Objective:To explore and analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of language development in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods:A case-control study was used, from May 2021 to August 2023, patients diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were enrolled in the mental health clinic of the Children′s Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Institute of Pediatrics. The language ability of 272 children with ADHD and 117 healthy children who underwent physical examination in children′s health center during the same period were tested by Diagnostic Receptive and Expressive Assessment of Mandarin-Comprehensive (DREAM-C), and the development levels of total language, receptive, expressive, semantics and syntax of the two groups were compared by independent sample t-test. The influential factors of language lag in children with ADHD were analyzed by univariate χ2 analysis and multiple logistic regression. Results:There were 272 children with ADHD, including 206 males and 66 females, with an age range of 6-8 (7.29±1.17) years. While in the control group, there were 117 healthy children, including 91 males and 26 females, with an age range of 6-8 (7.02±0.82) years. The average scores of total language, expressive and syntax of ADHD children were lower than those of healthy children [(92.73±12.47/96.36±11.04), t=-2.857, P<0.05; (84.49±13.24/87.78±15.25), t=-2.029, P<0.05; (87.93±10.26/90.27±11.05), t=2.022, P<0.05]. Univariate χ2 analysis showed that disharmonious family relationship ( χ2=4.183, P<0.05), the main caregivers were non-parents ( χ2=9.121, P<0.05), early screen exposure ( χ2=3.889, P<0.05), ADHD family history ( χ2=5.423, P<0.05) were influential factors of language development lag in ADHD children. The results of multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that cesarean section ( OR=2.137, 95% CI: 1.078-4.379, P=0.030), disharmonious family relationship ( OR=2.659, 95% CI: 1.178-5.999, P=0.019), early screen exposure ( OR=3.556, 95% CI: 1.127-11.213, P=0.030), ADHD family history ( OR=1.959, 95% CI: 1.058-3.630, P=0.033) were risk factors for comorbidities of language development in children with ADHD. Conclusion:The total language ability, expressive and syntax scores of ADHD children lag behind those of healthy children. The delayed language development of ADHD children is related to delivery mode, family relationship, the main caregivers, early screen exposure, family history of ADHD.

Objective:To investigate the features and influencing factors of language in children with various types of speech disorders.Methods:A case-control study was carried out, 262 children with speech disorder had been diagnosed at the language-speech clinic of the Center of Children′s Healthcare, Children′s Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics from January 2021 to November 2023, the children with speech sound disorder as the speech sound disorder group, the children with developmental stuttering as the stuttering group. There were 100 typically-developed children who underwent physical checkups at the Center of Healthcare during the same period as the healthy group. All children experienced a standardized evaluation of language with diagnostic receptive and expressive assessment of mandarin‐comprehensive(DREAM-C) and questionnaire, One-way ANOVA and LSD test were conducted to compare the differences in overall language, receptive language, expressive language, semantics, and syntax scores among 3 groups of children. According to the results of DREAM-C, the children with speech disorder were divided into language normal group and language delay group. Chi‐square test and multivariate Logistic regression were implemented to analyze the association between the linguistic development of children with speech disorder and potential influential factors.Results:There were 145 children in the speech sound disorder group, including 110 males and 35 females respectively, with an age of (5.9±1.0) years; 117 children in the stuttering group, including 91 males and 26 females, with an age of (5.8±1.0) years; 100 children in the healthy group, including 75 males and 25 females, with an age of (5.7±1.2) years. The variations in overall language, expressive language, and syntax scores among 3 groups of children were statistically significant (92±18 vs.96±11 vs. 98±11, 81±18 vs. 84±14 vs. 88±13, 87±16 vs. 89±11 vs. 91±10, F=5.46, 4.69, 3.68, all P<0.05). Pairwise comparison revealed that the speech sound disorder group had lower scores in overall language, expressive language, and syntactic compared to the healthy group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.01) and the overall language score was lower than that of children with stuttering ( P<0.05). In terms of overall language and expressive language, there was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of language delay among the three groups of children (15.9% (23/145) vs. 20.5% (24/117) vs. 7.0% (7/100), 46.2% (67/145) vs. 39.3% (46/117) vs. 26.0% (26/100); χ2=7.93, 10.28; both P<0.05). In terms of overall language, the stuttering group took up the highest proportion. In terms of expressive language, the speech sound disorder group accounted for the highest amount. The incidence of language delay in children with speech disorder was 44.3% (116/262). Non-parent-child reading, daily screen time ≥1 hour and screen exposure before 1.5 years of age are risk factors for the development of language in children with speech disorder ( OR=1.87, 2.18, 2.01; 95% CI 1.07-3.27, 1.23-3.86, 1.17-3.45; all P<0.01). Negative family history are protective factors for the progress of language ability ( OR=0.37, 95% CI 0.17-0.81, P<0.05). Conclusions:Children with speech disorder tend to have easy access to language delay, especially in expressive language and syntax. The occurrence of language delay in children with speech disorder is tightly connected with factors such as the family medical history, parent-child reading, screen time, etc. Attention should be paid to the development of language in children who suffer from speech disorder.

Objective:To explore and analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of language development in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods:A case-control study was used, from May 2021 to August 2023, patients diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were enrolled in the mental health clinic of the Children′s Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Institute of Pediatrics. The language ability of 272 children with ADHD and 117 healthy children who underwent physical examination in children′s health center during the same period were tested by Diagnostic Receptive and Expressive Assessment of Mandarin-Comprehensive (DREAM-C), and the development levels of total language, receptive, expressive, semantics and syntax of the two groups were compared by independent sample t-test. The influential factors of language lag in children with ADHD were analyzed by univariate χ2 analysis and multiple logistic regression. Results:There were 272 children with ADHD, including 206 males and 66 females, with an age range of 6-8 (7.29±1.17) years. While in the control group, there were 117 healthy children, including 91 males and 26 females, with an age range of 6-8 (7.02±0.82) years. The average scores of total language, expressive and syntax of ADHD children were lower than those of healthy children [(92.73±12.47/96.36±11.04), t=-2.857, P<0.05; (84.49±13.24/87.78±15.25), t=-2.029, P<0.05; (87.93±10.26/90.27±11.05), t=2.022, P<0.05]. Univariate χ2 analysis showed that disharmonious family relationship ( χ2=4.183, P<0.05), the main caregivers were non-parents ( χ2=9.121, P<0.05), early screen exposure ( χ2=3.889, P<0.05), ADHD family history ( χ2=5.423, P<0.05) were influential factors of language development lag in ADHD children. The results of multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that cesarean section ( OR=2.137, 95% CI: 1.078-4.379, P=0.030), disharmonious family relationship ( OR=2.659, 95% CI: 1.178-5.999, P=0.019), early screen exposure ( OR=3.556, 95% CI: 1.127-11.213, P=0.030), ADHD family history ( OR=1.959, 95% CI: 1.058-3.630, P=0.033) were risk factors for comorbidities of language development in children with ADHD. Conclusion:The total language ability, expressive and syntax scores of ADHD children lag behind those of healthy children. The delayed language development of ADHD children is related to delivery mode, family relationship, the main caregivers, early screen exposure, family history of ADHD.

Objective:To explore the diagnosis, surgical methods and therapeutic effect of primary duodenal malignant tumor.Methods:The clinical data of 116 patients with primary duodenal malignant tumor from January 2010 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Among 116 patients, adenocarcinoma was in 74 cases, interstitial tumor was in 25 cases, carcinoid was in 9 cases, the others was in 8 cases. Before operation, duodenoscopy was performed in 107 cases, and CT examination was performed in 76 cases. There were 57 cases of pancreaticoduodenectomy, 15 cases of duodenal segmental resection, 13 cases of subtotal gastrectomy and duodenal bulbar resection, 13 cases of duodenal partial resection, and 18 cases of palliative short circuit operation. The total incidence of postoperative complication was 31.9% (37/116), including pancreatic fistula in 8 cases (grade B 5 cases, grade C 3 cases), biliary fistula in 6 cases, abdominal infection in 5 cases, pulmonary infection in 4 cases, intestinal fistula in 3 cases, delayed gastric emptying in 3 cases, and hemorrhage in 8 cases. Four cases (3.4%) died during the perioperative period. Single factor Cox regression analysis result showed that the postoperative survival time was related to the tumor differentiation degree, operation method, tumor infiltration degree and lymphatic metastasis ( P<0.05 or <0.01); multi-factor Cox regression analysis results showed that the operation method, tumor infiltration degree and lymphatic metastasis were the independent risk factors for the postoperative survival time of patients with primary duodenal malignant tumor ( P<0.05). The patients were followed up until June 2021, and 9 cases were lost to follow-up. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis result showed that the postoperative overall 1-,3- and 5-year survival rates were 82.11%, 57.56% and 33.11%, respectively. Conclusions:Adenocarcinoma is the main primary malignant tumor of duodenum. Duodenoscopy and CT are the main examination methods. Radical resection is the most effective treatment for primary duodenal malignant tumor, and pancreaticoduodenectomy is the first choice. Surgical method, tumor infiltration degree and lymphatic metastasis are the independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients.

Objective:To explore the relationship between self-rated health status and risk of stroke in Chinese adults.Methods:Data was collected from the Chronic Disease Risk Factor Surveillance in China (2010) as baseline. A total of 60 follow-up monitors (25 urban and 35 rural) in 11 provinces were selected. A total of 36 195 participants without prior cardiovascular diseases were followed and investigated 27 441 people in 2016 and 2017. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the self-assessed health status and stroke onset hazard ratio ( HR), further conducted several subgroup analyses by demographic characteristics such as age and gender, and sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding death and baseline diabetes. Results:A total of 26 699 study subjects were included according to the inclusion criteria. We identified 1 332 stroke cases (32 subarachnoid hemorrhage, 197 cerebral hemorrhage, and 1 149 cerebral infarction) during an average of 6.4 years (171 431.1 person-years) of follow-up, and the incidence density was 7.77/1 000 person-years. After adjusting the related factors, the risk of stroke in participants with poor self-related health increased by 68% ( HR=1.68, 95% CI:1.22-2.32) and the risk of ischemic stroke increased by 47% ( HR=1.47, 95% CI:1.05-2.05), with a reference of excellent ones. In subgroup analysis, only age and BMI had an effect-modifying effect on the association between self-rated health and risk of stroke. Only age and dyslipidemia had an effect-modifying effect on the association between self-rated health and ischemic stroke risk (interaction P<0.05). The results of the sensitivity analysis were consistent with the results of the total population. Conclusion:People with poor self-assessed health, especially for those who were overweight/obesity with poor self-assessed health or age less than 60 or dyslipidemia are at increased risk of stroke and ischemic stroke and should be targeted for intervention.

Objective:To study the dynamic evaluation value of transcranial Doppler (TCD) in cerebral circulation and brain function of sepsis patients and its predictive value of the prognosis.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 98 sepsis patients admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to June 2018 who were divided into the survival group (56 cases) and death group (42 cases) according to the 28-day prognosis. The general clinical data of the patients, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II), delirium assessment scale (CAM-ICU), and TCD parameters PSV, Vm, EDV, PI, RI on the first day and the third day of admission were collected, and the differences of TCD parameters at different time points were analyzed between the two groups, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated and evaluating their predictive value of sepsis outcome was evaluated.Results:APACHE Ⅱscore and the number of patients with sepsis encephalopathy were significantly higher in the death group than those in the survival group ( P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in PSV, Vm and EDV between the two groups on the first day and the third day. The PI and RI of the survival group were significantly lower than those of the death group ( P<0.01). In the survival group, PI and RI on the third day decreased significantly compared with those on the first day ( P < 0.05), while in the death group, PI and RI on the first day and the third day did not change significantly. ROC survival curves showed that Day1PI, Day3PI, Day1PI - Day3PI, Day1RI, Day3RI, Day1RI - Day3RI and APACHEⅡ predicted AUC of the prognosis of sepsis patients were 0.657, 0.835, 0.730, 0.707, 0.826, 0.705, and 0.815 ( P < 0.01). When PI cutoff value on the third day became 1.02, the sensitivity was 85.7% and the specificity was 61.3%. When RI cutoff value on the third day became 0.62, the sensitivity was 78.6% and the specificity was 71.4%. Conclusions:TCD parameters, PI and RI, are of certain value in the dynamic evaluation of cerebral circulation and brain function in sepsis patients. PI and RI on the first day and the third day and the differences between them are all valuable in predicting the prognosis, and PI and RI on the third day have greater predictive value.

Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) is one of the metabolites of arachidonic acid, and it is an endogenous anti-inflammatory factor that can alleviate the inflammatory reaction through various pathways. Inflammatory response plays an important role in the process of cerebral ischemia. LXA4 can play a protective role on nerve cells by regulating proinflammatory cytokines, protecting blood-brain barrier, inhibiting activation and infiltration of leukocyte, alleviating local microcirculation inflammatory response, regulating inflammatory mediators such as leukotrienes and inflammasome, regulating the metabolism of inflammatory related enzymes, and alleviating oxidative stress injury. This article reviews the anti-inflammatory effects of LXA4 in cerebral ischemia.

Objective:To investigate the changes of serum heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) level and its correlation with clinical characteristics in patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI) before and after successful recanalization.Methods:Twenty-nine ACI patients accepted mechanical thrombectomy and enjoyed successful vascular recanalization (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) grading≥2B) in our hospital from November 2018 to September 2019 were enrolled as observation group; 22 patients suspected for carotid artery stenosis or cerebral aneurysm underwent DSA (DSA ruled out the intracranial and carotid artery lesions) were chosen as control group. The level of HO-1 was measured by ELISA before and one, three and 7 d after surgery in the observation group, and before and after DSA in the control group. Besides, the correlation of HO-1 expression level with clinical characteristics of patients in the observation group was analyzed.Results:(1) As compared with the control group before DSA, the serum HO-1 level in the observation group before surgery was significantly higher ( P<0.05); and the serum HO-1 level in the observation group 7 d after surgery was significantly higher than that before and one d after surgery ( P<0.05). (2) Preoperative serum HO-1 level in patients with preoperative scores of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI)-Alberta stroke program early CT (ASPECT)≤7 was significantly higher than that in patients with DWI-ASPECT scores>7 from the observation group ( P<0.05). Preoperative serum HO-1 level in patients with baseline National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) score≤12 was significantly lower than that in patients with NIHSS scores>12 from the observation group ( P<0.05). The preoperative serum HO-1 level was negatively correlated with DWI-ASPECTS scores ( r=-0.560, P=0.002) and positively correlated with baseline NIHSS scores ( r=0.685, P=0.001). (3) There was no difference in serum HO-1 level between mTICI grading 2B patients and mTICI grading 3 patients from the observation group ( P>0.05); but for patients with mTICI grading 3, the serum HO-1 level 7 d after surgery was significantly higher than that one d after surgery ( P<0.05). (4) The serum HO-1 level in patients with hemorrhagic transformation 3 and 7 d after surgery was significantly higher than that in patients without hemorrhagic transformation from the observation group ( P<0.05); the serum HO-1 level in patients with hemorrhagic transformation 7 d after surgery was significantly higher than that one d after surgery ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The serum HO-1 level is increased in patients with ACI, and it will further increase after successful recanalization; the serum HO-1 level is related with early infarction degree and neurological deficit degree before surgery, recanalization level and hemorrhagic transformation after surgery.

Objective:To explore the relationship between sedentary time and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in adults in China.Methods:Data collected from the Chinese Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance (CCDRFS) in 2010 were used as baseline data. Eight provinces where CCDRFS were conducted in 2010 were selected, and two surveillance spots (one in urban area and another one in rural area) of each provinces were further selected for the follow-up studies. After excluding diagnosed diabetes patients according to baseline data, a total of 8 625 of subjects were recruited as participants. In the follow up carried out from 2016 to 2017, a total of 5 991 people received complete follow up. Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the relationship between sedentary time and the incidence of type 2 diabetes, and subgroup analysis was conducted based on variables such as gender, geographic area, and urban area or rural areas.Results:A total of 5 782 subjects were included in final analysis. During an average 6.4 years of follow up (36 927.0 person-years), 592 participants developed type 2 diabetes, the incidence rate was 16.0 per 1 000 person years. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that after adjustment for possible confounders, compared with the 0.0-h/d group, the risk of diabetes incidence increased by 33% ( HR=1.33, 95 %CI: 1.05-1.68) for those who had sedentary time for more than 6.0 h every day. The subgroup analysis showed that the significant association was only observed in those who were men, current smokers, central obese, had family history of diabetes, had rural residency, and lived in eastern and central areas of China. Conclusions:Longer sedentary time can increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. Lifestyle intervention should be strengthened to reduce sedentary time, especially for people who had sedentary time for more than 6.0 h every day.

Objective To analyze the patients′ psychological resilience level of postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction and to explore the influencing factors, in order to provide the scientific basis for patients′psychological intervention. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 208 patients of postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction by using the Connor-Davidson Resilience scale(CD-RISC), Positive and Negative Affective scales(PANAS) and Medical Coping Modes questionnaire(MCMQ, which includes "confrontation","acceptance-resignation"and"avoidance"). Results The score of psychological resilience of 208 patients was (53.64 ± 12.29)points, differences in age, family monthly income, living locations, delivery methods and delivery times reached a statistically significant level(F=15.287,5.731,t=-2.571,-15.911,-2.922,all P<0.05). Patients′psychological resilience level had significant positive correlation with positive emotions(P<0.01)and"confrontation",and it had negative correlation with"acceptance-resignation"(P<0.01).Age,living locations, delivery methods, positive emotions and "acceptance- resignation" are the forecast factors of psychological resilience, which can explain 69.6% of total variation. Conclusions Patients of postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction have low levels of psychological resilience, which associated with positive emotions and medical coping modes. Therefore, nursing staffs should pay attentions to the patients′ psychological status, develop individualized psychological guidelines,implement psychological intervention and health education,in order to improve the level of patients′resilience and improve their living quality.