001) and actively discuss in class ( χ2=11.64, P=0.001) is significantly higher than that of master students, the difference was statistically significance. The average score of all the postgraduates was (5.50±1.62) points before teaching and (7.47±1.90) points after teaching, the difference was statistically significant ( t=-23.49, P<0.001). After teaching, the grades of full-time students improved more than that of part-time graduate students, there was statistical significance in the master group ( t=4.41, P<0.001), while not in the doctor group ( t=0.94, P=0.351). Conclusions:The mastery of key points on clinical epidemiology have significantly improved after teaching among the postgraduates of different types. Different teaching methods and processes should be adopted to the variety of postgraduates according to their knowledge foundations and shortcomings. Besides, standardizing their learning habits are of certain significance to improve the learning effect.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the third most common malignancy with a high recurrence and metastasis rate in South China. Natural compounds extracted from traditional Chinese herbal medicines have been developed and utilized for the treatment of a variety of cancers with modest properties and slight side effects. Maackiain (MA) is a type of flavonoid that was first isolated from leguminous plants, and it has been reported to relieve various nervous system disorders and exert anti-allergic as well as anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we demonstrated that MA inhibited proliferation, arrested cell cycle and induced apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE1 and CNE2 cells in vitro and in vivo. The expression of the related proteins associated with these processes were consistent with the above effects. Moreover, transcriptome sequencing and subsequent Western blot experiments revealed that inhibition of the MAPK/Ras pathway may be responsible to the anti-tumor effect of MA on NPC cells. Therefore, the effects of MA and an activator of this pathway, tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), alone or combination, were investigated. The results showed TBHQ neutralized the inhibitory effects of MA. These data suggest that MA exerts its anti-tumor effect by inhibiting the MAPK/Ras signaling pathway and it has the potential to become a treatment for patients with NPC.
Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma/pathology* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Apoptosis ; Signal Transduction ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology*

Objective:To develop the anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody 64Cu-1, 4, 7-trizacyclononane-1, 4, 7-triacetic acid (NOTA)-CD30 and visualize CD30 expression in lymphoma non-invasively. Methods:The CD30 expression levels of 5 cell lines (Karpas299, Raji, Daudi, Ramos, and U266) were assessed by Western blot. Cell lines with high and low CD30 expression were selected for flow cytometry to evaluate the specific binding affinity of anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody. Thirteen NSG mice were used to established CD30 positive and negative subcutaneous xenograft models. 64Cu-NOTA-CD30 was obtained and 64Cu-NOTA-immunoglobulin (Ig)G was used as the control. ImmunoPET imaging was performed 2, 24, and 48 h after the injection of 64Cu-NOTA-CD30 or 64Cu-NOTA-IgG. Finally, the biodistribution studies were conducted. Repeated-measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni test were conducted for comparison. Results:Karpas299 showed the highest CD30 expression, while Raji showed the lowest. Flow cytometry showed specific binding affinity of the anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody to the Karpas299 cell line. The radiochemical purities of the probes were both higher than 95%. In microPET, the 64Cu-NOTA-CD30 uptake of Karpas299 xenograft tumors increased over time, with (11.46±0.58), (17.60±1.16) and (19.46±0.99) percentage activity of injection dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g) at 2, 24 and 48 h respectively. The contrast to normal tissue was good at 48 h, with the tumor/heart (blood) ratio of 2.20±0.22. The uptake of 64Cu-NOTA-CD30 in Karpas299 tumor at 48 h after injection was significantly higher than that in Raji tumor ((6.10±1.03) %ID/g) and 64Cu-NOTA-IgG in Karpas299 tumor ((5.12±0.89) %ID/g; F=290.99, t values: 19.65 and 22.25, all P<0.001). The uptake of 64Cu-NOTA-CD30 and the control probe in the heart and liver decreased over time in all groups. Ex vivo biodistribution at 48 h was mainly consistent with the results of microPET in vivo. Conclusions:64Cu-NOTA-CD30 is able to visualize the expression level and distribution of CD30 non-invasively. It is promising to be applied for screening the beneficial groups and evaluating efficacy for CD30-targeted immunotherapy.

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of probe-based near-infrared autofluorescence imaging (NIRAF) of the parathyroid gland.Methods:A total of 71 patients with thyroid cancer eligible for admission from May 4, 2023 to May 26, 2023 were selected, including 42 patients with thyroid cancer enrolled in the Department of Thyroid (hernia), Department of General Surgery, PLA General Hospital, including 29 females and 13 males, with a median age of 41 years, ranging from 21 to 76 years. A total of 29 patients with thyroid cancer were enrolled in the Department of Thyroid Surgery of Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, including 22 females and 7 males. The median age was 42.5 years, ranging from 24 to 72 years. The follow-up period was 1 month.Results:Among them, 196 suspicious parathyroid tissues were identified by the naked eye, and 207 suspicious parathyroid tissues were identified by probe NIRAF technology. Naked eye identification sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 84.86%, 56% and 81.89%. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of parathyroid tissue identification by probe NIRAF were 92.66%, 80.00% and 90.53%, which were better than that of naked eye identification, and had a good coincidence rate with the results of immunocolloidal gold test or intraoperative freezing pathology (Kappa=0.61, P<0.001) . Conclusion:The probe-based NIRAF technique has a good ability to identify parathyroid tissue.

Objective To summarize the clinical phenotype and gene mutation characteristics of early epileptic encephalopathy caused by STXBP1 gene mutation and the application of second-generation gene sequencing in etiological diagnosis.Methods Retrospective analysis of clinical characteristics,gene test results,treatment and efficacy of 19 children with epileptic encephalopathy with genetic diagnosis of STXBP1 gene mutation who were seen in the Department of Pediatrics of the Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2017 to January 2021.Results The disease started within 1 month after birth in 15 children(78.9%).All 19 children had significant electro-encephalo gram(EEG)changes:13 cases of burst suppression(68.4%)and high arrhythmia in 12 cases(63.2%).A total of 18 pathogenic variants were detected in 19 children,all of them new,of which 7 loci have not been reported so far.Five children were diagnosed with Otahara syndrome,five with infantile spasms,and nine with an epileptic syndrome that could not be classified.At a follow-up of 6 months to 4 years and 5 months,1 case was discontinued,5 cases had complete remission of seizures,6 cases had partial remission,and 7 cases were ineffective.8 of the 12 children with seizure remission or control were treated effectively with combination levetiracetam,4 of the 6 children with spasms responded with the addition of vigabatrin,and 7 presented with drug refractory epilepsy.All 19 children had varying degrees of developmental delay.Conclusion Mental-motor retardation and recurrent seizures are the main,independent phenotypic features of STXBP1-encephalopathy,STXBP1 gene variants are predominantly de novo variants,second-generation gene sequencing diagnosis helps in the early diagnosis of STXBP1-encephalopathy,levetiracetam and aminocaproic acid may be partially effective in controlling seizures in STXBP1-encephalopathy,and ketogenic diet provides new ideas for early-onset epileptic encephalopathy treatment provides a new idea.

Centenarians are known as the "model population" in the study of healthy aging. Understanding their characteristics of health and longevity and its related influencing factors would facilitate the exploration of the possible path to achieve health and longevity under the background of population aging in China. In recent years, the population based observational studies, including China Hainan Centenarian Cohort Study (CHCCS), have found the main health characteristics of centenarians and their relationship with quality of life. This paper summarizes the relevant research results from CHCCS in recent years, and compare them with the results of similar domestic studies. The main health indicators include blood pressure, blood lipid, blood glucose, hemoglobin, body measurement and renal function. The health outcomes including diet, nutrition, health-related quality of life, activities of daily living, geriatric syndrome. The results are expected to provide epidemiological evidence for the development of healthy aging policies.

Objective:To explore the association between parathyroid hormone (PTH) and all-cause death in the centenarians in Hainan Province.Methods:The study was based on China Hainan Centenarian Cohort Study, a total of 1 002 centenarians were included in the baseline survey, the follow up was conducted to collect the information about their death outcome. The association between baseline PTH level and all-cause death was analyzed by Cox proportional risk regression model using continuous variables, dichotomous variables, and quad variables as independent variables of the centenarians.Results:As of May 31 st, 2021, a total of 522 centenarians had died in the follow up period, the median of the follow up time was 4.16 (1.31,5.04) years, and the mortality rate was 52.10%. After fully adjusting the covariates, the multiple Cox proportional hazards regression analyses showed that the risk of all-cause death increased by 3.7% for every 10 pg/ml increase in PTH value, the HR was 1.037 (95% CI: 1.007-1.067) in all the centenarians. The risk of death in the centenarians in the highest PTH group was 1.458 (95% CI: 1.131-1.878) times higher than that in the lowest PTH group. Conclusions:Higher parathyroid hormone level was associated with the elevated risk for all-cause death in the centenarians in Hainan. PTH can be used as a reference index for the prediction of the death risk of long-lived elderly in community.

Objective:To examine the association between depression and all-cause death in centenarians in Hainan Province.Methods:Based on China Hainan Centenarian Cohort Study, 1 002 centenarians with integral data were included in the baseline survey, follow up was conducted to collect the information about their survival status and death outcome. Depression was evaluated by the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) and based on the evaluation scores, the mental status of the centenarians was classified as: severe depressive disorder (MDD; score ≥10), minor depressive disorder (MnDD; score 6-9), and normal status (score ≤5). Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models was used to estimate the hazard ratios ( HRs) and 95% CIs. Results:As of May 31 st, 2021, a total of 522 deaths had been reported, with a mortality density of 152.39/1 000 person-years and a median follow up time M( Q1, Q3) of 4.16 (1.31, 5.04) years, in the centenarians. After adjusting the factors of socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyle, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the risk of all-cause mortality increased by 3.1% for every 1-point increase in GDS-15 score ( HR=1.031, 95% CI: 1.002-1.061). Compared with centenarians with normal status, the risk of mortality in the centenarians with MDD increased by 35.9% ( HR=1.359, 95% CI: 1.023-1.806), the centenarians with MDD had an average 1.94 years of life lost. Among the female centenarians, the risk of mortality in MnDD group and MDD group increased by 29.3% ( HR=1.293, 95% CI: 1.053-1.590) and 42.3% ( HR=1.423, 95% CI: 1.047-1.935) compared with normal group, those with MDD had an average 1.71 years of life lost. Conclusions:Depression was related to the increased risk of all-cause death and life lost in the centenarians in Hainan.

Objective:To describe and analyze the relationship between traditional and new obesity related anthropometric indicators and all-cause death in centenarians in Hainan, the traditional and new obesity related anthropometric indicators included BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist hip ratio (WHR), waist height ratio, calf circumference (CC), waist-calf ratio (WCR), lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI), a body shape index (ABSI), a body shape index of Chinese (CABSI) and body roundness index.Methods:A total of 1 002 centenarians in Hainan were selected by cluster sampling. The M( Q1,Q3) follow-up time was 4.16 (1.31, 5.04) years and the outcome was all-cause death. Multiple Cox regression model was used to analyze the relationship between the obesity related anthropometric indicators and all-cause death, and the area under receiver operating characteristic curve was used for comparison. Results:In all the centenarians, CC had the strongest power to predict death, with area under curve (AUC) of 0.61 (95% CI:0.57-0.64), the gender specific results were consistent with that in overall population ( P<0.05), followed by WCR with AUC of 0.58, and then BMI, LAP and WC with AUC of 0.55, 0.55 and 0.54 respectively, while CABSI, WHR and VAI had the weaker power to predict death with AUC of 0.51, 0.50 and 0.50 respectively. Conclusions:This was the first study to prospectively compare and analyze the association between 12 obesity related anthropometric indicators and all-cause death in a large sample cohort of centenarians in China. It was found that CC had the best prediction power for death, and the risk for death decreased with the increase of CC value in a dose-response manner. It is suggested that CC can be used as a reference index for death risk monitoring in the elderly.