Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) disrupts vascular endothelial integrity and induces atherosclerosis. Active integrin β1 plays a pivotal role in promoting EndMT by facilitating TGFβ/Smad signaling in endothelial cells. Here, we report a novel anthraquinone compound, Kanglexin (KLX), which prevented EndMT and atherosclerosis by activating MAP4K4 and suppressing integrin β1/TGFβ signaling. First, KLX effectively counteracted the EndMT phenotype and mitigated the dysregulation of endothelial and mesenchymal markers induced by TGFβ1. Second, KLX suppressed TGFβ/Smad signaling by inactivating integrin β1 and inhibiting the polymerization of TGFβR1/2. The underlying mechanism involved the activation of FGFR1 by KLX, resulting in the phosphorylation of MAP4K4 and Moesin, which led to integrin β1 inactivation by displacing Talin from its β-tail. Oral administration of KLX effectively stimulated endothelial FGFR1 and inhibited integrin β1, thereby preventing vascular EndMT and attenuating plaque formation and progression in the aorta of atherosclerotic Apoe^-/- mice. Notably, KLX (20 mg/kg) exhibited superior efficacy compared with atorvastatin, a clinically approved lipid-regulating drug. In conclusion, KLX exhibited potential in ameliorating EndMT and retarding the formation and progression of atherosclerosis through direct activation of FGFR1. Therefore, KLX is a promising candidate for the treatment of atherosclerosis to mitigate vascular endothelial injury.
Animals ; Atherosclerosis/prevention & control* ; Mice ; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Anthraquinones/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Integrin beta1/metabolism* ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/drug effects* ; Male ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/drug effects*

Objective To explore the efficacy of debridement combined with antibiotic-loaded artificial bone in the treatment of clavicular osteomyelitis.Methods The data of 45 patients with clavicle osteomyelitis admitted to Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital(Henan Orthopedic Hospital)in Henan Province from January 2012 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.They were divided into treatment group(n = 24)treated with debridement combined with antibiotic-loaded artificial bone,and control group(n = 21)treated with debridement.We compared the operation time,the duration of drainage tube placement,wound healing time,white blood cells(WBC),C-reactive protein(CRP),and erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR)in the two groups.Preoperative visual analog scores(VAS)and VAS 1 month after operation,and preoperative Constant-Murley score(CMS)and CMS 12 months after operation were observed.Infections,recurrence and complications in the two groups were recorded in the follow-up.Results All the 45 patients completed the surgery successfully and were followed up for 13 to 35 months,with an average of(23.53±5.11)months.The operation time and the duration of drainage tube place-ment of the treatment group were longer than those of the control group(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in the wound healing time(P>0.05);preoperative and 14-day postoperative WBC,CRP,and ESR,VAS 1 month after operation,and CMS 12 months after operation were all significantly improved in the two groups.The differences were all statistically significant(P<0.05),and the CMS of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).During the follow-up,there were less cases of infection recurrence in the treatment group when compared with that in the control group(2/24,8.33%vs.5/21,23.81%).There were 2 cases of aseptic exudation in the treatment group.There were 1 case of bone defect in the treatment group and 5 in the control group,all of which had healed after the second-stage iliac implantation,and the rest did not have the complication of aseptic exudation,bone defects and pathologic fracture.Conclusion Debridement and antibiotic-loaded artificial bone can effectively control the infection and preserve the shape and function of the clavicle,with a low recurrence rate of postoperative infection,simple surgical operation,and no serious complications.It is wor-thy of clinical promotion.

This paper introduced the management of focus drugs in Ningbo, and evaluated the preliminary results by comparing the changes in terms of the income of these drugs before and after the measures taken. More measures should be taken by establishing a unified drug catalogue, strengthening the assessment, carrying prescription comment and periodic notification. The pharmacists can play a leading role in clinical rational drug use. These efforts can serve for scientific control of the unreasonable growth of medical expenses.

The bursa of Fabricius (BF) is a central humoral immune organ unique to birds. Four bursal peptides (BP-I, BP-II, BP-III, and BP-IV) have been isolated and identified from the BF. In this study, the immunoadjuvant activities of BPs I to IV were examined in mice immunized with H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) vaccine. The results suggested that BP-I effectively enhanced cell-mediated immune responses, increased the secretion of Th1 (interferon gamma)- and Th2 (interleukin-4)-type cytokines, and induced an improved cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response to the H9N2 virus. BP-II mainly elevated specific antibody production, especially neutralizing antibodies, and increased Th1- and Th2-type cytokine secretion. BP-III had no significant effect on antibody production or cell-mediated immune responses compared to those in the control group. A strong immune response at both the humoral and cellular levels was induced by BP-IV. Furthermore, a virus challenge experiment followed by H&E staining revealed that BP-I and BP-II promoted removal of the virus and conferred protection in mouse lungs. BP-IV significantly reduced viral titers and histopathological changes and contributed to protection against H9N2 AIV challenge in mouse lungs. This study further elucidated the immunoadjuvant activities of BPs I to IV, providing a novel insight into immunoadjuvants for use in vaccine design.
Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibody Formation ; Birds ; Bursa of Fabricius ; Cytokines ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunity, Humoral ; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype ; Influenza in Birds ; Lung ; Mice ; Peptides ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic

Objective To report retrograde transposition of composite tissue flap pedicled with peroneal artery in the treatment of bone and soft tissue defects following calcaneal osteomyelitis.Methods During the period from January 2008 through January 2015,47 patients with bone and soft tissue defects following calcaneal osteomyelitis were treated by retrograde transposition of composite tissue flap pedicled with peroneal artery.They were 43 men and 4 women,aged from 24 to 67 years(average,43.6 years).After radical focus debridement,the areas of skin defect ranged from 2 cm × 2 cm to 5 cm× 5 cm and the bone defects ranged from 1.5 cm × 1.0 cm × 2.0 cm to 3.0 cm × 3.0 cm × 4.5 cm.Results All the 47 patients were followed up for 6 to 72 months (average,25.2 months).Relapse of osteomyelitis occurred in 2 cases but secondary bone graft was needed in none.All the patients recovered their walking function.The texture and color of the composite tissue flaps were similar to those of normal skin,without obvious swelling.The flaps appeared good and imposed no obstacle to wearing shoes.The ankles and hind feet of the patients scored from 58 to 91 points (average,76.6 points) according to the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) evaluation system,giving 7 excellent,32 good and 8 fair cases.Hallux flexion contracture without skin ulcer was observed in 10 cases 6 months after surgery,necessitating no surgical intervention.Conclusion Retrograde transposition of composite tissue flap pedicled with peroneal artery can effectively treat bone and soft tissue defects following calcaneal osteomyelitis,leading to a low recurrence rate and good foot appearance.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the content determination of zolpidem tartrate in microsamples of rat plas-ma. METHODS:Rats were given zolpidem tartrate solution 3 mg/kg intragastrically,and 0.2 ml blood sample were collected and isolated. 50 μl plasma was precipitated by methanol,and the supernatant was determined by HPLC-fluorescence combined with ex-ternal method. Agilent HC-C18 column was used with mobile phase consisted of 0.03 mol/L KH2PO4 solution(containing 0.2% tri-ethylamine)-methanol (33∶67,V/V) at flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The excitation and emission wavelengths were 254 nm and 390 nm,respectively. The sample size was 20 μl. RESULTS:The linear ranges of zolpidem tartrate in plasma was 2-200 μg/L(r=0.999 7),and the limit of quantification was 2 μg/L. The method recoveries of zolpidem were (96.96 ± 1.35)%-(105.0 ± 5.36)%(RSD=2.20%-4.88%,n=5),and extraction recoveries were (79.72 ± 0.01)%-(80.77 ± 0.02)%(RSD=1.34%-3.90%,n=5). The intra-day and inter-day RSDs were 1.40%-5.10% and 3.22%-9.25%(n=5),respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,sensitive and suitable for the content determination of zolpidem tartrate in microsamples of plasma.

Objective; To evaluate the reliability and reasonability of maxillofacial skin color match using the digital camera. Methods; The stability of the experimental light source was evaluated before establishing the color measurement. 122 volunteers aged from 22 to 32 years were recorded by a Canon EOS 20D digital camera in studio environment when the light source was stable. Photographs were taken under a set exposure parameters(f/4.5,1/25 s,custom white balance,ISO 800) and saved as JPEG format. The CIE L~* a~* b~* color values were obtained from the digital images using Adobe Photoshop7.0 after color correction. All data were analyzed using SPSS 10. 0. Results;The experimental light source was stable in 21 to 70 minutes. It was suitable for color measurement during this period. The color parameters of all tested maxillofacial skin were:L~*49～66,a~*7 - 18,b~*5 -22. Conclusion;The assessment of maxillofacial skin color depend on method of measurement and instrument. The method of maxillofacial skin color matching by digital camera seems reliable.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for the determination of nitrofurazone in nitrofurazone and zinc oxide liniment. METHODS: The content of nitrofurazone was determined by UV spectrophotometry. The solvent was water and the wavelength was 375nm. RESULTS: There was good linear relationship within the concentration range of 1.05～12.60?g?mL-1(r=0.999 8). The average recovery was 100.9%,RSD=0.07%. CONCLUSION: The method was sensitive, accurate, reliable, reproducible, and suitable for quality control of nitrofurazone in nitrofurazone and zinc oxide liniment.

[Objective] Explore the combination therapy to lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion on clinical efficacy.[Methods]Treat a total of 206 cases of lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion.All cases were diagnosed by CT location;Use automatic lumbar traction bed,manipulation and cheirapsis,Chinese Fomentation,intraspinal injection and intravenous drug delivery,with functional exercise.[Results] 192 cases of patients with follow-up,period 8 months,148 cases curable,32 cases markedly,improvement in 9 cases,3 cases invalid.The total effective rate 98.43%.[Conclusion] The comprehensive treatment of Chinese and western medicine will enable the majority of patients with lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion be more satisfied with the treatment effect.

Traditional Chinese herbal medicines have been used for treating various ailments since medicine be- gan.The belief that natural products are much safer than synthetic drugs has led to dramatic growth of herbal medi- cine usage.Like synthetic drugs,herbal preparations also have potential to cause adverse effects and drug interac- tions.In this paper,pharmacokinetic studies on herb- drug interactions are reviewed and discussed in order to promote usage of herbs rationally and safely.