Subretinal fibrosis(SRF),the end pathological stage of neovascular age-related macular degeneration(nAMD),can cause severe and irreversible vision loss in patients.In recent years,the high clinical incidence of SRF and the severe visual impairment it causes have led to a rapid development of SRF-related research.In order to systematically understand the clinical progress of SRF,recent studies on SRF secondary to nAMD were reviewed in this article.

Programmed cell death protein ligand-1(PD-L1)is an important immune checkpoint molecule that plays an important role in regulating the body's immune response.Several clinical studies have shown that the expression level of PD-L1 in tumors is closely related to the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.Due to the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of tumors,immunohistochemical methods commonly used in clinical practice cannot accurately and comprehensively reflect the ex-pression level of PD-L1 in patients.Given that nuclear-medicine molecular imaging technology can noninvasively,real-time,dy-namically and visually monitor the expression level of PD-L1 in vivo at the molecular level,this article mainly focuses on the re-search of peptide-based radiolabeled molecular probes targeting PD-L1,with the aim of providing guidance for the search of no-vel peptide molecular probes for immunoimaging as well as for the screening of immunotherapy-suitable patients and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy,and other clinical applications.

BACKGROUND:Bone transport has been used for a variety of reasons in bone defects with good clinical results.However,various complications have also attracted the attention of practitioners and the avoidance of non-healing of the docking point has become a common concern for doctors and patients. OBJECTIVE:To explore effective methods of avoiding non-healing of the docking point in the treatment of tibial bone defects by bone transport so as to shorten the treatment period and reduce the pain of patients. METHODS:The clinical data of 21 patients with unilateral tibial bone defect admitted to the No.910 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese PLA from January 2018 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed,including 16 males and 5 females,aged(32.8±10.3)years,with an average bone defect length of 10.2 cm.All 21 patients received bone transport surgery,during which the bone defect area was filled with bone cement to reduce the adverse factors affecting the healing of the docking point.The Association for the Study and Application of the Methods of Ilizarov,healing index and incidence of adverse reactions were evaluated during postoperative follow-up. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The 21 patients were followed up for 15 to 24 months after surgery,and the extended area was all well mineralized and had no malformations,and no refractures occurred during treatment.Among them,one patient had foot drop,which could not be completely corrected after surgical release of the Achilles tendon and wearing foot and ankle orthotics.19 patients had different degrees of needle tract infection,and no deep infection occurred after timely needle tract nursing.The healing rate of the docking point was 100%;the healing index was 36-45 d/cm and the average was 38 d/cm.The Association for the Study and Application of the Methods of Ilizarov showed that bone healing was excellent in 17 cases(81%)and poor in 4 cases(19%).The results of limb function were excellent in 18 cases(86%)and good in 3 cases(14%).These findings show that bone cement segmental filling during bone transport is an effective method to solve the non-healing of the docking point,shorten the patient's treatment period and reduce the patient's pain.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Zhuanyaotang Granules for the treatment of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis(DLSS).Methods Using a randomized double blind controlled design,104 DLSS patients were divided into an experimental group and a control group using a random number table method,with 52 patients in each group.The treatment group took oral Zhuanyaotang Granules,methylcobalamin tablets and celecoxib capsule simulants.The control group used Zhuanyaotang Granules simulants,methylcobalamin tablets and celecoxib capsules.The course of treatment was 3 weeks for both groups.The follow-ups were conducted at 1 month and 3 months after treatment.The intermittent claudication distance,visual analogue scale(VAS)score and JOA efficacy rating criteria for low back pain score were observed in both groups before treatment,1,2,3 weeks of treatment and 1 month after treatment and 3 months after treatment.Adverse reactions during treatment were recorded.Results There were 5 cases of detachment and 2 cases of exclusion in the experimental group,and 5 cases of detachment and 1 case of exclusion in the control group.Compared with before treatment,there were statistically significant differences in intermittent claudication distance,VAS score,and JOA score between the two groups of patients at various time points during treatment and follow-up(P<0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in intermittent claudication distance,VAS score,and JOA score between the experimental group and the control group before treatment and 1 and 2 weeks of treatment(P>0.05);compared with the two groups at 3 weeks of treatment and 1 and 3 months after treatment,the intermittent claudication distance and JOA score in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05);There was no significant difference in VAS score between the two groups and the control group after 3 weeks of treatment(P>0.05).There were 2 adverse reactions(4.4%)in the experimental group and 5 adverse reactions(10.8%)in the control group,without statistical significance(P>0.05).Conclusion Zhuanyaotang Granules can effectively relieve pain and improve lumbar function in patients with DLSS,which is more effective and safer than oral celecoxib capsules and methylcobalamin tablets.

Objective:To document any impact of the timing of rehabilitation interventions on the recovery of motor function among children after a traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods:Seventy-one children with a TBI were randomly divided into a control group ( n=36) and an observation group ( n=35). All received comprehensive rehabilitation-15 to 30 days after admission for those in the control group and 2 to 14 days after admission for the observation group. It included joint range-of-motion training, multi-sensory stimulation training, low-frequency electrical stimulation, and acupuncture. Before the experiment and 4, 12 and 24 weeks afterward, everyone′s motor functioning, muscle tone, and functional independence were quantified using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), and the WeeFIM pediatric functional independence measure. Results:Four weeks after the intervention the average FMA and WeeFIM scores of both groups had already increased significantly. At 12 and 24 weeks the average FMA and WeeFIM scores of the observation group were significantly higher than the control group′s averages. Muscle tone was then also significantly better on average. There was no significant difference in the incidence of rehabilitation interruptions between the two groups.Conclusion:Early comprehensive rehabilitation intervention within 2 to 14 days of admission can effectively better the motor functioning and functional independence of pediatric TBI patients.

Objective To explore correlation between cerebral microbleeds(CMBs)and cognitive dysfunction in patients with cerebral small vessel disease.Methods A total of 80 patients with cerebral small vessel disease admitted to Department of Encephalopathy in Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected as research objects.They were divided into CMBs positive group(50 cases)and CMBs negative group(30 cases)based on the presence or absence of CMBs in the cerebral hemisphere.General clinical data of two groups were compared.Cognitive function was assessed by using Montreal cognitive assessment scale(MoCA).Results Age and incidence rate of hypertension in CMBs positive group were significantly higher than those in CMBs negative group(P<0.05).Total score of MoCA,scores of visuospatial and executive function,abstract thinking and delayed recall in CMBs positive group were significantly lower than those in CMBs negative group(P<0.05).Conclusion CMBs are closely related to the potential mechanism,clinical diagnosis and degree assessment of cognitive dysfunction in patients with cerebral small vessel disease.

Pediatric neurogenic bladder (PNB) is defined as dysfunction of the detrusor and/or urethral sphincter due to myelodysplasia or spinal cord injury, manifesting as impaired urination or defecation, which seriously affects the patients’ quality of life. The main indication for sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is overactive bladder syndrome, which presents as refractory urinary frequency and urgency, urgency incontinence and non-obstructive urinary retention. Age more than 16 years are also recommended for this technique. Previous studies have revealed that SNM could significantly improve the outcome of refractory bladder bowel dysfunction. This paper reviews the advances of the application of SNM in the treatment of pediatric neurogenic bladder so as to provide reference for pediatricians.

Despite advances in immunotherapy for the treatment of cancers,not all patients can benefit from programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1)immune checkpoint blockade therapy.Anti-PD-L1 therapeutic effects reportedly correlate with the PD-L1 expression level;hence,accurate detection of PD-L1 expression can guide immunotherapy to achieve better therapeutic effects.Therefore,based on the high affinity antibody Nb109,a new site-specifically radiolabeled tracer,68Ga-NODA-cysteine,aspartic acid,and valine(CDV)-Nb109,was designed and synthesized to accurately monitor PD-L1 expression.The tracer 68Ga-NODA-CDV-Nb109 was obtained using a site-specific conjugation strategy with a radiochemical yield of about 95％and radiochemical purity of 97％.It showed high affinity for PD-L1 with a dissociation constant of 12.34±1.65 nM.Both the cell uptake assay and positron emission tomography(PET)imaging revealed higher tracer uptake in PD-L1-positive A375-hPD-L1 and U87 tumor cells than in PD-L1-negative A375 tumor cells.Meanwhile,dynamic PET imaging of a NC1-H1299 xenograft indicated that doxorubicin could upregulate PD-L1 expression,allowing timely interventional immunotherapy.In conclusion,this tracer could sensitively and dynamically monitor changes in PD-L1 expression levels in different cancers and help screen patients who can benefit from anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy.

Objective:To investigate the effects and the mechanism of FoxO6 on the proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer cells.Methods:FoxO6 siRNA was transfected into colorectal cancer cell HCT116 and SW480. The overexpression vector pcDNA.3.1-c-Myc was constructed and co-transfected into HCT116 and SW480 cells with FoxO6 siRNA. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of FoxO6, c-Myc, and p21 in HCT116 and SW480 cells. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was used to detect cell proliferation and Transwell assay was performed to detect the invasion ability of these cells. SW480 cells transfected with FoxO6 shRNA lentivirus (LV-FoxO6) and were injected into the right armpit of BAL b/c nude mice to construct a tumor-bearing mode and the tumor volumes were measured on the days of 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, and 25 after injection.Results:The FoxO6 mRNA were 0.91±0.04, 1.72±0.07, and 2.03±0.06, and protein expression were 0.70±0.04, 1.35±0.08, and 1.56±0.07 in normal colon cell FHC, colorectal cancer cells HT116 and SW480, respectively. The protein and mRNA levels of FoxO6 in HCT116 and SW480 were significantly higher than those in FHC (both P<0.05). Knockdown of FoxO6 in HCT116 and SW480 cells decreased the mRNA and protein expressions of FoxO6 (both P<0.05), the cell proliferation ability (absorbances were 0.26±0.07 and 0.27±0.06, both P<0.05), cell invasion ability (the invaded cell numbers were 42.3±3.3 and 45.7±4.1, both P<0.05), and the mRNA and protein expressions of c-Myc, while increased the mRNA and protein expressions of p21 (both P<0.01). Overexpression of Myc in FoxO6 silenced HCT116 and SW480 cells decreased the expression of p21, while increased the cell proliferation ability (absorbances were 0.54±0.09 and 0.58±0.07, both P<0.01) and invasion ability (the invaded cell numbers were 79.2±5.9 and 80.5±6.4, both P<0.01). On the 25th day after cell inoculation in nude mice, the tumor volume of LV-FoxO6 group was (190.6±36.2) mm 3, significantly lower than (437.8.6±69.2) mm 3 of LV-NC group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:FoxO6 promotes the proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer cells through facilitating c-Myc mediated p21 expression inhibition.

OBJECTIVES: To understand medical students' mental health, professional pride, and intention to work in the front-line during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and provide a reference for psychological intervention. METHODS: We used the depression-anxiety-stress scale and self-designed questionnaire on professional pride, intention to work in the front-line and the extent of family support. Medical students from 4 medical schools in Fujian and Hunan were investigated. Their mental health status, professional pride and first-line work willingness with different characteristics were compared, and the influential factors for professional pride and first-line work willingness were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 266 valid questionnaires were collected. During the pandemic, there were significant differences in the proportion of depressed students among different college and universities, majors and stages (<0.05), and the professional pride was significantly different (<0.001). Medical students with different mental health status showed significant differences in professional pride (<0.01). Marriage, pressure and extent of family support were the influential factors for their professional pride (<0.05). The latter two were also influential factors for their intention to work in the front-line (<0.05). CONCLUSIONS During the pandemic, students from college and nursing have relatively better mental health and higher professional pride. The professional pride is low in medical students who married, with abnormal stress or low family support. The intention to work in front-line is decreased in students with abnormal stress or low family support.
Betacoronavirus ; China ; Coronavirus Infections ; psychology ; Family ; Humans ; Intention ; Mental Health ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; psychology ; Professionalism ; Social Support ; Stress, Psychological ; Students, Medical ; psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires