Objective:To sort out the situation,content and practical experience of the"four sinkings"in the construction of tightly-knit county medical communities,and provide references and basis for the promotion of policies in various regions.Methods:Quantitative description methods were used to analyze the development trends of the number of health technicians and medical services in primary healthcare facilities.Literature research methods were used to analyze policy content.Case analysis methods were used to summarize and analyze the implementation content and support mechanisms of the"four sinkings"in Youxi County of Fujian Province,Dongyang City of Zhejiang Province,Dongtai City of Jiangsu Province and Suixi County of Anhui Province.Results:From 2010-2022,more health technicians and medical services still flew to hospitals,indicating that personnel is an important impact factor for service sinking.The task of personnel and service sinking to the primary healthcare level is still arduous.From 2023 to 2024,China has issued multiple national policies to clarify the content of the"four sinkings",among which personnel sinking is the core,technology sinking is the means,management sinking is the support,and service sinking is the goal.Case analysis result shows that typical regions have established a long-term mechanism to promote the"four sinkings"through talent pool constrution,economic incentives,medical insurance support and informatization construction.Conclusion and Suggestions:It is needed to enhance the understanding of the"four sinkings",and promote them as important policy measures;promote the experience of typical regions,with a focus on the establishment of a long-term mechanism;and strengthen trace study and monitoring and evaluation to ensure the implementation of the"four sinkings".

Objective:To present an evaluation indicator system for access to cancer screening services.Methods:The evaluation indicator pool was constructed through a scoping review. The theoretical framework was constructed based on the multi-source indicators, and the qualitative expert consultation method was employed to form the initial version of the three-level evaluation indicator system. Delphi expert consultation method was conducted in two rounds to evaluate the relevance, importance, and availability of the proposed evaluation indicator system. The expert positive coefficient, authority coefficient, coordination degree of expert opinions, and concentration of expert opinions were subjected to analysis. Subsequently, the three-level evaluation indicator system for access to cancer screening services was adjusted and determined based on the boundary value method and the open opinions of experts. Finally, the combination weight method was employed to determine the weight.Results:The initial version of the indicator system comprised 3 primary (first-level) indicators, 11 secondary (second-level) indicators, and 46 tertiary (third-level) indicators. Delphi expert consultation was conducted for the initial version, and 17 experts ultimately completed it, exhibiting a positive coefficient of 100% and an authority coefficient of 0.87. In comparison to the initial round of consultation, Kendall's W coefficient ranges (0.15-0.43, all P<0.05) of relevance, importance, and availability scores for each tertiary indicator in the second round exhibited an improvement. The analysis of the importance dimension indicates that expert opinions are also more concentrated, as evidenced by an increase of 8.5% and 7.0% in the proportion of the tertiary indicators with an arithmetic mean above 8 and a full mark ratio above 0.5, respectively. The final evaluation indicator system comprises three primary indicators, with the weights of structure evaluation, process evaluation, and outcome evaluation being 0.338, 0.378, and 0.285, respectively. It also comprises 11 secondary indicators and 45 tertiary indicators. Conclusions:The evaluation indicator system developed in this article can be an effective evaluation tool for quantitative comparison of access to cancer screening services across different populations, cancer types, and before and after intervention. Furthermore, it is recommended that the system undergo continuous optimization concerning its application.

Objective:To present an evaluation indicator system for access to cancer screening services.Methods:The evaluation indicator pool was constructed through a scoping review. The theoretical framework was constructed based on the multi-source indicators, and the qualitative expert consultation method was employed to form the initial version of the three-level evaluation indicator system. Delphi expert consultation method was conducted in two rounds to evaluate the relevance, importance, and availability of the proposed evaluation indicator system. The expert positive coefficient, authority coefficient, coordination degree of expert opinions, and concentration of expert opinions were subjected to analysis. Subsequently, the three-level evaluation indicator system for access to cancer screening services was adjusted and determined based on the boundary value method and the open opinions of experts. Finally, the combination weight method was employed to determine the weight.Results:The initial version of the indicator system comprised 3 primary (first-level) indicators, 11 secondary (second-level) indicators, and 46 tertiary (third-level) indicators. Delphi expert consultation was conducted for the initial version, and 17 experts ultimately completed it, exhibiting a positive coefficient of 100% and an authority coefficient of 0.87. In comparison to the initial round of consultation, Kendall's W coefficient ranges (0.15-0.43, all P<0.05) of relevance, importance, and availability scores for each tertiary indicator in the second round exhibited an improvement. The analysis of the importance dimension indicates that expert opinions are also more concentrated, as evidenced by an increase of 8.5% and 7.0% in the proportion of the tertiary indicators with an arithmetic mean above 8 and a full mark ratio above 0.5, respectively. The final evaluation indicator system comprises three primary indicators, with the weights of structure evaluation, process evaluation, and outcome evaluation being 0.338, 0.378, and 0.285, respectively. It also comprises 11 secondary indicators and 45 tertiary indicators. Conclusions:The evaluation indicator system developed in this article can be an effective evaluation tool for quantitative comparison of access to cancer screening services across different populations, cancer types, and before and after intervention. Furthermore, it is recommended that the system undergo continuous optimization concerning its application.

Objective:To sort out the situation,content and practical experience of the"four sinkings"in the construction of tightly-knit county medical communities,and provide references and basis for the promotion of policies in various regions.Methods:Quantitative description methods were used to analyze the development trends of the number of health technicians and medical services in primary healthcare facilities.Literature research methods were used to analyze policy content.Case analysis methods were used to summarize and analyze the implementation content and support mechanisms of the"four sinkings"in Youxi County of Fujian Province,Dongyang City of Zhejiang Province,Dongtai City of Jiangsu Province and Suixi County of Anhui Province.Results:From 2010-2022,more health technicians and medical services still flew to hospitals,indicating that personnel is an important impact factor for service sinking.The task of personnel and service sinking to the primary healthcare level is still arduous.From 2023 to 2024,China has issued multiple national policies to clarify the content of the"four sinkings",among which personnel sinking is the core,technology sinking is the means,management sinking is the support,and service sinking is the goal.Case analysis result shows that typical regions have established a long-term mechanism to promote the"four sinkings"through talent pool constrution,economic incentives,medical insurance support and informatization construction.Conclusion and Suggestions:It is needed to enhance the understanding of the"four sinkings",and promote them as important policy measures;promote the experience of typical regions,with a focus on the establishment of a long-term mechanism;and strengthen trace study and monitoring and evaluation to ensure the implementation of the"four sinkings".

Objective:To quantitatively analyze the death and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) attributed to high level serum LDL-C in Chinese population in 2017.Methods:Data were obtained from the '2017 Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD2017)’. Population attributable fraction (PAF), number and rate of deaths and DALY attributable to high LDL-C were used to describe the burden of disease by gender, age groups, diseases and provinces in China. Both rates on mortality and DALY were standardized by GBD world population.Results:In 2017, 862 759 deaths were caused by high level serum LDL-C in China, that accounting for 8.25 % of the total deaths. Of the attributable deaths, 705 355 (81.76 %) persons died from ischemic heart disease (IHD), while the remaining 18.24 % from ischemic stroke (IS). High LDL-C accounted for 40.30 % of the total deaths from ischemic heart disease and 18.49 % from ischemic stroke. The highest PAF of death (13.70 %) appeared in Jilin province and the lowest in Zhejiang province (4.65 %). PAF of death was seen higher in females than in males, while both age-standardized rates of mortality and DALY appeared higher in males than in females. High LDL-C attributed mortality rate appeared as 61.08/100 000 after standardization in Chinese population. High LDL-C attributed DALYs were 18.16 million person years, among which 76.76 % were caused by IHD (13.94 million person years), with DALY rate as 1285.83/100 000. Among provinces, Heilongjiang showed the highest standardized DALY rate, and Zhejiang the lowest. The PAF, number of deaths, rates on mortality and DALY caused by high LDL-C were high among residents above 70 years old, with the DALY number as 8.56 million person years, highest seen in the age group from 50 to 69 years old. Conclusion:The burden of disease attributed to high level LDL-C was quite high and with gender, age group and interprovincial differences, in China in 2017.

Objective To discuss the nursing resources allocation status in Xinjiang production and construction corps so that reasonable allocation,utilization and management of the nursing work-forces can be strengthened for ensuring the nursing qualities and adapting to the needs of continuous development of the profession.Methods Information such as the quantity,age,education and the title of technical post of tbe nurses in the year of 2005 was collected and analyzed.Results The results showed shortage of nurses,the average doctor-nurse ratio was 1:1.20;the age structure of the objects investigated was suitable,small at beth ends and big in the middle.while more well educated and well technical post titled nurses were needed.Conclusions The quantity of nurses should be increased properly and the present nursing labors should be made use of scientifically,what's more,the training of the bilingual skill of the nurses should be given according to the multinational region features.

Objective To study the expression of LI-cadherin in gastric cancer, gastric stromal tumor, chronic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. Methods Two hundred and forty four specimens were collected, including normal epithelia (n=28), chronic superficial gastritis (n=30), chronic atrophic gastritis(n=42), intestinal metaplasia (n=58), gastric adenocarcinoma (n=46), paracancerous gastric tissues (n=30), gastric stromal tumor (n=10). The expression of LI-cadherin was detected by S-P immunohischemistry with purified goat polyclonal antibody. Results The expression of LI-cadherin in normal epithelia and chronic gastritis are all negative, the positive rates of LI-cadherin expression in intestinal metaplasia and gastric adenocarcinoma is 83% (48/58) and 65% (30/46) respectively. By Laurien classification, the positive rate of LI-cadherin expression in intestinal type was higher(78% ) than those in the diffuse type (35%) (P<0.05). LI-cadherin was in positive correlation with lymph node metastasis and staging. Paracancerous tissues and gastric stromal tumor did not express LI-cadherin. Conclusions The abnormal expression of LI-cadherin was correlated with intestinal metaplasia and gastric adenocarcinoma. GCs with high LI-cadherin index have more lymph node metastasis. High expression rate of LI-cadherin in gastric cancer tissues may predict poor prognosis.