Over the past two decades, genome-wide association study(GWAS) has identified numerous genetic variants and loci associated with heritable diseases. With the gradual maturation and saturation of GWAS methodologies, transcriptome-wide association study(TWAS) offers a novel perspective by linkinggenetic phenotypes to gene expression levels. By integrating TWAS with other multi-omics analyses, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of heritable diseases. This article provides an overview of recent groundbreaking and representative TWAS methods and tools, analyzes their strengths and limitations, and discusses future trends in TWAS development.

Animal experimentation constitutes a critical link between basic research and clinical application, making its research quality and translational efficiency paramount. Although considerable progress has been made in standardizing operational procedures and ethical guidelines, the standardization of outcome evaluation systems has significantly lagged, creating a key bottleneck that constrains the quality of biomedical research and evidence synthesis. This deficiency is manifested by pronounced heterogeneity in outcome selection across similar studies, incomplete methodological reporting, and disparate criteria for result interpretation, which severely impairs the comparability of findings and the evidence integration. To cope with this challenge, this paper systematically introduces a mature methodological tool from clinical research–the core outcome set (COS)–and explores its construction strategies and application potential in the field of animal experimentation. Given the extensive diversity of animal experiments, a pragmatic strategy of "focusing on key areas, implementing phased pilots, and promoting gradual expansion" should be adopted. This approach prioritizes the development of domain-specific COS for disease areas characterized by high research volume, urgent translational needs, and well-established animal models. A multi-source integration pathway for COS development is detailed, comprising systematic literature searches, methodological appraisals, and expert consensus, with the feasibility of leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance efficiency also being examined. The development and promotion of such COS are not intended to restrict scientific exploration; rather, they aim to establish a new, tiered evaluation paradigm consisting of "core outcomes" (mandatory), "recommended outcomes" (encouraged), and "exploratory outcomes" (optional). This framework is expected not only to enhance research quality through standardization and to adhere to the "3R" principles but also to accelerate the accumulation of high-quality evidence. This, in turn, provides a solid foundation for higher-level evidence synthesis, ultimately facilitating the effective translation of basic research findings into clinical practice and providing an essential methodological framework for scientific advancement in relevant disciplines.

Background/Aims: Liver transplantation (LT) following total hepatectomy is a life-saving treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The HCC recurrence after LT hinders the effectiveness of the procedure. The objective of this study is to develop a pre-operative risk stratification model based on a liquid biopsy. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive multi-omics study of 260 HCC patients from three centers, including clinical data, low-coverage whole-genome sequencing of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from plasma, as well as whole-exome, single-nucleus RNA, and spatial transcriptomics from matched tumor and non-tumor tissues. Results: We identified cfDNA-derived copy number alteration (CNA) signatures associated with post-transplant recurrence. By integrating cfDNA-derived CNA profiles with single-cell transcriptomic data, we traced recurrence-associated cfDNA to a distinct subpopulation of malignant cells within the primary tumor. These cells were embedded in a pro-metastatic microenvironment of specialized endothelial subtypes and cancer-associated fibroblasts. Notably, most recurrence-associated lesions were detectable in cfDNA prior to liver transplantation (LT). Building on these insights, we developed the ZJU Criteria based on CNA fragments and tumor markers, a pre-LT risk prediction tool that integrates conventional clinical factors with cfDNA-derived CNA signatures, and validated it using internal and independent external cohorts. Conclusion Our findings suggest that post-transplant recurrence commonly originates from advanced subclones that emerge late during tumor evolution. The ZJU Criteria provides an accurate, non-invasive strategy that significantly improves pre-LT risk stratification and clinical decision-making for patients with HCC.

Objective Based on data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 (GBD 2023), this study analyzes the trends in disease burden and years lived with disability (YLD) of bladder cancer in China from 1990 to 2023. Methods Epidemiological data on bladder cancer in China were obtained from the GBD 2023 database.The age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), YLD and population attributable fraction (PAF) of risk factors were calculated.Temporal trends were evaluated using the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC), and Joinpoint regression was applied to compute the annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) for trend analysis. Results Between 1990 and 2023, the number of bladder cancer patients requiring rehabilitation services increased from 213 568 cases to 587 191 cases, representing a 175.0% increase.The YLD rose from 22 158 to 56 620, marking a 155.6% growth.The ASPR increased from 22.6/100 000 to 25.7/100 000 (EAPC=0.06), indicating a stable trend.The age-standardized YLD rate (ASYR) remained at 2.5/100 000 (EAPC=-0.32), indicating a downward trend.Notably, gender disparities in disease burden were evident, with male patients and YLD being 4.63 times and 4.25 times higher than their female counterparts, respectively.Risk factor analysis showed that smoking and high fasting plasma glucose were the main risk factors for bladder cancer.The ASYR attributable to high fasting plasma glucose showed an increasing trend in males (EAPC=0.13) but a decreasing trend in females (EAPC=-1.41). Conclusion The demand for rehabilitation and disease burden of bladder cancer in China have significantly increased, with particularly heavy burdens among males and the elderly population.It is urgent to formulate targeted interventions, strengthen tobacco control, occupational protection, and weight management, and establish an integrated rehabilitation service system to address the increasingly severe disease burden caused by bladder cancer.

Objective To investigated how morning meetings are conducted in radiology departments across different levels of hospitals in Shandong Province. It also explored the role of an intelligent morning meeting platform in supporting digital management of radiology departments. Methods This study was conducted through the Shandong Provincial Regional Medical Center Alliance. A questionnaire survey was administered to 241 hospitals of different grades to assess their morning meeting practices. Based on the findings, an intelligent and process-oriented management model suitable for the regional context was summarized and developed, leading to the construction of an intelligent morning meeting management platform. A comparative analysis was then performed in our hospital's radiology department. Key management indicators were compared before and after using the platform. These indicators included: weekly frequency of morning meetings, number of meeting types, staff attendance rate, rate of electronic management of meeting materials, proportion of case discussions that met teaching requirements, and staff satisfaction. Results The intelligent morning meeting management platform integrates multiple functions. These functions included morning meeting management, case management, archiving of meeting materials, quality control management, electronic attendance tracking, and online meetings across multiple hospital campuses. After the platform was implemented in the radiology department, all key indicators improved significantly. Specifically, weekly meeting frequency, number of meeting types, attendance rate, rate of electronic management of meeting materials, proportion of case discussions meeting teaching requirements, and staff satisfaction were all significantly higher than before implementation (all P<0.05). Conclusion The application of the intelligent morning meeting management platform can digitize, standardize, and make traceable the morning meetings in radiology departments.It significantly improves the efficiency and quality of these meetings. It also effectively enhances the digital management level of radiology departments. This study aimed to investigate the current operation of morning meetings in radiology departments at different levels of hospitals in Shandong Province, and to explore the role of the intelligent morning meeting platform in the digital management of radiology departments.

ObjectiveTo explore the potential mechanism by which Huoxue Wentong prescription （HXWT） ameliorates post-myocardial infarction （MI） ventricular remodeling by regulating endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition （EndMT） via the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α）/transforming growth factor-β₁ （TGF-β₁）/periostin （POSTN） signaling pathway. MethodsEighty SPF-grade male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a sham-operated group （n=10） and a modeling group （n=70）. The MI model was established by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. Successfully modeled rats were further randomized into a model group， a sacubitril/valsartan （Entresto， 0.021 g·kg^-1） group， and low， medium， and high-dose （4.15， 8.30， and 16.60 g·kg^-1， respectively） HXWTF groups （n=10 per group）. From postoperative day 2， rats received HXWTF or sacubitril/valsartan by gavage once daily for 4 weeks， and those in sham and model groups received an equal volume of normal saline. After intervention， general conditions were assessed. Echocardiography was performed to measure the left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）， left ventricular fractional shortening （LVFS）， left ventricular end diastolic diameter （LVEDD）， and left ventricular end systolic diameter （LVESD）. Hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining was employed to evaluate myocardial histopathology， and Masson's trichrome staining to assess myocardial fibrosis. Serum levels of B-type natriuretic peptide （BNP）， interleukin （IL）-6， IL-10， and matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9） were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Collagen type Ⅰ （ColⅠ） expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Immunofluorescence double staining was adopted to detect the expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 （CD31） and α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）. Western blot was performed to quantify the expression of collagen type Ⅰ α2 （Col1A2）， VE-cadherin， CD31， α-SMA， HIF-1α， TGF-β₁， and POSTN. ResultsCompared with the sham group， the model group exhibited thinning and collapse of the left ventricular wall， decreased LVEF and LVFS and increased LVEDD and LVESD （P<0.01）， disrupted myocardial fibers with marked inflammatory cell infiltration， increased collagen deposition， enhanced ColⅠ immunoreactivity， elevate serum BNP， IL-6， and MMP-9 levels， a reduced IL-10 level （P<0.01）， downregulated expression of CD31 and VE-cadherin， and upregulated expression of α-SMA， Col1A2， HIF-1α， TGF-β₁， and POSTN （P<0.05，P<0.01）， accompanied by increased CD31/α-SMA co-localization. Compared with the model group， the sacubitril/valsartan group and all HXWTF groups showed improved ventricular wall structure， increased LVEF and LVFS， decreased LVEDD and LVESD， attenuated myocardial injury with reduced inflammatory infiltration and collagen deposition， declined serum BNP， IL-6， and MMP-9 levels， an elevated serum IL-10 level， upregulated expression of CD31 and VE-cadherin， downregulated expression of α-SMA， Col1A2， HIF-1α， TGF-β₁， and POSTN， and reduced CD31/α-SMA co-localization （P<0.05，P<0.01）. No significant differences were observed between the sacubitril/valsartan group and the medium- and high-dose HXWTF groups. ConclusionHXWTF may regulate the HIF-1α/TGF-β₁/POSTN pathway to inhibit EndMT， thereby ameliorating post-MI ventricular remodeling.

Animal experiments are essential tools in biomedical research, serving as a bridge between basic research and clinical trials. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRs/MAs) of animal experiments are crucial methods for integrating evidence from animal experiment, which can facilitate the translation of findings into clinical research, reduce translational risks, and promote resource integration in basic research. With the continuous development of the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology, its application in SRs/MAs of animal experiments has gained increasing attention. This article first outlines the principles and specific applications of the GRADE methodology in SRs/MAs of animal experiments, including qualitative descriptive systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and network meta-analyses. It then deeply analyzes the misuse of the GRADE methodology in practice, including incorrect evidence grading, improper classification of evidence, misapplication in qualitative systematic reviews, inconsistencies between the documentation of the upgrading and downgrading process and results, and inappropriate use for making recommendations. Furthermore, this article comprehensively discusses the factors influencing the grading of evidence certainty in SRs/MAs of animal experiments, including the impact of bias risk, indirectness, inconsistency, imprecision, and publication bias on evidence downgrading, as well as the role of large effect sizes and cross-species consistency in evidence upgrading. Finally, in response to the issues discussed, improvement strategies are proposed, including further research and optimization of the GRADE methodology for SRs/MAs of animal experiments, the development of reporting guidelines tailored to the characteristics of SRs/MAs in animal experiment research, and enhanced professional training for researchers in the GRADE methodology. This article aims to improve the quality of evidence in SRs/MAs of animal experiments, strengthen their reliability in clinical decision-making, and promote the more efficient translation of findings from animal experiment research into clinical practice.

Objective To determine the body weights and blood physiological and biochemical indicators in the Macaca mulatta brevicaudus(M.m.brevicaudus),to provide a reference for the breeding of experimental animals.Methods A total of 180 wild M.m.brevicaudus(female and male)from the South Bay Macaque Reserve in Lingshui were selected as the research subjects.Body weights were measured using electronic scales and blood samples were collected.Routine blood indicators(red blood cell count,hemoglobin,white blood cell count,and platelet count)were detected using an automated blood cell analyzer,and biochemical indicators(alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,glucose,blood urea nitrogen)were measured using an automated biochemical analyzer.Data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 software for descriptive statistics,and differences in body weights and blood indicators between sexes and age groups were compared using t-tests.Results Adult male wild M.m.brevicaudus were significantly heavier than females(P＜0.05);however,there were no significant differences in complete blood cell counts between female and male macaques(P＞0.05).In terms of blood biochemical indicators,lactate dehydrogenase and total bilirubin levels differed significantly between female and male M.m.brevicaudus(P＜0.05),but there were no significant differences in any other biochemical indicators.Conclusions This study established baseline data on the body weights and blood physiological and biochemical indicators of wild M.m.brevicaudus,providing a reference for their future breeding as experimental animals.

Cervical spinal cord injury without fracture-dislocation (CSCIWFD) is referred to as a special type of cervical spinal cord injury characterized by traumatic spinal cord dysfunction and no significant bony structural abnormalities on imagines. Duo to the high risk of missed diagnosis during the initial consultation, CSCIWFD may lead to progressive neurological deterioration or even complete paralysis, severely impacting patients′ prognosis. Currently, there are no established consensuses over the diagnosis and treatment of CSCIWFD, such as the lack of evidence-based standards for indications of non-surgical treatment and risk of secondary neurological injury, as well as debates over the optimal timing for surgical intervention and indications for different surgical approaches. To address these issues, the Spine Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts in the relevant fields to formulate Diagnosis and treatment guideline for acute cervical spinal cord injury without fracture- dislocation in adults ( version 2025) . Based on evidence-based medicine and the principles of scientific rigor and clinical applicability, the guidelines proposed 11 recommendations covering terminology, diagnosis, evaluation treatment, and rehabilitation, etc., aiming to standardize the management of CSCIWFD.

[Purpose]To analyze the trends of cervical cancer incidence in Qidong City of Jiangsu Province from 1977 to 2021.[Methods]Based on the cervical cancer registration database in Qi-dong City from 1977 to 2021,the crude incidence rate,the age-standardized rate by the standard Chinese standard population and the world standard population(ASRC and ASRW),the truncated rate of 35～64 years old,the cumulative rate of 0～74 years old,and the cumulative risk were cal-culated;the incidence rates of birth cohorts were analyzed.Joinpoint regression analysis was per-formed with Joinpoint 4.9.0.0 software to calculate the annual percentage change(APC)and the average annual percentage change(AAPC)of cervical cancer incidence.[Results]A total of 2 253 new cases of cervical cancer registered in Qidong City from 1977 to 2021,accounting for 1.62％of the total case numbers of cancer in the whole population,and for 4.03％of the total number of cancers in women.The crude incidence rate was 8.75/105,the ASRC was 4.54/105,the ASRW was 6.01/105,the truncated rate(35～64 years old)was 15.09/105,the cumulative rate(0～74 years old)was 0.63％,and the cumulative risk was 0.63％.The incidence of cervical cancer increased with age from 1977 to 2021.The average incident age was 55.36 years old,with the lowest age of 47.51 years old in 2010.Secular trend analysis showed that the AAPC of the crude incidence of cervical cancer was 6.010％(95％CI:4.951％～7.081％)(P＜0.001),among which the trend decreased from 1977 to 1999,with an APC of-2.507％;and then the trend increased from 1999 to 2017,with an APC of 14.436％(P＜0.001).The rising and falling trend curves of the AS-RC and ASRW were similar to that of the crude incidence.The age group and time period analysis showed that the peak incidence was in the older age groups before 2006,while the peak inci-dence appeared in the age groups of 45～54 years old from 2007 to 2021.The AAPCs in age groups of 25～64 years old demonstrated upward trends(all P＜0.05).The birth cohort analysis showed that the cervical cancer incidence in the 1937-1941 birth cohort was the lowest,and the birth cohort-specific rates in all age groups showed"V-shape"trends.[Conclusion]Long-term monitoring of cervical cancer incidence in Qidong has shown a trend of initially slow decline fol-lowed by a rapid increase,with the peak incident shifting towards younger ages.The rising trends of cervical cancer incidence in last two decades may be associated with the increased HPV infection,suggesting that measures to reduce HPV infection and enhance vaccination should be strengthened.