Objective To examine the impact of climate, land use and their interaction effect on the population density of Oncomelania hupensis. Methods O. hupensis snail surveillance data in Yunnan Province from 2013 to 2022 were obtained from the National Information System for Parasitic Diseases Prevention and Control of Chinese Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, and the density of living snails was calculated in each county-level administrative district. Climate data were obtained from the China Meteorological Forcing Dataset version 2.0, and land use data were captured from the China Land Cover Dataset. The raster climate data and land use data were clipped to the administrative border of Yunnan Province in the R package version 4.5, and the climate data were resampled to a spatial resolution of 30 m × 30 m consistent with the land use data using bilinear interpolation. Annual meteorological indicators were extracted from each county-level schistosomiasis surveillance administrative area in Yunnan Province from 2013 to 2022, including average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, temperature difference, average precipitation rate, maximum precipitation rate, minimum precipitation rate, downward shortwave radiation flux, downward longwave radiation flux, air pressure, wind speed, specific humidity and relative humidity. Annual land use structure and landscape pattern index in each county-level schistosomiasis surveillance administrative area in Yunnan Province from 2013 to 2022 were extracted and calculated, including the proportion of areas occupied by each type of land use, patch density, largest patch index, landscape separation index, landscape fragmentation index, landscape segmentation index, contagion index, patch cohesion index, edge density, and shape index. Land use entropy index was introduced to represent the degree of habitat fragmentation and ecological niche breadth. The density of living snails and environmental factors were subjected to rank correlation analysis, and variables with no statistically significant correlation (P>0.1) were excluded. Then, a correlation coefficient matrix was constructed, and |r_s| of 0.85 and greater was defined as the threshold of high collinearity. For highly correlated variables in each group, indicators with a more biological explanatory power or a better statistical efficiency were retained. A generalized additive model (GAM) was constructed with O. hupensis snail density as a response variable and screened environmental variables as independent variables, and the model performance was evaluated using the variance explained. Results The area occupied by O. hupensis snail habitats was 1 056 to 1 680 hm² in Yunnan Province from 2013 to 2022, appearing an overall tendency towards a decline; however, the density of living snails appeared a tendency towards a slight rise. Based on the correlation coefficient matrix, 14 core explanatory variables were retained, including farmland, water bodies, bare land, impervious surface, landscape separation index, landscape fragmentation index, edge density, shape index, land use entropy index, downward longwave radiation flux, downward shortwave radiation flux, maximum temperature, minimum precipitation rate and specific humidity. Two types of GAM were constructed, including the main-effects model without interaction terms and the interaction model with interaction terms. The corrected Akaike information criterion (AICc) of the optimal main-effects model was −285.223, and the core variables included bare land, impervious surface, landscape separation index, edge density, shape index, land use entropy index and downward shortwave radiation flux. Following introduction of second-order interaction terms, the AICc value of the optimal interaction model was −345.526, and the significant interaction combinations included: farmland × impervious surface, farmland × landscape separation index, farmland × shape index, farmland × land use entropy index, impervious surface × landscape separation index, impervious surface × edge density, and shape index × downward shortwave radiation flux. The proportion of the main-effects model explaining the variation of O. hupensis snail density was 39.8%, and the explanatory power of GAM increased to 79.0% following introduction of interaction terms. Conclusion Landscape separation index, edge density, shape index and other landscape pattern indicators pose significant impacts on the intensity and direction of changes in O. hupensis snail density in Yunnan Province.

Objective To explore the effect of plasma-activated gas(PAG)in promoting wound healing.Methods The pro-healing effect of PAG was explored by testing the effectiveness of PAG in promoting cell proliferation and healing of infected wounds.Cell proliferation assay:five different cells(i.e.,HSF,IHSMC,WPMY-1,HaCaT,and HFF)in logarithmic growth phase were inoculated into culture plates.After the cells grew adherently to the wall,the different cells were each grouped experimentally using a suitable time gradient.After the cells were treated with PAG for different time,their activity was detected by CCK-8 method.Animal infected wound healing assay:a wound of about 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm in size was created on the back of SD rats with sterile tweezers and scissors,and then the wound was infected with P.Aeruginosa with A600nm=6.5.After the infection was completed,the wounds were treated with PAG at regular intervals,and the experiment groups were subdivided according to the different treatment durations.Wound healing photographs and changes in relative wound area were used as indicators of healing performance.Results Cell proliferation assay:PAG treatment was effective in promoting cell proliferation for a reasonable period of time,while overdose led to cell death.Therefore,the dose of cells treated with plasma activation gas was defined as=W/N(J/cell),where W is the work consumed by the activation gas device during the treatment process and N is the number of cells.The three indexes(starting dose,optimal dose and safe dose range)were used to characterize the proliferative effect of PAG.Animal infected wound healing assay:the experimental groups all showed accelerated wound healing,so the optimal treatment time was used to characterize the pro-healing effect of PAG.The sterilization mode played a primary role,with an optimal treatment time of 2 min,and the pro-healing mode played a secondary role.The treatment conditions with the best overall healing effect were 2 min for the sterilization mode and 1 min for the pro-healing mode.Conclusion PAG has the effect of promoting cell proliferation and infected wound healing,and indicators can be summarized to quantitatively describe its effect,which is conducive to further standardization of PAG research and clinical utility.

In recent years,natural antimicrobial biomaterials have received widespread attention due to their rich sources,broad anti-microbial spectrum,high antimicrobial activity,good biocompatibility,etc.They play an important role in caries prevention and treat-ment by inhibiting the formation of biofilm and removing the formed biofilm.In this paper,we summarize the inhibitory effects of differ-ent natural antimicrobial biomaterials on Streptococcus mutans,the main caries-causing organism,and its biofilm,with a view to provi-ding theoretical references for caries prevention and treatment.

Objective To systematically explore the prescription source,prescription composition,drug origin and processing,functional indications and clinical application of the classic Tibetan medicine Sanwei Qiangwei Powder,so as to provide scientific basis for its in-depth development,rational utilization and follow-up research.Methods By using methods of literature review,the ancient and modern Tibetan medical classics and modern literature such as'Ocha Jinmai' sporadic secret collection 'Zhigong Yi Suan Ji' were retrieved,and the prescription origin,medicinal material origin,processing technology,prescription solution,usage and dosage were studied and analyzed.Results The Sanwei Qiangwei Powder originated from the 'Ocha Jinmai'(《()》)written by Qiangba Minimatongwatundan in the 15th century.The book was written much earlier than the literature included in the 'Catalogue of Ancient Classic Prescriptions(Second Batch)'-the 'Selection of Tibetan Medicine Prescriptions·Longevity Baoru' in the 19th century.The prescription consists of 15 copies of Rosa rugosa,7 copies of Herpetospermum caudigerum,and 3 copies of Terminalia chebula Retz.It plays a significant effect on hepatobiliary diseases such as biliary fever,liver fever,primary headache,and headache after drinking in clinical practice.It is the core prescription for the treatment of Chiba-type diseases and has high development value.There are differences in the use site,dosage ratio,usage and dosage of medicinal materials in different literatures,and the dosage has been clarified by textual research and expert consultation.Conclusion This study sorted out and clarified the key information of Sanwei Qiangwei Powder,which laid a theoretical foundation for the inheritance and development,innovative application and modernization research of the prescription.

In recent years,natural antimicrobial biomaterials have received widespread attention due to their rich sources,broad anti-microbial spectrum,high antimicrobial activity,good biocompatibility,etc.They play an important role in caries prevention and treat-ment by inhibiting the formation of biofilm and removing the formed biofilm.In this paper,we summarize the inhibitory effects of differ-ent natural antimicrobial biomaterials on Streptococcus mutans,the main caries-causing organism,and its biofilm,with a view to provi-ding theoretical references for caries prevention and treatment.

Objective To explore the effect of plasma-activated gas(PAG)in promoting wound healing.Methods The pro-healing effect of PAG was explored by testing the effectiveness of PAG in promoting cell proliferation and healing of infected wounds.Cell proliferation assay:five different cells(i.e.,HSF,IHSMC,WPMY-1,HaCaT,and HFF)in logarithmic growth phase were inoculated into culture plates.After the cells grew adherently to the wall,the different cells were each grouped experimentally using a suitable time gradient.After the cells were treated with PAG for different time,their activity was detected by CCK-8 method.Animal infected wound healing assay:a wound of about 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm in size was created on the back of SD rats with sterile tweezers and scissors,and then the wound was infected with P.Aeruginosa with A600nm=6.5.After the infection was completed,the wounds were treated with PAG at regular intervals,and the experiment groups were subdivided according to the different treatment durations.Wound healing photographs and changes in relative wound area were used as indicators of healing performance.Results Cell proliferation assay:PAG treatment was effective in promoting cell proliferation for a reasonable period of time,while overdose led to cell death.Therefore,the dose of cells treated with plasma activation gas was defined as=W/N(J/cell),where W is the work consumed by the activation gas device during the treatment process and N is the number of cells.The three indexes(starting dose,optimal dose and safe dose range)were used to characterize the proliferative effect of PAG.Animal infected wound healing assay:the experimental groups all showed accelerated wound healing,so the optimal treatment time was used to characterize the pro-healing effect of PAG.The sterilization mode played a primary role,with an optimal treatment time of 2 min,and the pro-healing mode played a secondary role.The treatment conditions with the best overall healing effect were 2 min for the sterilization mode and 1 min for the pro-healing mode.Conclusion PAG has the effect of promoting cell proliferation and infected wound healing,and indicators can be summarized to quantitatively describe its effect,which is conducive to further standardization of PAG research and clinical utility.

Objective To systematically explore the prescription source,prescription composition,drug origin and processing,functional indications and clinical application of the classic Tibetan medicine Sanwei Qiangwei Powder,so as to provide scientific basis for its in-depth development,rational utilization and follow-up research.Methods By using methods of literature review,the ancient and modern Tibetan medical classics and modern literature such as'Ocha Jinmai' sporadic secret collection 'Zhigong Yi Suan Ji' were retrieved,and the prescription origin,medicinal material origin,processing technology,prescription solution,usage and dosage were studied and analyzed.Results The Sanwei Qiangwei Powder originated from the 'Ocha Jinmai'(《()》)written by Qiangba Minimatongwatundan in the 15th century.The book was written much earlier than the literature included in the 'Catalogue of Ancient Classic Prescriptions(Second Batch)'-the 'Selection of Tibetan Medicine Prescriptions·Longevity Baoru' in the 19th century.The prescription consists of 15 copies of Rosa rugosa,7 copies of Herpetospermum caudigerum,and 3 copies of Terminalia chebula Retz.It plays a significant effect on hepatobiliary diseases such as biliary fever,liver fever,primary headache,and headache after drinking in clinical practice.It is the core prescription for the treatment of Chiba-type diseases and has high development value.There are differences in the use site,dosage ratio,usage and dosage of medicinal materials in different literatures,and the dosage has been clarified by textual research and expert consultation.Conclusion This study sorted out and clarified the key information of Sanwei Qiangwei Powder,which laid a theoretical foundation for the inheritance and development,innovative application and modernization research of the prescription.

Objective:To construct and verify a prognosis model of nomogram for the patients with locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).Methods:7 118 clinical cases with locally advanced OSCC from 2010 to 2015 in SEER database were in-cluded and randomly divided into training set(TS)and validation set(VS)by a 7:3 ratio.In TS,univariate and multivariate Cox proportional risk models were used to screen and determine the prognostic factors of locally advanced OSCC,and a nomogram predic-tion model was constructed to predict the cancer specific survival rate(CSS)of patients in 3 and 5 years.In TS and VS,the consis-tency index(C-index)and ROC curves were used to evaluate the differentiation of the model,the calibration curves were used to eval-uate the prediction accuracy of the model,and the decision curve analysis(DC A)method was used to evaluate the clinical applicabil-ity of the model.Results:4 984 and 2 134 cases were respectively included in TS and VS.No statistical difference of the analysis in-dexes was found between the 2 sets(P＞0.05).10 risk factors affecting the prognosis of the patients with locally advanced OSCC were identified in TS,including age,sex,race,marital status,location of onset,degree of histological differentiation,T stage,N stage,with or without operation and radiotherapy(P＜0.05).In the TS and VS,the C-index of the nomogram was 0.702 and 0.704 respectively,and the AUC of the 3-year and 5-year CSS was between 0.727 and 0.736.The calibra-tion curves showed that the 3-and 5-year CSS predicted by the nomogram model was in good agreement with the actual CSS.The DCA curves showed that the clinical benefit of the nomogram was better than that of the 7th e-dition of the AJCC TNM staging system.Conclusion:The nomogram constructed in this study can accurately predict the survival rate of OSCC patients with locally advanced tumor.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants among patients with depression at different age stages.Methods One hundred thirty five patients with depression(including 63 elderly patients aged 60 years and older,and 72 young and middle-aged patients under 60 years old)and 98 healthy controls(including 46 elderly controls aged 60 years and older,and 52 young and middle-aged controls aged under 60 years old)were enrolled.Serum levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants(uric acid,total bilirubin,albumin)were assessed.Results Multiple analysis of variance showed the main effects of depression factors on uric acid and total bilirubin were significant(P<0.05).Uric acid[(314.30±85.18)μmol/L vs.(339.68±85.27)μmol/L],total bilirubin[(12.81±6.16)μmol/L vs.(15.09±5.97)μmol/L]levels were lower in patients with depression than in controls(P<0.05).There was an interactive effect between age and depression factors on the levels of albumin(P<0.001),and the levels of albumin[(41.05±3.97)g/L vs.(46.01±4.49)g/L]were lower in group of the elderly patients with depression than those in group of the young and middle-aged patients with depression(P<0.01).Conclusion Patients with depression have abnormalities in levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants which are more severe in elderly patients.

Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal effect of spraying different formulations of niclosamide ethanolamine salt with drones against Oncomelania hupensis in ditches. Methods A semi-dry and semi-wet ditch with O. hupensis snails was selected in the second branch field of Jiangbei Farm, Jiangling County, Hubei Province in May 2023, and divided into 4 experimental areas, named groups A1, A2, B1 and B2. Environmental cleaning was performed in groups A1 and B2, and was not conducted in groups A2 or B2. Then, 50% wettable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt was sprayed with drones at an effective dose of 2 g/m² in groups A1 and A2, and 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granule was sprayed with drones at an effective dose of 2 g/m² in groups B1 and B2. O. hupensis snails were surveyed using the systematic sampling method 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 days after spraying, and the natural mortality and corrected mortality of O. hupensis snails were calculated. Results The occurrence of frames with living snails, mean density of living snails and natural mortality of snails were 97.50% (117/120), 6.30 snails/0.1 m² and 1.18% (9/765) in the test ditch before spraying, respectively. There were significant differences in the mortality of snails among four groups 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days after spraying niclosamide formulations with drones (χ² = 17.230, 51.707, 65.184, 204.050 and 34.435, all P values < 0.01). The overall mortality rates of snails were 94.51% (1 051/1 112), 79.44% (908/1 143), 96.54% (977/1 012) and 88.55% (1 021/1 153) in groups A1, A2, B1 and B2 (χ² = 207.773, P < 0.05), respectively. In addition, there was no significant difference in the overall snail mortality between groups A1 and B1 (P > 0.05), and the snail mortality in groups A1 and B1 were both statistically different from that in groups A2 and B2 (all P values < 0.05). Conclusion Both 50% wettlable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt and 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granule sprayed with drones are active against O. hupensis snails in ditches, and environmental cleaning may improve the molluscicidal effect.