To analyze the distribution of serotypes and antimicrobial resistance of clinical Salmonella isolates from multiple centers across China.

Objective:To investigate the features and influencing factors of language in children with various types of speech disorders.Methods:A case-control study was carried out, 262 children with speech disorder had been diagnosed at the language-speech clinic of the Center of Children′s Healthcare, Children′s Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics from January 2021 to November 2023, the children with speech sound disorder as the speech sound disorder group, the children with developmental stuttering as the stuttering group. There were 100 typically-developed children who underwent physical checkups at the Center of Healthcare during the same period as the healthy group. All children experienced a standardized evaluation of language with diagnostic receptive and expressive assessment of mandarin‐comprehensive(DREAM-C) and questionnaire, One-way ANOVA and LSD test were conducted to compare the differences in overall language, receptive language, expressive language, semantics, and syntax scores among 3 groups of children. According to the results of DREAM-C, the children with speech disorder were divided into language normal group and language delay group. Chi‐square test and multivariate Logistic regression were implemented to analyze the association between the linguistic development of children with speech disorder and potential influential factors.Results:There were 145 children in the speech sound disorder group, including 110 males and 35 females respectively, with an age of (5.9±1.0) years; 117 children in the stuttering group, including 91 males and 26 females, with an age of (5.8±1.0) years; 100 children in the healthy group, including 75 males and 25 females, with an age of (5.7±1.2) years. The variations in overall language, expressive language, and syntax scores among 3 groups of children were statistically significant (92±18 vs.96±11 vs. 98±11, 81±18 vs. 84±14 vs. 88±13, 87±16 vs. 89±11 vs. 91±10, F=5.46, 4.69, 3.68, all P<0.05). Pairwise comparison revealed that the speech sound disorder group had lower scores in overall language, expressive language, and syntactic compared to the healthy group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.01) and the overall language score was lower than that of children with stuttering ( P<0.05). In terms of overall language and expressive language, there was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of language delay among the three groups of children (15.9% (23/145) vs. 20.5% (24/117) vs. 7.0% (7/100), 46.2% (67/145) vs. 39.3% (46/117) vs. 26.0% (26/100); χ2=7.93, 10.28; both P<0.05). In terms of overall language, the stuttering group took up the highest proportion. In terms of expressive language, the speech sound disorder group accounted for the highest amount. The incidence of language delay in children with speech disorder was 44.3% (116/262). Non-parent-child reading, daily screen time ≥1 hour and screen exposure before 1.5 years of age are risk factors for the development of language in children with speech disorder ( OR=1.87, 2.18, 2.01; 95% CI 1.07-3.27, 1.23-3.86, 1.17-3.45; all P<0.01). Negative family history are protective factors for the progress of language ability ( OR=0.37, 95% CI 0.17-0.81, P<0.05). Conclusions:Children with speech disorder tend to have easy access to language delay, especially in expressive language and syntax. The occurrence of language delay in children with speech disorder is tightly connected with factors such as the family medical history, parent-child reading, screen time, etc. Attention should be paid to the development of language in children who suffer from speech disorder.

Objective:To investigate the effect of sleep on physical performance and the correlation between sleep quality and physical performance in the elderly.Methods:In this prospective multicenter case-control study, 472 elderly people aged 60-80 years were recruited from three regions in China, Beijing, Tianjin, and Hainan Province.Basic information of study participants was collected through face-to-face interviews, and physical performance of study participants was assessed by the time up and go(TUG)test on site, with 106 cases(22.5%)in the normal physical performance group and 366 cases(77.5%)in the abnormal group.The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale(ESS)were applied to assess sleep quality of study subjects.Correlation analysis was performed to examine factors affecting subjects' physical performance.Results:Age, history of alcohol consumption, BMI, past medical history, the ESS score, daytime sleepiness, and some components of PSQI, such as sleep quality, sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleeping drugs and daytime dysfunction, were influencing factors of the TUG score.Two components of PSQI, sleep duration and habitual sleep efficiency, and the ESS score were positively correlated with physical performance.Logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors for decreased physical performance in the elderly included increased age( OR=1.125, 95% CI: 1.083-1.168, P<0.01), history of alcohol consumption( OR=0.482, 95% CI: 0.384-0.605, P<0.001), abnormally high body mass index( OR=1.663, 95% CI: 1.340-2.063, P<0.01), hyperlipemia( OR=0.156, 95% CI: 0.077-0.318, P<0.01), digestive system diseases( OR=0.154, 95% CI: 0.044-0.532, P<0.01), use of sleeping drugs( OR=0.415, 95% CI: 0.202-0.854, P<0.05), daytime sleepiness( OR=4.234, 95% CI: 2.800-6.403, P<0.01), a high habitual sleep efficiency score of PSQI( OR=1.425, 95% CI: 1.214-1.672, P<0.01)and a high sleep disturbances score in PSQI( OR=3.356, 95% CI: 2.337-4.819, P<0.01). Conclusions:The incidence of physical performance decline is high in the elderly.There is a correlation between physical performance and sleep quality.

Objective:To observe the effect of bacteroides fragilis BF839 intervention on learning, memory and social novelty of fragile X-mental retardation gene 1 ( Fmr1) knockout (KO) mice. Methods:Thirty three-week-old Fmr1 KO mice were randomly divided into Fmr1 KO group ( n=15) and Fmr1 KO+BF839 group ( n=15). Mice in the Fmr1 KO group freely drank autoclaved tap water everyday; mice in the Fmr1 KO+BF839 group drank BF839 bacterial liquid (10 mL/d) everyday;11 wild-type mice freely drank autoclaved tap water everyday were set as controls (WT group). After 4 weeks of intervention, Morris water maze test was used to observe the differences in escape latency and frequencies of crossing the original platform among mice in each group; Three-chamber Social Interaction Test was used to observe the differences in contact frequencies and contact durations with unfamiliar mice among mice in each group. Results:On the 4 th d of experiment, the escape latency of mice in the Fmr1 KO group ([46.06±10.29] s) was significantly longer than that in the WT group ([33.39±12.02] s, P<0.05); the escape latency of mice in the Fmr1 KO+BF839 group ([28.39±9.07] s) was significantly shorter than that in the Fmr1 KO group ( P<0.05); the escape latency of mice in the Fmr1 KO+BF839 group was slightly shorter than that in the WT group without significant difference ( P>0.05). The frequencies of crossing through the original platform of mice in Fmr1 KO group (0.00[0.00, 1.00] time) was slightly less than that in WT group (1.00 [0.00, 1.00] time) without significant difference ( P>0.05); that in the Fmr1 KO+BF839 group (1.50[1.00, 2.00] times) was significantly larger than that in the Fmr1 KO group and WT group ( P<0.05). The contact frequencies of the mice in the Fmr1 KO group with unfamiliar mice (5.50[0.50, 12.75] times) was less than that in the WT group (7.00[4.00, 17.00] times) without significant difference ( P>0.05); that in the Fmr1 KO+BF839 group (23.00[16.00, 36.00] times) was significantly increased as compared with that in the Fmr1 KO group and WT group ( P<0.05). The contact duration of mice in the Fmr1 KO group with unfamiliar mice (9.50[0.50, 41.95] s) was significantly shorter than that in the WT group (142.00[65.00, 171.60] s, P<0.05); Fmr1 KO+BF839 group had significantly longer contact duration with unfamiliar mice (69.60 [50.40, 98.40] s) than Fmr1 KO group ( P<0.05); the contact duration of mice in Fmr1 KO+BF839 group with unfamiliar mice was shorter than that in WT group without significant difference ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Early BF839 intervention can significantly improve the learning, memory abilities and social novelty of Fmr1 KO mice, and even restore the Fmr1 KO mice to normal levels, which suggests that BF839 may become a new tool for treatment of fragile X syndrome and autism.

cFos is one of the most widely-studied genes in the field of neuroscience. Currently, there is no systematic database focusing on cFos in neuroscience. We developed a curated database-cFos-ANAB-a cFos-based web tool for exploring activated neurons and associated behaviors in rats and mice, comprising 398 brain nuclei and sub-nuclei, and five associated behaviors: pain, fear, feeding, aggression, and sexual behavior. Direct relationships among behaviors and nuclei (even cell types) under specific stimulating conditions were constructed based on cFos expression profiles extracted from original publications. Moreover, overlapping nuclei and sub-nuclei with potentially complex functions among different associated behaviors were emphasized, leading to results serving as important clues to the development of valid hypotheses for exploring as yet unknown circuits. Using the analysis function of cFos-ANAB, multi-layered pictures of networks and their relationships can quickly be explored depending on users' purposes. These features provide a useful tool and good reference for early exploration in neuroscience. The cFos-ANAB database is available at www.cfos-db.net .
Animals ; Fear ; Mice ; Neurons ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; Rats

Objective:To analyze the effects of different blood sampling methods on the incidence of iatrogenic blood loss, anemia, transfusion, and complications in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI) during hospitalization.Method:A retrospective analysis was performed on VLBWIs (birth weight <1 500 g) admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the Second Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Hubei province, from January 2014 to December 2018. According to the first blood sampling method, these infants were subjected to the umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood groups. Blood sampling, transfusion, complications, and outcomes were compared between the two groups. Independent samples t-test, rank-sum test, and Chi-square (or Fisher's exact) test were used for statistical analysis. Results:(1) Totally 240 neonates enrolled, including 104 cases in the umbilical cord blood group and 136 in the peripheral blood group. There was no statistical significance in the general information and blood test results for the first time between the two groups. (2)The blood volume collected in the first week in the umbilical cord blood group was lower than that in the peripheral blood group [6.5 ml (1-23 ml) and 10 ml (1-30 ml), Z=－4.706, P<0.01]. Differences between the two groups in the blood volume at 2-9 weeks were insignificant (all P>0.05). The number of blood collection procedures in each of the first four weeks after birth in the umbilical cord blood group was less than that in the peripheral blood group ( Z value was－9.124,－2.272,－4.688, and－2.017, respectively, all P<0.05), but no statistical difference was found at the fifth week ( P>0.05). The time of the first red blood cell transfusion (RBCT) in the umbilical cord blood group was later than that in the peripheral blood group [4 weeks (1-7 weeks) vs 3 weeks (1-5 weeks), Z=－2.839, P<0.05]. The proportion of infants who have received RBCT twice or more times in the umbilical cord blood group was lower than that in the peripheral blood group [39.7% (25/63) vs 56.8% (50/88), χ2=4.312, P<0.05]. The rate of RBCT during the first three weeks in the umbilical cord blood group was lower than that in the peripheral blood group [34.9% (22/63) vs 59.1% (52/88), χ2=8.583, P<0.05]. There were no significant differences in the volume of RBCT per time, adverse reactions after transfusion, and the erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit before and after the first RBCT between the two groups. (3) The incidence of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, and intraventricular hemorrhage (grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ) and their outcomes were similar between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion:Blood sampling methods show no significant effect on the total incidence of anemia and RBCT in VLBWIs during hospitalization. Umbilical cord blood sampling may delay the first RBCT time of VLBWIs and reduce the rate of RBCT in the first three weeks, but do not affect the incidence of complications.

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of pneumoconiosis through analyzing the data of pneumoconiosis cases in Liuzhou from 2006 to 2018, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of pneumoconiosis in Liuzhou. Methods The information of pneumoconiosis cases in Liuzhou was collected through the ^“health hazard factors monitoring information system^”, a subsystem of China's disease prevention and control system, and the epidemiological characteristics of pneumoconiosis were statistically analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results A total of 160 cases of pneumoconiosis was collected, mainly stage I silicosis, accounting for 70.0% of total cases (n=112). Most of the cases were from the metal smelting and rolling industry, accounting for 82.5% of total cases (n=132). The occupation of patients was mainly smelting and auxiliary work, sintering, and mining, accounting for 23.13% (n=37), 27.50% (n=44) and 18.13% (n=29) of the total number of pneumoconiosis cases, respectively. Among them, 83.75% (n=134) were from large-scale enterprises. Most of the pneumoconiosis cases had 15 to 35 years of dust exposure, with an average dust exposure of 23.78±10.36 years. The age of onset was mainly concentrated in 45 to 60 years old, and the average age of onset was 55.61±10.28 years. Conclusion The cases of pneumoconiosis in Liuzhou existed in sporadic form in recent years, and the cases were mainly concentrated in large metal smelting enterprises, with smelting and auxiliary workers and sintering workers being the most serious. It is necessary to strengthen the occupational health management of large metal smelting enterprises to effectively prevent and control the occurrence of pneumoconiosis.

cFos is one of the most widely-studied genes in the field of neuroscience. Currently, there is no systematic database focusing on cFos in neuroscience. We developed a curated database—cFos-ANAB—a cFos-based web tool for exploring activated neurons and associated behaviors in rats and mice, comprising 398 brain nuclei and sub-nuclei, and five associated behaviors: pain, fear, feeding, aggression, and sexual behavior. Direct relationships among behaviors and nuclei (even cell types) under specific stimulating conditions were constructed based on cFos expression profiles extracted from original publications. Moreover, overlapping nuclei and sub-nuclei with potentially complex functions among different associated behaviors were emphasized, leading to results serving as important clues to the development of valid hypotheses for exploring as yet unknown circuits. Using the analysis function of cFos-ANAB, multi-layered pictures of networks and their relationships can quickly be explored depending on users’ purposes. These features provide a useful tool and good reference for early exploration in neuroscience. The cFos-ANAB database is available at www.cfos-db.net.

Objective: To investigate the clinical value of the serum new molecular markers, soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1(sTREM-1)and soluble hemoglobin scavenger receptor(sCD163), in the diagnosis of sepsis in elderly patients with burns. Methods: A total of 58 inpatients with burns from Jun 2017 to June 2018 were enrolled in the study.Patients were divided into three groups: the sepsis group(n=12), the localized infection group(n=21)and the non-infection group(n=29). The levels of sTREM-1 and sCD163 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISAs). The clinical diagnostic value of sTREM-1 and sCD163 was assessed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the levels of sTREM-1 and sCD163 at day 1 between the three groups(F=20.994 and 38.363, P<0.01). Serum levels of sTREM-1 and sCD163 were higher in the sepsis group than in the localized infection group and the non-infection group.Serum levels of sTREM-1 and sCD163 were higher in the localized infection group than in the non-infection group.Serum levels of sTREM-1 and sCD163 were lower at day 7 than those at day 1 in all groups(F=21.242 and 41.035, P<0.01). Serum sTREM-1 levels were positively correlated with serum sCD163 levels(r=0.609, P=0.000). The AUC of sTREM-1 and sCD163 for the diagnosis of sepsis was 0.880(95%CI: 0.816~0.926). Conclusions Serum levels of sTREM-1 and sCD163 are elevated with increasing degrees of infection.Monitoring serum sTREM-1 and sCD163 levels is helpful for the diagnosis of sepsis in elderly patients with burns.