Objective: To explore the association of vegetables and fruits intake with depressive symptoms among multi ethnic first year junior high school students in Yunnan Province, so as to provide data support for preventing and reducing depressive symptoms among first year junior high school students. Methods: From October to December 2022, a cluster random sampling method was used to select 8 500 first year junior high school students from 11 ethnic minority areas in Yunnan Province (Fugong County, Longling County, Longyang District, Luchun County, Mojiang County, Nanjian County, Qiaojia County, Shuangjiang County, Tengchong City, Yuanmou County, Zhenyuan County), to investigate with a questionnaire. The Dietary Frequency Questionnaire was used to collect dietary behavior datas, and the Chinese version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was used to assess depressive symptoms. The generalized linear model was used to analyze the association of vegetable and fruit intake with depressive symptoms in students, and stratified analysis was performed according to ethnicity. Results: The detection rate of depressive symptoms among first year junior high school students in Yunnan Province was 29.5%. The detection rates of depressive symptoms in Han and minority first year junior high school students were 26.9% and 31.6%. After controlling for demographic variables such as gender, age, family residence and other confounding factors, the generalized linear model analysis results showed that the intake of leafy vegetables ( β= -0.07 , 95%CI =-0.12 to -0.01), flat fruits ( β=-0.06, 95%CI =-0.12 to -0.00) and hot natured fruits ( β=0.11, 95%CI = 0.04- 0.17) were associated with depressive symptoms in Han first year junior high school students (all P <0.05). The intake of melon and fruit vegetables ( β=-0.06, 95%CI =-0.11 to -0.01) and hot natured fruits ( β=0.06, 95%CI =0.01-0.12) were associated with depressive symptoms in ethnic minority first year junior high school students (both P <0.05). Conclusions The intake of vegetables and fruits among multi ethnic first year junior high school students in Yunnan Province is related to the risk of depressive symptoms. It is suggested to strengthen the consumption guidance and education of vegetables and fruits to prevent depressive symptoms among first year junior high school students.

Objective To study the application of autologous natural killer(NK)cells in the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma and the changes of immune function and tumor markers in patients.Methods 61 patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma admitted to Gansu Wuwei Tumour Hospital from March 2023 to April 2024 were divided into targeting group(31 cases,given supportive treatment combined with sunitinib malate capsules)and cell group(30 cases,autologous NK cells combined with targeting group)according to the patient's willingness to treat combined with propensity score matching.6 weeks was a treatment cycle,and all patients were treated for 4 cycles.The clinical efficacy of the two groups after 4 cycles of treatment and the occurrence of adverse reactions during treatment were statistically analyzed.The levels of serum cytokines,tumor markers,lymphocyte function and immune function were compared between the two groups before and after 4 cycles of treatment.Results After 4 cycles of treatment,the objective remission rate and disease control rate in the cell group were higher than those in the targeting group(P<0.05).After 4 cycles of treatment,the levels of serum hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF),carcinoembryonic antigen,carbohydrate antigen 125,carbohydrate antigen 199 and alpha-fetoprotein in the two groups were lower than those before treatment,and those in the cell group were lower than those in the targeting group(P<0.012 5).After 4 cycles of treatment,the levels of serum interleukin-2,interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor-β,interferon-γ,peripheral blood CD3+,CD4+,NK cells and CD4+/CD8+in the two groups were higher than those before treatment.The levels of serum interleukin-2,tumor necrosis factor-β,interferon-γ,peripheral blood CD3+and NK cells in the cell group were higher than those in the targeting group(P<0.012 5).The level of CD8+in peripheral blood was lower than that before treatment(P<0.012 5),but there was no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.012 5).During the treatment,there was no significant difference in the incidence of diarrhea,nausea and vomiting,alopecia,liver function damage,decreased platelet level and decreased neutrophil level between the cell group and the targeting group(P>0.05).Conclusion The treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma with autologous NK cells could improve the level of serum cytokines,reduce the level of tumor markers,regulate the function of lymphocytes and immune function,and had a good therapeutic effect.At the same time,it would not increase the incidence of adverse reactions,and the safety was good.

Objective:To apply the Timed Up and Go Test(TUGT)to investigate the correlation between motor function, emotional state, cognitive function, and sleep quality among elderly individuals in the Chinese community.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 739 subjects aged 60 to 90 years, who were randomly recruited from December 2021 to August 2023 across Beijing, Tianjin, Zhejiang, Guangdong, and Hainan Provinces in China.Basic demographic information was collected, and the TUGT was utilized to assess motor function.Based on the TUGT time(t), the subjects were divided into three groups: normal motor function group, mild motor abnormality group, and significant motor abnormality group.Cognitive function was evaluated using the Chinese Revised Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE), while the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale(PHQ-9)was employed to measure the degree of depression.Additionally, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale(ESS)was used to assess excessive daytime sleepiness.The correlation between subjects' motor function and their cognitive abilities, mood, and sleep was subsequently analyzed.Results:Systolic blood pressure, heart rate, PHQ-9, MMSE, and ESS scores were identified as significant factors influencing TUGT time.Specifically, TUGT time was positively correlated with PHQ-9 and ESS scores, while exhibiting negative correlations with systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and MMSE scores.Additionally, TUGT time was negatively correlated with the MMSE subcomponents of orientation, immediate memory, and verbal ability.All observed differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis indicated that an increase in the PHQ-9 score was associated with an odds ratio( OR)of 1.099(95% CI: 1.045-1.155, P<0.001)(mild motor abnormality group)and 1.150(95% CI: 1.066-1.242, P<0.001)(Significant motor abnormality group).Additionally, a reduction in the MMSE score was observed, with an OR of 0.939(95% CI: 0.886-0.995, P<0.001)(mild motor abnormality group)and 0.793(95% CI: 0.729-0.862, P<0.001)(Significant motor abnormality group).Furthermore, an increase in the ESS score was noted, with ORs of 1.139(95% CI: 1.094-1.186, P<0.001)(mild motor abnormality group)and 1.203(95% CI: 1.132-1.279, P<0.001)(Significant motor abnormality group).These findings suggest that these variables are independently related to decreased motor function. Conclusions:Depression, cognitive impairment, and excessive daytime sleepiness are independent risk factors for motor dysfunction among elderly individuals in community settings.The Timed Up and Go Test TUGT can be utilized for the early screening of motor function decline in this population.

Objective:To analyze the hematological characteristics of patients with three common deletional β-thalassemias (β-thal) and concomitant α-thal in Huizhou, Guangdong province.Methods:A total of 1 335 subjects of childbearing age with hemoglobin F (Hb F) ≥5% at the Huizhou First Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital between June 2014 and December 2023 were enrolled as our study cohort. The hematological parameters were determined by blood cell counters and automatic capillary electrophoresis, while liquid phase chip and gap-PCR were employed for the detection of routine thalassemias and the three common deletional β-thal, respectively. The hematological characteristics of patients with the deletional β-thal were analyzed. This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Huizhou First Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital [Ethics No. 20231107(B2)].Results:① A total of 384 cases of the three common deletional β-thal were identified, including 184 cases of Chinese Gγ + ( Aγδβ) 0, 191 cases of Southeast Asian hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (SEA-HPFH), and nine cases of Taiwanese, for a total detection rate of 28.76%. ② Patients who did not meet the established criteria were excluded from the study, leaving 372 cases. All of which presented with hypochromic microcytic anemia and significantly elevated Hb F. Except for normal or decreasing of Hb A 2 levels in patients with Chinese Gγ + ( Aγδβ) 0, the levels of Hb A 2 in patients with the other two deletional β-thal were increased with different degrees. Differential comparison results showed that significant differences were observed in Hb A 2 and Hb F values among the groups of the three common deletional β-thal heterozygotes ( P<0.05). ③ According to the type of gene variation, 180 patients with Chinese Gγ + ( Aγδβ) 0 heterozygotes were divided into three groups, including αα/αα, Chinese Gγ + ( Aγδβ) 0/β N (149), -α/αα, Chinese Gγ + ( Aγδβ) 0/β N (14), and --/αα, Chinese Gγ + ( Aγδβ) 0/β N (17). Similarly, 179 patients with SEA-HPFH heterozygotes were divided into three groups, including αα/αα, SEA-HPFH/β N (150), -α/αα, SEA-HPFH/β N (12), and --/αα, SEA-HPFH/β N (17). Differential comparison results showed that the Hb F levels of the Chinese Gγ + ( Aγδβ) 0 combined with α 0-thal group were significantly lower than those of the Chinese Gγ + ( Aγδβ) 0 combined with α + -thal group and the control group ( P<0.05). The mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and Hb F values of the SEA-HPFH combined with α 0-thal group were significantly lower than those of the SEA-HPFH combined with α + -thal group and the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The above research results can not only enhance the ability of clinicians to identify deletional β-thal and concomitant α-thal, improve the level of genetic counseling, but also provide data support for the development of deletional β-thal prevention and control programme and the development of prenatal and postnatal care.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the hematological characteristics of patients with three common deletional β-thalassemia and concomitant α-thalassemia in Huizhou, Guangdong province. METHODS: A total of 1 335 subjects of childbearing age with hemoglobin F (Hb F) ≥ 5% at the Huizhou First Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital between June 2014 and December 2023 were enrolled as our study cohort. The hematological parameters were determined by blood cell counters and automatic capillary electrophoresis, while liquid phase chip and gap-PCR were employed for the detection of routine thalassemias and the three common deletional β-thalassemia, respectively. The hematological characteristics of patients with the deletional β-thalassemia were analyzed. This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Huizhou First Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital [Ethics No. 20231107(B2)]. RESULTS: A total of 384 cases of the three common deletional β-thalassemia were identified, including 184 cases of Chinese Gγ⁺(Aγδβ)⁰, 191 cases of Southeast Asian hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (SEA-HPFH), and nine cases of Chinese Taiwanese, for a total detection rate of 28.76%. Patients who did not meet the established criteria were excluded from the study, leaving 372 cases. All of which presented with hypochromic microcytic anemia and significantly elevated Hb F. Except for normal or decreasing of Hb A2 levels in patients with Chinese Gγ⁺(Aγδβ)⁰, the levels of Hb A2 in patients with the other two deletional β-thalassemia were increased with different degrees. Differential comparison results showed that significant differences were observed in Hb A2 and Hb F values among the groups of the three common deletional β-thalassemia heterozygotes (P < 0.05). According to the type of gene variation, 180 patients with Chinese Gγ⁺(Aγδβ)⁰ heterozygotes were divided into three groups, including αα/αα, Chinese Gγ⁺(Aγδβ)⁰/β^N (149), -α/αα, Chinese Gγ⁺(Aγδβ)⁰/β^N (14), and --/αα, Chinese Gγ⁺(Aγδβ)⁰/β^N (17). Similarly, 179 patients with SEA-HPFH heterozygotes were divided into three groups, including αα/αα, SEA-HPFH/β^N (150), -α/αα, SEA-HPFH/β^N (12), and --/αα, SEA-HPFH/β^N (17). Differential comparison results showed that the Hb F levels of the Chinese Gγ⁺(Aγδβ)⁰ combined with α⁰-thalassemia group were significantly lower than those of the Chinese Gγ⁺(Aγδβ)⁰ combined with α⁺-thalassemia group and the control group (P < 0.05). The mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and Hb F values of the SEA-HPFH combined with α⁰-thalassemia group were significantly lower than those of the SEA-HPFH combined with α⁺-thalassemia group and the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The above research results can not only enhance the ability of clinicians to identify deletional β-thalassemia and concomitant α-thal, improve the level of genetic counseling, but also provide data support for the development of deletional β-thalassemia prevention and control programme and the development of prenatal and postnatal care.
Humans ; beta-Thalassemia/complications* ; alpha-Thalassemia/complications* ; Female ; China ; Male ; Adult ; Fetal Hemoglobin/genetics* ; Adolescent ; Young Adult

Autism spectrum disorder(ASD),characterized by unknown etiology and high heterogeneity,ne-cessitates precise diagnostic and intervention strategies.Neuroimaging techniques have shown great promise in un-covering the neural mechanisms of ASD,providing a foundation for aided diagnosis and transcranial magnetic stim-ulation(TMS)interventions.This review highlights that integrating multimodal neuroimaging and developing indi-vidualized indices with developmental specificity can significantly improve the accuracy of ASD diagnosis and clas-sification.Furthermore,TMS interventions guided by functional connectivity derived from functional magnetic reso-nance imaging(fMRI)offer a personalized approach to ASD treatment.

BACKGROUND:Recent studies have found that Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway activators have the characteristics of low toxicity and control,and have a protective effect against radiation tissue damage.OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether nitrooleic acid can protect submandibular gland epithelial cells from radiation injury by regulating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway.METHODS:Rat submandibular gland epithelial cells were cultured in vitro and CCK-8 assay was used to screen the optimal concentration and time of nitrooleic acid administration.Submandibular gland epithelial cells were divided into non-radiation group,radiation control group,nitrooleic acid group,nitrooleic acid+ML385(Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway specific inhibitor)group,and ML385 group.Submandibular gland cells were pretreated with nitrooleic acid and ML385 for 24 hous according to the experimental groups,and then irradiated with 5 Gy radiation to establish the models.At 48 hours after irradiation,CCK-8 assay was used to detect the cell proliferation rate.Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of Nrf2,HO-1,and NQO1 mRNA in the cells.Real-time quantitative PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect the cell secretion function and the expression of inflammatory factors.DCFH-DA fluorescent probe kit was used to detect the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the radiation control group,the proliferation rate of submandibular gland epithelial cells and the expression levels of secretion function related factors aquaporin 5 and α-amylase in the nitrooleic acid group of rats increased(P＜0.05),and the expression levels of Nrf2,HO-1,and NQO1 mRNA increased(P＜0.05),while the expression levels of inflammatory factors interleukin-1β,interleukin-6,and tumor necrosis factor-αdecreased(P＜0.05),and reactive oxygen species generation reduced(P＜0.01).(2)Compared with the nitrooleic acid group,the addition of nitrooleic acid and ML385 group resulted in a decrease in cell proliferation rate and expression levels of secretion function related factors aquaporin 5 and α-amylase(P＜0.05),and mRNA expressions of Nrf2,HO-1,and NQO1 were all decreased(P＜0.05),while the expression levels of inflammatory factors interleukin-1β,interleukin-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α increased(P＜0.05),and generation of reactive oxygen species increased(P＜0.05).(3)Results indicated that in the radiation environment,nitrooleic acid has a certain protective effect on the proliferation ability and secretion function of rat submandibular gland epithelial cells,reduces the expression of inflammatory factors,lowers intracellular reactive oxygen species levels,and alleviates the damage of rat submandibular gland epithelial cells caused by radiation.This function may be related to the activation of Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway.

Objective:To explore the carrier rate and the genetic distribution characteristics of spinal muscular atrophy(SMA)pathogenic genes in Huizhou,and analyze the prenatal diagnosis results of fetuses from couples who are both carriers,in order to provide scientific reference for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis.Meth-ods:13472 peripheral blood samples were collected for the survival motor neuron gene 1(SMN1)testing at Huizhou First Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from August 2021 to October 2024.And prenatal diagnosis was conducted on high-risk pregnant couple who were both carriers of SMA pathogenic genes.Fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR)was used to detect the copy numbers of SMN1 exon 7 and 8(E7,E8),screen for SMA pathogenic gene carriers,and calculate the carrier rate.For samples identified as homozy-gous deletions and prenatal diagnosis samples,further validation of copy number variations in E7 and E8 of the SMN1 gene was performed using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification(MLPA)technology.Results:Among the 13472 screened individuals,268 carriers of the SMA pathogenic gene were detected,with a carrier rate of approximately 1/50(1.99％,268/13472).Among them,there were 251 cases of E7 and E8 heterozygous dele-tion,3 cases of E7 heterozygous deletion and E8 homozygous deletion,and 14 cases of pure E7 heterozygous de-letion;2 cases of E7 and E8 homozygous deletion were detected.One case had obvious motor developmental dis-orders in the child,and the other case had a normal phenotype in the pregnant woman.Among 20 couples who were both SMA carriers,17 pregnant women underwent prenatal diagnosis.The results showed that 4 cases were normal E7 and E8 types,7 cases were E7 and E8 heterozygous deletion types,all of whom continued to conceive.6 cases were E7 and E8 homozygous deletion type,namely SMA patients,and the pregnancy was terminated by pregnant women.Conclusions:This study reports the carrier rate of SMA pathogenic genes in the population of Huizhou for the first time,and the combined use of MLPA for prenatal diagnosis of high-risk couples can effective-ly prevent the birth of SMA children,which is of great significance for the prevention and control of SMA birth de-fects.

The European Society for Medical Oncology Asia Congress 2024 was held in Singapore from December 6 to 8,2024.The conference unveiled several groundbreaking studies in the field of hepatobiliary and pancreatic tumors,covering clinical applications related to neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies,translational treatments,later-line therapies,and tumor biomarkers.These studies provide new insights into the clinical diagnosis and treatment of hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancies and drive the development of related fields.This article focuses on the key topics in hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancies presented at the conference,aiming to interpret the latest advances in the field and explore the hot issues and future directions for development in this area.

The 2025 American Society of Clinical Oncology(ASCO)Annual Meeting was held in Chicago from May 30 to June 3,2025.As one of the largest and most influential academic events in global oncology,the ASCO meeting brought together numerous world-class oncology experts.It focused on the unmet clinical needs in gastrointestinal malignancies such as hepatocellular carcinoma,cholangiocarcinoma,and pancreatic cancer,and presented a wealth of cutting-edge research findings and therapeutic innovations.These advances provide important evidence-based support for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers.Based on the latest achievements presented at ASCO 2025,this article discusses the hot topics and future directions in the management of hepatobiliary and pancreatic tumors.