Recent years have witnessed significant advances in the development of novel techniques and methodologies for identifying active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), substantially advancing research and development efforts. Spectrum-effect correlation analysis, affinity ultrafiltration, high-content screening (HCS) imaging, and cell membrane chromatography (CMC) have emerged as essential tools, effectively linking TCM chemical constituents to their biological effects, thereby enabling efficient active ingredient screening. Additionally, molecular interaction analysis provides deeper insights into TCM-biomolecule interaction mechanisms, enhancing understanding of its therapeutic potential. Computer-aided techniques facilitate TCM active ingredient identification, optimizing the screening process for efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Molecular probe technology, as an emerging methodology, enables precise and rapid screening for novel therapeutic drug discovery. Ongoing technological advancement in this field indicates promising future developments, potentially leading to more effective and targeted TCM-based therapies.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods* ; Humans ; Drug Discovery/methods* ; Animals

Objective To investigate the characteristics of peripheral blood in the treatment of aplastic anemia(AA)with Bushen Shengxue Method and Yiqi Yangxue Method combined with Western medicine.Methods Totally 492 AA patients who were treated in 19 centers including Xiyuan Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from September 2018 to March 2021 were selected,and were randomized into three groups:161 cases in the Bushen Shengxue group,164 cases in the Yiqi Yangxue group,and 167 cases in the control group.All three groups were orally administered cyclosporine and androgens.Bushen Shengxue group was given Bushen Shengxue Granules,Yiqi Yangxue group was given Yiqi Yangxue Granules,and the control group was given placebo(half dosage of Bushen Shengxue granules).The general data,overall efficacy,and peripheral blood at the 1st month,the 4th month,and 6th month after treatment were analyzed.Results The total effective rate of Bushen Shengxue group was 98.8％(159/161),which was significantly higher than that of Yiqi Yangxue group(79.9％)and the control group(61.7％),with statistical significance(P＜0.001);The total effective rate of Yiqi Yangxue group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P＜0.001).Compared with before treatment,the hemoglobin(HGB)levels of all three groups of patients significantly increased after treatment(P＜0.001,P＜0.01),and the platelet levels of Bushen Shengxue group and the control group significantly increased after treatment(P＜0.001);after treatment,the HGB levels in the three groups were ranked from high to low as the Bushen Shengxue group,Yiqi Yangxue group and the control group(P＜0.01).25％of patients had HGB levels exceeding 20％of baseline values,Bushen Shengxue group took 1 month,while Yiqi Yangxue group and control group took 4 months;25％of patients had an increase in HGB levels exceeding 50％of the baseline value,Bushen Shengxue group took 6 months,while Yiqi Yangxue group and control group took more than 6 months.At 6 months,the number of patients with HGB elevation exceeding 20％and 50％of baseline values in Bushen Shengxue group was higher than that in Yiqi Yangxue group and the control group(P＜0.05,P＜0.001).25％of patients had white blood cell elevation exceeding 50％of the baseline value,Bushen Shengxue group took 4 months,Yiqi Yangxue group took 6 months,and the control group took more than 6 months.25％of patients showed an increase in platelet levels exceeding 100％of the baseline value,Bushen Shengxue group took 4 months,while Yiqi Yangxue group and control group took 6 months;at 6 months,the number of patients in Bushen Shengxue group and Yiqi Yangxue group with platelet elevation exceeding 20％of the baseline value was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).Conclusion Bushen Shengxue method combined with Western medicine intreating AA is better than the method of Yiqi Yangxue method combined with Western medicine.In terms of improving HGB,it is reflected in shortening the recovery time and increasing the number of beneficiaries,and the dosage can affect the recovery time and the number of beneficiaries at the same time;in terms of improving white blood cell and platelet,it is reflected in shortening the recovery time,and the dosage can affect the recovery time.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinically isolated Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis in hospitals across China from 2015 to 2021,and provide evidence for rational use of antimicrobial agents.Methods Data of H.influenzae and M.catarrhalis strains isolated from 2015 to 2021 in CHINET program were collected for analysis,and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion method or automated systems according to the uniform protocol of CHINET.The results were interpreted according to the CLSI breakpoints in 2022.Beta-lactamases was detected by using nitrocefin disk.Results From 2015 to 2021,a total of 43 642 strains of Haemophilus species were isolated,accounting for 2.91％of the total clinical isolates and 4.07％of Gram-negative bacteria in CHINET program.Among the 40 437 strains of H.influenzae,66.89％were isolated from children and 33.11％were isolated from adults.More than 90％of the H.influenzae strains were isolated from respiratory tract specimens.The prevalence of β-lactamase was 53.79％in H.influenzae strains.The H.influenzae strains isolated from children showed higher resistance rate than the strains isolated from adults.Overall,779 strains of H.influenzae did not produce β-lactamase but were resistant to ampicillin(BLNAR).Beta-lactamase-producing strains showed significantly higher resistance rates to these antimicrobial agents than the β-lactamase-nonproducing strains.Of the 16 191 M.catarrhalis strains,80.06％were isolated from children and 19.94％isolated from adults.M.catarrhalis strains were mostly susceptible to both amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cefuroxime,evidenced by resistance rate lower than 2.0％.Conclusions The emergence of antibiotic-resistant H.influenzae due to β-lactamase production poses a challenge for clinical anti-infective treatment.Therefore,it is very important to implement antibiotic resistance surveillance for H.influenzae and guide rational antibiotic use.All local clinical microbiology laboratories should actively improve antibiotic susceptibility testing and strengthen antibiotic resistance surveillance for H.influenzae.

Department of Kidney Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University reported a case of vasoplegic syndrome (VS). During a livingdonor kidney transplantation, the patient developed abrupt hypotension immediately after allograft reperfusion, with blood pressure dropping to 50/30 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa). The diagnosis of VS was confirmed through multidisciplinary consultation, integration of clinical indicators, and ultrasonographic assessment. Management included vasopressor therapy (dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine), fluid resuscitation, blood transfusion, and albumin administration. Hemodynamics were subsequently stabilized, and kidney allograft function returned to normal. At more than three months of followup, both kidney function and blood pressure remained stable.

Cell is the most basic unit of life,and normal metabolism is the key to cell growth and development.Reactive oxygen species(ROS)are important regulators of cell function,and hypoxi-a-inducible factor-1 alpha(HIF-1α)is a ROS receptor,which can activate transient receptor poten-tial vanilloid(TRPV)channel.TRPV is a sensor for temperature,pain,and osmotic pressure.Changes in the environment can induce changes in the activity of TRPV channel,which regulates various physiological and pathological processes of cells through its downstream signaling path-ways.Low temperature plasma can regulate cellular TRPV channel activity through HIF-1α.This article mainly reviews the effect of HIF-1α on cell function through TRPV channel,which has ref-erence significance for future research on various diseases related to TRPV channel and their pre-vention and treatment,as well as provides a new idea for using low temperature plasma technology to treat diseases through regulating TRPV channel.

Objective To analyze the correlation between the poor position of pedicle screw after lumbar internal fixation and the occurrence of postoperative neurological symptoms.Methods The clinical data of patients who underwent lumbar pedicle screw surgery in our hospital from January 2017 to December 2023 were analyzed retrospectively.Record the patient's sex,age,diagnosis,surgical segment,the presence of postoperative neurological complications,the types of neurological complications.According to the postoperative CT,the screw penetration zone and grade were evaluated,and the distribution of different pedicle screw penetration types was recorded.The correlation between different types of pedicle screw penetration and postoperative neurological symptoms was analyzed.Results A total of 184 patients were included,including 80 males and 104 females.Age ranged from 18 to 82 years,with an average of 60.1±14.2 years.35 patients developed new neurological symptoms after operation.The incidence of postoperative neurological symptoms caused by pedicle medial quadrant screw penetration and lower quadrant screw penetration was higher than that of pedicle superior quadrant and lateral quadrant screw penetration.From L1 to L5,the risk of postoperative neurological symptoms caused by screw penetration in the medial quadrant of the pedicle increases gradually.When the penetration distance of pedicle medial quadrant screws in L4 and L5 segments is≥2mm,the risk of postoperative neurological symptoms is high.When the penetration distance of pedicle medial quadrant screws in L1,L2 and L3 segments is greater than 4mm,the risk of postoperative neurological symptoms is high.The distance of pedicle screw penetrating the medial quadrant of pedicle was positively correlated with the incidence of postoperative neurological symptoms(P<0.05).Conclusion The lateral and superior quadrants of the pedicle may be regarded as safety zones for lumbar pedicle screw placement.For the L1～L3 segments,screw penetration depth should not exceed 4 mm;whereas for the L4～L5 segments,the safety threshold must be strictly controlled within 2 mm.

Objective To analyze changes in intestinal microbiota composition and metabolites in mice with nitrous oxide poisoning using 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolomics,and to examine correlations between gut microbes and metabolites in order to explore the mechanisms of nitrous oxide poisoning.Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a control group and a nitrous oxide poisoning group(n=6).The poisoning group was exposed to 90,000 ppm nitrous oxide twice daily for 1 h over 28 days,while the control group was exposed to air.Fecal samples were collected 24 h after the last exposure.16S rDNA sequencing was used to analyze structural differences in microbial communities and identify significantly different taxa.Metabolomics analysis was performed to detect changes in fecal metabolites and identify differential metabolites.Correlation analysis was conducted between differential microbiota and metabolites.Results 16S rDNA sequencing showed that the poisoning group had increased microbial abundance compared with controls,while species diversity remained unchanged.Significant differences were observed in gut microbiota structure between groups.Metabolomics identified 112 differential metabolites related to nitrous oxide poisoning,mainly involving the cAMP signaling pathway and sphingolipid metabolism.Spearman correlation analysis revealed a strong association between differential microbiota and differential metabolites.Conclusion Nitrous oxide poisoning alters the structure and metabolic profiles of intestinal microbiota.Changes in microbial abundance affect multiple metabolic pathways,which may be related to damage to the nervous and hematological systems.These findings provide a basis for further research on the mechanisms of nitrous oxide poisoning and for clinical treatment.

Objective The optimum formulation process was selected to prepare the ethosomes of Cortex Dictamni-Fructus Kochiae,and its prescription was verified and its properties were studied.Methods The formulation was optimized by single factor and response surface test.The appearance,particle size,Zeta potential and stability were investigated.The encapsulation rate was used as the evaluation index.Results The optimum preparation process of ethosomes of Cortex Dictamni-Fructus Kochiae is as follows:Using the dosage of lyophilized powder 409.06 mg,soybean lecithin 258.07 mg,cholesterol 90.87 mg,ethanol volume fraction 22.76％,stirred for 2 hours at 700 r·min-1 at 50 ℃ water bath temperature,The appearance of the prepared ethosomes suspension was light yellow,and the particles were nearly spherical in shape.The average particle size was(103.1±0.78)nm,the Zeta potential was(-36.0±3.65)mV,and the average encapsulation rates of Xibutanone,ash,and saponin Ⅰc were(89.25±0.91)％,(80.16±1.52)％,(86.59±0.58)％,respectively.After 14 days of storage at room temperature,the results showed that:The ethosomal suspension is still a light yellow,uniform,and stable liquid,and there is no stratified precipitation phenomenon.Conclusion The method of ethanol injection is easy to operate,high encapsulation rate and good stability,which lays a foundation for further study on the skin administration of this preparation.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinically isolated Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis in hospitals across China from 2015 to 2021,and provide evidence for rational use of antimicrobial agents.Methods Data of H.influenzae and M.catarrhalis strains isolated from 2015 to 2021 in CHINET program were collected for analysis,and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion method or automated systems according to the uniform protocol of CHINET.The results were interpreted according to the CLSI breakpoints in 2022.Beta-lactamases was detected by using nitrocefin disk.Results From 2015 to 2021,a total of 43 642 strains of Haemophilus species were isolated,accounting for 2.91％of the total clinical isolates and 4.07％of Gram-negative bacteria in CHINET program.Among the 40 437 strains of H.influenzae,66.89％were isolated from children and 33.11％were isolated from adults.More than 90％of the H.influenzae strains were isolated from respiratory tract specimens.The prevalence of β-lactamase was 53.79％in H.influenzae strains.The H.influenzae strains isolated from children showed higher resistance rate than the strains isolated from adults.Overall,779 strains of H.influenzae did not produce β-lactamase but were resistant to ampicillin(BLNAR).Beta-lactamase-producing strains showed significantly higher resistance rates to these antimicrobial agents than the β-lactamase-nonproducing strains.Of the 16 191 M.catarrhalis strains,80.06％were isolated from children and 19.94％isolated from adults.M.catarrhalis strains were mostly susceptible to both amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cefuroxime,evidenced by resistance rate lower than 2.0％.Conclusions The emergence of antibiotic-resistant H.influenzae due to β-lactamase production poses a challenge for clinical anti-infective treatment.Therefore,it is very important to implement antibiotic resistance surveillance for H.influenzae and guide rational antibiotic use.All local clinical microbiology laboratories should actively improve antibiotic susceptibility testing and strengthen antibiotic resistance surveillance for H.influenzae.

Cell is the most basic unit of life,and normal metabolism is the key to cell growth and development.Reactive oxygen species(ROS)are important regulators of cell function,and hypoxi-a-inducible factor-1 alpha(HIF-1α)is a ROS receptor,which can activate transient receptor poten-tial vanilloid(TRPV)channel.TRPV is a sensor for temperature,pain,and osmotic pressure.Changes in the environment can induce changes in the activity of TRPV channel,which regulates various physiological and pathological processes of cells through its downstream signaling path-ways.Low temperature plasma can regulate cellular TRPV channel activity through HIF-1α.This article mainly reviews the effect of HIF-1α on cell function through TRPV channel,which has ref-erence significance for future research on various diseases related to TRPV channel and their pre-vention and treatment,as well as provides a new idea for using low temperature plasma technology to treat diseases through regulating TRPV channel.