Objective To explore the protective effect and related mechanism of Compound Baimai Powder(CBMP,a compound description of Mongolian medicine)on astrocytes after oxygen glu-cose deprivation and reoxygenation(OGD/R)injury.Methods Astrocyte model of OGD/R injury was subjected to simulate in vitro cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.Cultured astrocytes were randomly divided into normal group,OGD/R group,OGD/R+nimodipine group(10 μmol/L),OGD/R+low-and high-dose CBMP groups(25,50 μmol/L).Cell viability and apoptosis were de-tected with CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry,respectively.Western blotting was used to measure the expression levels of the proteins related to the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2(NRF2)/antioxidant response element and Janus kinase(J AK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)signaling pathways.ELISA was employed to examine the levels of inflam-matory factors IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α,as well as oxidative stress molecules ROS,GSH,MDA and SOD.Results Compared to the normal group,the OGD/R group showed significant decreases in cell viability,NRF2 protein level,and SOD and GSH activities(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and obvious increases in p-JAK and p-STAT proteins levels,contents of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α,and ROS and MDA levels(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).High-dose CBMP treatment resulted in notably elevated cell via-bility and NRF2 protein level,while reduced levels of p-JAK[(1.20±0.20)vs(2.50±0.26)]and p-STAT[(1.15±0.25)vs(2.10±0.21)]proteins,IL-6[(30.33±5.20)vs(180.35±18.50)]and TNF-α[(50.12±8.24)vs(160.45±15.20)]when compared to the OGD/R group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion CBMP exerts protective effect on astrocytes against OGD/R injury.

Objective:To investigate the effects of SS31 peptide on cognitive function and cortical oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease (AD) model mice.Methods:Eighteen SPF grade male 8-month-old APP/PS1 mice were randomly divided into model group and SS31 group according to the random number table method, with nine mice in each group. Additionally, nine C57BL/6J mice with matched weight were selected as the control group. The mice in SS31 group were intraperitoneally injected with SS31 peptide (3 mg/kg, 0.3 mg/mL), while the mice in model group and control group were intraperitoneally injected with an equal volume of 0.9% NaCl solution.The response ability and daily living ability of mice were evaluated by nest building test (NBT).The learning, memory and exploration abilities of mice were assessed by new object recognition (NOR) and Morris water maze test (MWM). ELISA was used to detect the levels of β -amyloid protein (Aβ) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cerebral cortex of mice, and immunofluorescence (IF) was used to detect the number of Aβ plaques.Flow cytometry was used to detect neuronal apoptosis rate, Nissl staining was used to detect neuronal damage, and transmission electron microscopy was used to observe neuronal and mitochondrial morphology. Statistical analysis was conducted by SPSS 25.0 software. One-way ANOVA or repeated measures ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis H test were used for multi-group comparison. Results:(1) The cognitive evaluation results showed that there were statistically significant differences in NBT latency, 15 hour nest building score, and NOR recognition index among the 3 groups of mice ( F=5.488, 6.750, 10.379, all P<0.05), as well as the platform crossing frequency( H=6.742, P<0.05).The time and group interaction of MWM escape latency in the 3 groups of mice were not significant( F=0.975, P=0.460), but the main effect of time and group were significant( F=14.011, 4.173, both P<0.05).The percentage of platform quadrant dwell time in the model group ((22.91 ± 5.16)%) was lower than that in the control group ((39.96±4.69)%) ( P<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference compared to the SS31 group ((25.18±3.04)%) ( P>0.05). (2) The ELISA results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the levels of Aβ40, Aβ42 and ROS in cerebral cortex of the 3 groups of mice ( F=12.634, 43.670, 7.143, all P<0.01).All the above indicators of cerebral cortex in the model group were higher than those in control group and SS31 group (all P<0.05). The IF results also confirmed that the numbers of Aβ40 and Aβ42 plaques in cerebral cortex of the model group were higher than those of the control group and SS31 group (all P<0.05). (3) The results of flow cytometry and Nissl staining showed that there were statistically significant differences in the apoptosis rate and injury rate of cortical neurons among the 3 groups of mice ( F=234.086, 43.800, both P<0.05), and the two indicators of cortical neurons in the model group were higher than those in control group and SS31 group (all P<0.05). The transmission electron microscopy results showed that compared with the control group, the structure and morphology of cortical neurons and mitochondria in the model group were abnormal, while the structure and morphology of the SS31 group were close to normal. Conclusion:SS31 peptide can improve cognitive function in AD model mice by inhibiting oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis in cerebral cortex.

Objective:To construct a structural equation model for neck work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in the footwear industry and analyze the mediating effect of fatigue in the model.Methods:From November 2018 to December 2019, stratified cluster sampling was adopted to select all the workers (3565 people) from 7 footwear enterprises in Fujian Province as the research subjects. The incidence of WMSDs, fatigue and work-related condition were investigated by using the Chinese version of the Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire. A structural equation model of individual factors, work type, work posture, work organization factors, and fatigue on neck WMSDs was constructed to analyze the mediating effect of fatigue among them.Results:The incidence rate of WMSDs in the neck of footwear workers was 39.6% (1413/3565) , and the incidence rate of neck fatigue was 46.6% (1662/3565) .The final structural equation model was constructed with a χ2/ df of 9.927, a goodness-of-fit index of 0.961, an adjusted goodness-of-fit index of 0.946, and a root mean square error of approximation of 0.050. Except for the χ2/ df, all other fit indicators met the standard. Individual factors and work posture factors had a direct effect on neck WMSDs, with standardized path coefficients of 0.101 and 0.077, respectively ( P<0.05) . Individual factors, work type, work posture, and work organization had indirect effects on neck WMSDs through fatigue, the standardized path coefficients of indirect effects were 0.163, 0.090, 0.206, 0.105, respectively, and the standardized path coefficients of the total effect were 0.264, 0.090, 0.282, and 0.105 respectively ( P<0.05) . The indirect effects of individual factors and work posture factors on neck WMSDs through fatigue accounted for 61.74% and 73.05% of the total effects, respectively. The standardized path coefficient of fatigue on WMSDs was 0.689 ( P<0.001) , with the highest coefficient among all paths. Conclusion:Individual factors, work type, work posture, and work organization factors are important influencing factors in the occurrence and development of neck WMSDs in the footwear industry, and fatigue plays an important mediating role in them.

Objective To explore the change trend and related mechanism of resting metabolic rate induced by corticosterone in mice,and observe the intervention effects of Zhibai Dihuang Pill and Jinkui Shenqi pill.Methods Sixty-four mice were randomly divided into short-term and long-term groups,and each group was randomly divided into four groups.Mice in CORT group,ZBDH group and JKSQ group were given sterile drinking water containing corticosterone,and mice in Ctrl group were given sterile drinking water containing 1%anhydrous ethanol.Mice in ZBDH group and JKSQ group were given Chinese medicine by gavage.RMR of mice in each group was dynamically monitored during modeling and Chinese medicine intervention.The morphology of mitochondria in liver and muscle were observed by transmission electron microscope.The TR expression level in liver and muscle tissues of each group was observed by immunofluorescence,and MDA and ATP levels were detected in liver and muscle tissues of each group.levels of ACTH,TSH,INS,T3,T4,FT3,FT4,8-OHdG,FGF-21,GDF-15,L-lactic acid and pyruvic acid in serum were also detected.Results Compared with Ctrl group,the mitochondrial morphology of liver and muscle tissues in CORT group was damaged,and the expression of TR was decreased.In short-term(Day 8),RMR,ATP in liver,serum T4,ACTH and INS levels were significantly increased in the CORT group,while serum FGF-21,TSH levels and MDA in liver were significantly decreased.In long term(Day 56),RMR,serum 8-OhdG,INS,and ATP in liver and muscle were significantly decreased in the CORT group,serum FGF-21,GDF-15,T3,T4,FT3,FT4,MDA in liver and muscle were significantly increased.Compared with CORT group,in short term,RMR,serum L(+)-lactate in ZBDH group were significantly decreased,while serum 8-OHdG and the expression of TRα in muscle were significantly increased.In JKSQ group,the mitochondrial morphology of muscle tissue was improved,the expression of TRα and serum FGF-21 were significantly increased,while serum L(+)-lactic acid,FT4 and ATP in liver were significantly decreased.In long term,serum FGF-21 was significantly lower in ZBDH group,and in JKSQ group,RMR,ATP in liver tissue and TRα expression in muscle were significantly increased,while the levels of FGF-21,GDF-15,T3,FT4 in serum and MDA in muscle tissue were significantly decreased.Conclusion CORT induced RMR to increase first and then decrease with the intervention time.In the short term,Zhibai Dihuang Pill significantly decreased RMR in mice,while in the long term,Jinkui Shenqi Pill significantly increased RMR.The mechanism may be related to mitochondrial injury,thyroxine secretion and thyroxine receptor expression.

Objective:To observe the efficacy and safety of combined lienal polypeptide injection therapy in the treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia（MPP）in children aged 3 to 14 years old in multiple clinical centers.Methods:A randomized，controlled，multi-center clinical study design was adopted.A total of 240 hospitalized children aged 3 to 14 years old with MPP from 7 hospitals from September 1，2023 to January 31，2024 were included.According to the severity of pneumonia，they were divided into the mild MPP group with 80 cases and the severe MPP/refractory MPP（SMPP/RMPP）group with 160 cases，and then randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group at a ratio of 1 ∶1，using the random number table method.After screening，subjects entered a treatment period of 5 to 7 days.The control group was treated with azithromycin，while the experimental group was treated with azithromycin plus lienal polypeptide injection .The recovery of lung CT，length of hospital stay，duration of fever，cough score，whether mild cases developed into severe or refractory cases，duration of hormone use，use of intravenous immunoglobulin（IVIG），bronchoscopy treatment，and immune function were observed between the two groups to evaluate the efficacy of lienal polypeptide injection.Adverse events after medication，vital signs，blood routine，urine routine，liver function，myocardial enzymes，renal function，and electrocardiogram were observed to evaluate the safety. Results:A total of 231 subjects have completed the trial in the 7 hospitals，including 118 cases in the experimental group and 113 cases in the control group.Main observation index：the rate of lung CT aggravation in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group（2.6% vs 15.3%， P<0.01），and the difference was statistically significant.Secondary indexes：there were no statistically significant differences in the length of hospital stay，duration of fever，cough score，duration of hormone use，whether IVIG treatment was used，the number of bronchoscopy treatment cases，and immunoglobulin between the two groups（all P>0.05）.However，the rate of cases of plastic bronchitis（PB）found under bronchoscopy in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group（0 vs 18.8%， P=0.03），and the difference was statistically significant.Among the mild MPP（72 cases），there were no statistically significant differences in the length of hospital stay，duration of fever，cough score，duration of hormone use，whether IVIG treatment was used，the number of bronchoscopy treatment cases，and the improvement rate of lung CT between the two groups（all P>0.05）.However，compared with the control group，the rate of cases developing into SMPP/RMPP in the experimental group was less（24.3% vs 48.6%， P=0.03），and the difference in IgG before and after treatment was small［0.53（-0.04，1.18）g/L vs 1.33（0.48，2.25）g/L， P=0.01］.Among the SMPP/RMPP cases（159 cases），the rate of cases of PB found under bronchoscopy in the experimental group was less than that in the control group（0 vs 20%， P=0.04），and the rate of cases with aggravated lung CT in the experimental group was less than that in the control group（1.3% vs 19.5%， P<0.01），and the improvement rate of lung CT in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group（88.8% vs 75.3%， P=0.03），with statistically significant differences.There were no statistically significant differences in the length of hospital stay，duration of fever，cough score，duration of hormone use，whether IVIG treatment was used，the number of bronchoscopy treatment cases，and immunoglobulin between the two groups（all P>0.05）.Two cases in the experimental group developed rashes，which improved after the drug was discontinued.There were no serious adverse reactions such as abnormal vital signs like dyspnea and cyanosis due to the use of lienal polypeptide injection.There were no obvious changes in blood routine，liver function，myocardial enzymes，renal function，electrocardiogram，and urine routine values before and after medication compared with the baseline. Conclusion:The combined use of lienal polypeptide injection in the treatment of MPP in children can reduce the probability of the transformation from mild cases to SMPP/RMPP，reduce the rate of aggravation of the image findings，promote the absorption of lung inflammation，reduce the rate of PB found under bronchoscopy，and has good safety.

Objective To analyze the distribution of serum food specific immunoglobulin(Ig)E and IgG antibodies in patients with adverse food reactions in Qingdao area.Methods The specific IgE test results of 4 199 patients with suspected food allergy and the specific IgG test results of 741 patients with food intoler-ance were collected from the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from 2012 to 2022.A total of 4 199 pa-tients with suspected food allergy(2 308 males and 1 891 females)were enrolled in this study.According to the age,the patients were divided into infancy(＜1 year old)205 cases,early childhood(1-＜3 years old)1009 cases,childhood(3-＜14 years old)1 946 cases,adolescence(14-＜18 years old)99 cases,youth(18-＜40 years old)554 cases,middle age(40-＜65 years old)329 cases and old age(≥65 years old)57 cases.A to-tal of 741 patients with food intolerance(469 males and 272 females)were enrolled in this study.According to the age,the patients were divided into 81 cases in infancy(＜1 year old),298 cases in early childhood(1-＜3 years old)and 362 cases in childhood(3-＜14 years old).Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the positive rates of IgE and IgG antibodies in serum of patients,and the positive rates of IgE and IgG antibodies in patients with different gender and age were compared.Results Egg white and cow's milk were the most sensitive foods in infants and young children.The positive rate of specific IgE antibody decreased gradually with the increase of age,and increased slightly in old age.The positive rate of specific IgE antibody in shrimp and crab increased first and then decreased with age,and it was higher in young and middle age.The tolerance of infants and children to meat and crustaceans was relatively strong,and the positive rate of food specific IgG to fish was higher than that to meat(P＜0.05).The positive rate of tomato-specific IgG was the highest in infancy and gradually decreased with age(P＜0.05).Conclusion With the increase of age and the change of dietary structure,the positive rate of food specific IgG antibody may change significantly.Clinicians should accurately grasp the epidemiological characteristics of food adverse reactions in this area,and adjust and optimize the diet structure of patients to make correct diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To explore the protective effect and related mechanism of Compound Baimai Powder(CBMP,a compound description of Mongolian medicine)on astrocytes after oxygen glu-cose deprivation and reoxygenation(OGD/R)injury.Methods Astrocyte model of OGD/R injury was subjected to simulate in vitro cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.Cultured astrocytes were randomly divided into normal group,OGD/R group,OGD/R+nimodipine group(10 μmol/L),OGD/R+low-and high-dose CBMP groups(25,50 μmol/L).Cell viability and apoptosis were de-tected with CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry,respectively.Western blotting was used to measure the expression levels of the proteins related to the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2(NRF2)/antioxidant response element and Janus kinase(J AK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)signaling pathways.ELISA was employed to examine the levels of inflam-matory factors IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α,as well as oxidative stress molecules ROS,GSH,MDA and SOD.Results Compared to the normal group,the OGD/R group showed significant decreases in cell viability,NRF2 protein level,and SOD and GSH activities(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and obvious increases in p-JAK and p-STAT proteins levels,contents of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α,and ROS and MDA levels(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).High-dose CBMP treatment resulted in notably elevated cell via-bility and NRF2 protein level,while reduced levels of p-JAK[(1.20±0.20)vs(2.50±0.26)]and p-STAT[(1.15±0.25)vs(2.10±0.21)]proteins,IL-6[(30.33±5.20)vs(180.35±18.50)]and TNF-α[(50.12±8.24)vs(160.45±15.20)]when compared to the OGD/R group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion CBMP exerts protective effect on astrocytes against OGD/R injury.

Loss of protein homeostasis is a hallmark of cellular senescence, and ribosome pausing plays a crucial role in the collapse of proteostasis. However, our understanding of ribosome pausing in senescent cells remains limited. In this study, we utilized ribosome profiling and G-quadruplex RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing techniques to explore the impact of RNA G-quadruplex (rG4) on the translation efficiency in senescent cells. Our results revealed a reduction in the translation efficiency of rG4-rich genes in senescent cells and demonstrated that rG4 structures within coding sequence can impede translation both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, we observed a significant increase in the abundance of rG4 structures in senescent cells, and the stabilization of the rG4 structures further exacerbated cellular senescence. Mechanistically, the RNA helicase DHX9 functions as a key regulator of rG4 abundance, and its reduced expression in senescent cells contributing to increased ribosome pausing. Additionally, we also observed an increased abundance of rG4, an imbalance in protein homeostasis, and reduced DHX9 expression in aged mice. In summary, our findings reveal a novel biological role for rG4 and DHX9 in the regulation of translation and proteostasis, which may have implications for delaying cellular senescence and the aging process.
G-Quadruplexes ; Cellular Senescence ; Ribosomes/genetics* ; Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; DEAD-box RNA Helicases/genetics* ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA/chemistry* ; Neoplasm Proteins

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever in Shenzhen City in 2024, so as to provide insights into formulation of the preventive and control measures for dengue fever. Methods The epidemiological data of dengue cases reported in Shenzhen City in 2024 were extracted from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System and field epidemiological survey data of dengue fever in Shenzhen City, and the temporal, regional and population distributions of dengue fever cases, source of acquire dengue virus infections, disease diagnosis and treatment and outbreaks were analyzed. The dengue virus nucleic acid was tested and the serotypes of dengue virus were characterized using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) assay, and the dengue virus gene was sequenced using next-generation sequencing (NGS). In addition, the surveillance on the density of Aedes albopictus was performed using Breteau index (BI) and mosquito oviposition index (MOI). Results A total of 1 735 dengue fever cases were reported in Shenzhen City in 2024, including 952 local cases and 783 imported cases. Most imported dengue fever cases acquired infections from eight cities of Foshan, Guangzhou, Zhongshan, Jiangmen, Dongguan, Zhaoqing, Huizhou, and Zhuhai in the Pearl River Delta region (664 cases, 84.8% of total imported cases) into Baoan, Longgang, and Nanshan districts. The epidemic exhibited an early onset and rapid progression, peaking during the period between September and November (1 632 cases, 94.1% of total cases), and dengue fever cases were distributed across 73 subdistricts in 10 districts, with most cases reported in densely populated central and western regions. The dengue fever cases had a male-to-female ratio of 1.9∶1.0, and a median age of 37 (21) years, with a higher median age among local cases than among imported cases [40 (20) years vs. 33(15) years; Z = -10.30, P < 0.05]. Housework, unemployment, workers, and business service were predominant occupations (1 405 cases, 81.0% of total cases), and there was a significant difference in the constituent ratio of occupations between local and imported cases (χ² = 92.30, P < 0.05). Among the 1 735 dengue fever cases, the median duration from onset to definitive diagnosis was 3.3 (2.9) days, and 1 686 cases (97.2%) were identified in healthcare facilities, with a low rate of hospitalization and isolation seen in 1 701 inpatients with available epidemiological data (485 cases, 28.5% of total inpatients). A total of 29 outbreaks of dengue fever occurred in Shenzhen City across 2024, which primarily in construction sites (27 outbreaks, 93.1% of total). Dengue virus type I was the dominant serotype causing dengue fever in Shenzhen City in 2024. Sequencing showed that the genomes of dengue virus from multiple dengue fever cases in Shenzhen City shared a high sequence homology with those from cities neighboring Shenzhen City, and there might be intra-city transmission of dengue virus among multiple construction sites in Shenzhen City. The Aedes albopictus density was significantly higher in Shenzhen City in 2024 than in 2023, peaking from May to September. The annual MOI values ranged from 0.9 to 14.0, and the BI values ranged from 0.6 to 6.0. Conclusions The overall epidemic of dengue fever was severe in Shenzhen City in 2024, which was greatly affected by case importation from neighboring cities, construction sites-centered local transmission, and the effectives of routine mosquito vector control was not satisfactory. Integrated dengue fever control measures should be implemented, focusing on regional joint prevention and control mechanisms, capacity building for mosquito vector control, addressing challenges in epidemic containment at construction sites, and strengthening case detection and management systems.

Objective:To investigate the effects of SS31 peptide on cognitive function and cortical oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease (AD) model mice.Methods:Eighteen SPF grade male 8-month-old APP/PS1 mice were randomly divided into model group and SS31 group according to the random number table method, with nine mice in each group. Additionally, nine C57BL/6J mice with matched weight were selected as the control group. The mice in SS31 group were intraperitoneally injected with SS31 peptide (3 mg/kg, 0.3 mg/mL), while the mice in model group and control group were intraperitoneally injected with an equal volume of 0.9% NaCl solution.The response ability and daily living ability of mice were evaluated by nest building test (NBT).The learning, memory and exploration abilities of mice were assessed by new object recognition (NOR) and Morris water maze test (MWM). ELISA was used to detect the levels of β -amyloid protein (Aβ) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cerebral cortex of mice, and immunofluorescence (IF) was used to detect the number of Aβ plaques.Flow cytometry was used to detect neuronal apoptosis rate, Nissl staining was used to detect neuronal damage, and transmission electron microscopy was used to observe neuronal and mitochondrial morphology. Statistical analysis was conducted by SPSS 25.0 software. One-way ANOVA or repeated measures ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis H test were used for multi-group comparison. Results:(1) The cognitive evaluation results showed that there were statistically significant differences in NBT latency, 15 hour nest building score, and NOR recognition index among the 3 groups of mice ( F=5.488, 6.750, 10.379, all P<0.05), as well as the platform crossing frequency( H=6.742, P<0.05).The time and group interaction of MWM escape latency in the 3 groups of mice were not significant( F=0.975, P=0.460), but the main effect of time and group were significant( F=14.011, 4.173, both P<0.05).The percentage of platform quadrant dwell time in the model group ((22.91 ± 5.16)%) was lower than that in the control group ((39.96±4.69)%) ( P<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference compared to the SS31 group ((25.18±3.04)%) ( P>0.05). (2) The ELISA results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the levels of Aβ40, Aβ42 and ROS in cerebral cortex of the 3 groups of mice ( F=12.634, 43.670, 7.143, all P<0.01).All the above indicators of cerebral cortex in the model group were higher than those in control group and SS31 group (all P<0.05). The IF results also confirmed that the numbers of Aβ40 and Aβ42 plaques in cerebral cortex of the model group were higher than those of the control group and SS31 group (all P<0.05). (3) The results of flow cytometry and Nissl staining showed that there were statistically significant differences in the apoptosis rate and injury rate of cortical neurons among the 3 groups of mice ( F=234.086, 43.800, both P<0.05), and the two indicators of cortical neurons in the model group were higher than those in control group and SS31 group (all P<0.05). The transmission electron microscopy results showed that compared with the control group, the structure and morphology of cortical neurons and mitochondria in the model group were abnormal, while the structure and morphology of the SS31 group were close to normal. Conclusion:SS31 peptide can improve cognitive function in AD model mice by inhibiting oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis in cerebral cortex.