In 2022， Hainan provincial government launched the project for the prevention and control of viral hepatitis with the goals of a hepatitis B screening rate of 90%， a diagnostic rate of 90%， and a treatment rate of 80% among people aged 18 years and above by the year 2025， and the main intervention measures include population-based prevention， case screening， antiviral therapy， and health management. As of December 31， 2024， a total of 6.875 million individuals in the general population had been screened for hepatitis B， with a screening rate of 95.6%. A total of 184 710 individuals with positive HBsAg were identified， among whom 156 772 were diagnosed through serological reexamination， resulting in a diagnostic rate of 84.9%. A total of 50 742 patients with chronic hepatitis B were identified， among whom 42 921 had hepatitis B-specific health records established for health management， with a file establishment rate of 84.6%. A total of 31 553 individuals received antiviral therapy， with a treatment rate of 62.2%. A total of 2.503 million individuals at a high risk of hepatitis C were screened， among whom 4 870 tested positive for HCV antibody and 3 858 underwent HCV RNA testing， resulting in a diagnostic rate of 79.2%， and 1 824 individuals with positive HCV RNA were identified， among whom 1 194 received antiviral therapy， with a treatment rate of 65.5%. In addition， 159 301 individuals with negative HBsAg and anti-HBs and an age of 20 — 40 years were inoculated with hepatitis B vaccine free of charge. Through the implementation of the project for the prevention and control of viral hepatitis， a large number of hepatitis patients have been identified， treated， and managed in the province within a short period of time， which significantly accelerates the efforts to eliminate the crisis of viral hepatitis.

Objective: To investigate the willingness to accept preventive treatments and its related factors among college freshmen with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), so as to provide the evidence for preventive treatment intervention measures for students with LTBI. Methods: Cluster sampling method was used to select 368 LTBI freshmen from 8 colleges and universities in Changzhou in September 2023, who conducted a questionnaire survey on the willingness to receive preventive treatment. General demographic data were collected and relevant data were collected using tuberculosis knowledge scale, General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection and Resolve (APGAR), and a self developed Stigma Scale. A binary Logistic regression model was constructed with the willingness to accept preventive treatment as the dependent variable to analyze the willingness to accept preventive treatment and the influencing factors. Results: A total of 253 LTBI college freshmen were willing to take preventive treatment, the acceptance rate was 68.75%. The rate of willingness to accept preventive treatment for LTBI was higher among students whose fathers had an education level of high school, compared to those whose fathers had an education level of junior high school or below ( OR =2.16, P <0.05). LTBI students whose per capita family income was >5 000-10 000 yuan and >10 000 yuan were more willing to accept LTBI preventive treatment than those whose per capita family income was <3 000 yuan ( OR =2.72, 4.46, P <0.05). LTBI students who engaged in physical exercise for more than 2 hours per week were more willing to accept than those who exercised less than 0.5 hours per week ( OR =1.91, P <0.05). LTBI students with high levels of tuberculosis knowledge and stigma were more likely to receive preventive treatment ( OR =1.18, 1.11, P < 0.05). LTBI students with high PHQ-9 ( OR =0.85) and GAD-7 ( OR =0.92) scores were more likely to refuse preventive treatment ( P <0.05). Conclusion The present study revealed a moderate level of willingness of LTBI students to preventive treatment in Changzhou City, and the acceptance is affected by family factors, healthy lifestyles, tuberculosis knowledge and psychological status.

Sulforaphane is a naturally occurring active substance derived from cruciferous vegetables with potent antioxidant and anticancer properties. Researches have shown that sulforaphane has good bioavailability and can be absorbed by the small intestine through passive transport, followed by excretion in the form of urine via the hydrophobic acid pathway. In addition, since sulforaphane is easy to be absorbed and metabolized, wrapping sulforaphane with nanomaterials can improve its bioavailability and stability, prolong its action time in human body, and better utilize its therapeutic effect. In terms of mechanism of action, sulforaphane can activate Nrf2 and HSF1 signaling pathways, induce the expression of phase II detoxification enzymes HO-1, NADPH, GST and HSP, thus regulating the concentration of oxidative stress ROS in vivo; inhibit NF-κB signaling pathway, thus suppressing the expression of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6; regulate epigenetic modifications, thus inhibiting HDAC and DNMT, and increasing the concentration of histone H3 and H4. By regulating the expression levels of the above factors, sulforaphane can affect the occurrence and development of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and other diseases. In recent years, several phase I/II clinical trials have shown that sulforaphane has good drug-generating properties. For example, researchers have found that patients with skin cancer have not shown any health problems and their corresponding functional problems have improved greatly after long-term use of sulforaphane. This suggests that in the future sulforaphane has a very high medicinal potential for the treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In this paper, we review the pharmacokinetics, target of action and safety of sulforaphane and its research progress in tumor and neurodegenerative diseases to provide a reference for the future application of sulforaphane in the treatment of tumor and neurodegenerative diseases.

Objective This study aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of Shenling Baizhu Granules in treating low anterior resection syndrome(LARS)in rectal cancer.Methods The study employed a randomized,double-blind,placebo-parallel controlled,single-center,validity-tested clinical trial design.December 2019 to June 2022,the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Peking University First Hospital recruited 110 patients who had undergone low anterior resection(LAR)for rectal cancer and subsequently developed LARS.These patients,meeting the enrollment criteria,were randomly assigned into the treatment group(55)and the control group(55)using the double-blind method principle.The randomization table was generated by SAS 9.2 software employing the double-blind method.The treatment group received oral Shenling Baizhu Granules,while the control group received oral placebo granules.Both groups commenced treatment on the 10th day after-surgery for 30 consecutive days.Patients were evaluated using LARS score,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)symptom grading,and XU Zhongfa score before treatment,on the 15th day of treatment,and on the 1st day after treatment cessation.Results Out of 110 patients,107 were included in the full analysis set for efficacy analysis:55 patients in the treatment group and 55 patients in the control group.One case in the treatment group was excluded(against protocol),and two cases in the control group were excluded(one lost to follow-up,one against protocol).Baseline data between the two groups were consistent,with no statistically significant difference.Before treatment,LARS scores for the treatment and control groups were 33.0(31.0,36.0)and 34.0(32.0,37.0)respectively.Patients with TCM symptom scores of grades 2 to 3 accounted for 92.73％and 90.57％in the treatment and control groups,respectively,with no statistically significant difference.After 30 days of treatment,LARS scores for the treatment and control groups were 21.0(19.8,23.0)and 26.0(22.0,28.0)respectively.The percentage of patients with TCM symptom scores of grades 2 to 3 decreased to 33.33％in the treatment group and 66.04％in the control group,with a statistically significant difference.Shenling Baizhu Granules showed rapid improvement in watery or loose stools in post-operative rectal cancer patients.After 30 days of treatment,Shenling Baizhu Granules significantly improved appetite,stool consistency,abdominal distension,abdominal pain,and eructation symptoms in postoperative rectal cancer patients.Before treatment,the XU Zhongfa scores for the treatment and control groups were 3.0(2.0,4.3)and 4.0(2.0,4.0)respectively,with no statistically significant difference.After 30 days of treatment,the XU Zhongfa scores for the treatment and control groups were 7.0(6.0,8.0)and 6.0(5.0,7.0)respectively,with the treatment group significantly higher than the control group(P＜0.01).Conclusion Shenling Baizhu Granules can effectively improve LARS symptoms in patients following LAR of rectal cancer within a short period of time.

Bone formation and deposition are initiated by sensory nerve infiltration in adaptive bone remodeling. Here, we focused on the role of Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), expressed by sensory nerves, in mechanical loads-induced bone formation and nerve withdrawal using orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) model. Firstly, bone formation was activated after the 3rd day of OTM, coinciding with a decrease in sensory nerves and an increase in pain threshold. Sema3A, rather than nerve growth factor (NGF), highly expressed in both trigeminal ganglion and the axons of periodontal ligament following the 3rd day of OTM. Moreover, in vitro mechanical loads upregulated Sema3A in neurons instead of in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) within 24 hours. Furthermore, exogenous Sema3A restored the suppressed alveolar bone formation and the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs induced by mechanical overload. Mechanistically, Sema3A prevented overstretching of F-actin induced by mechanical overload through ROCK2 pathway, maintaining mitochondrial dynamics as mitochondrial fusion. Therefore, Sema3A exhibits dual therapeutic effects in mechanical loads-induced bone formation, both as a pain-sensitive analgesic and a positive regulator for bone formation.
Humans ; Bone Remodeling ; Cell Differentiation ; Osteogenesis ; Semaphorin-3A/pharmacology* ; Trigeminal Ganglion/metabolism*

ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effect of Baihe Wuyaotang （BWT） on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） and elucidate its underlying mechanism. MethodC57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to six groups： normal control， model， positive drug （pioglitazone hydrochloride 1.95×10^-3 g·kg^-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose BWT （1.3，2.5 and 5.1 g·kg^-1）. Following a 12-week high-fat diet （HFD） inducement， the mice underwent six weeks of therapeutic intervention with twice-daily drug administration. Body weight was monitored weekly throughout the treatment period. At the fifth week， glucose tolerance （GTT） and insulin tolerance （ITT） tests were conducted. Subsequently， the mice were euthanized for the collection of liver tissue and serum， and the subcutaneous adipose tissue （iWAT） and epididymal adipose tissue （eWAT） were weighed. Serum levels of total triglycerides （TG） and liver function indicators，such as alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， were determined. Histological examinations， including oil red O staining， hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， Masson staining， and transmission electron microscopy， were performed to evaluate hepatic lipid deposition， pathological morphology， and ultrastructural changes， respectively. Meanwhile， Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） were employed to analyze alterations， at both gene and protein levels， the insulin signaling pathway molecules， including insulin receptor substrate 1/2/protein kinase B/forkhead box gene O1 （IRS1/2/Akt/FoxO1）， glycogen synthesis enzymes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase （Pepck） and glucose-6-phosphatase （G6Pase）， lipid metabolism-related genes stearoyl-coA desaturase-1 （SCD-1） and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 （CPT-1）， fibrosis-associated molecules α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）， type Ⅰ collagen （CollagenⅠ）， and the fibrosis canonical signaling pathway transforming growth factor-β₁/drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein2/3（TGF-β₁/p-Smad/Smad2/3）， inflammatory factors such as interleukin（IL）-6， IL-8， IL-11， and IL-1β， autophagy markers LC3B Ⅱ/Ⅰ and p62/SQSTM1， and the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR）. ResultCompared with the model group， BWT reduced the body weight and liver weight of NAFLD mice（P<0.05， P<0.01）， inhibited liver lipid accumulation， and reduced the weight of white fat： it reduced the weight of eWAT and iWAT（P<0.05， P<0.01） as well as the serum TG content（P<0.05， P<0.01）. BWT improved the liver function as reflected by the reduced ALT and AST content（P<0.05， P<0.01）. It improved liver insulin resistance by upregulating IRS2， p-Akt/Akt， p-FoxO1/FoxO1 expressions（P<0.05）. Besides， it improved glucose and lipid metabolism disorders： it reduced fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose（P<0.05， P<0.01）， improved GTT and ITT（P<0.05， P<0.01）， reduced the expression of Pepck， G6Pase， and SCD-1（P<0.01）， and increased the expression of CPT-1（P<0.01）. The expressions of α-SMA， Collagen1， and TGF-β₁ proteins were down-regulated（P<0.05， P<0.01）， while the expression of p-Smad/Smad2/3 was downregulated（P<0.05）， suggesting BWT reduced liver fibrosis. BWT inhibited inflammation-related factors as it reduced the gene expression of IL-6， IL-8， IL-11 and IL-1β（P<0.01） and it enhanced autophagy by upregulating LC3B Ⅱ/Ⅰ expression（P<0.05）while downregulating the expression of p62/SQSTM1 and mTOR（P<0.05）. ConclusionBWT ameliorates NAFLD by multifaceted improvements， including improving IR and glucose and lipid metabolism， anti-inflammation， anti-fibrosis， and enhancing autophagy. In particular， BWT may enhance liver autophagy by inhibiting the mTOR-mediated signaling pathway.

Schistosomiasis was once hyper-endemic in Yunnan Province. Following concerted efforts for over 70 years, remarkable achievements have been made for schistosomiasis control in the province. In 2004, the Mid- and Long-term Plan for Schistosomiasis Prevention and Control in Yunnan Province was initiated in Yunnan Province, and the target for transmission control of schistosomiasis was achieved in the province in 2009. Following the subsequent implementation of the Outline for Key Projects in Integrated Schistosomiasis Control Program (2009—2015) and the 13th Five - year Plan for Schistosomiasis Control in Yunnan Province, no acute schistosomiasis had been identified in Yunnan Province for successive 12 years, and no local Schistosoma japonicum infections had been detected in humans, animals or Oncomelania hupensis snails for successive 6 years in the province by the end of 2020. The transmission of schistosomiasis was interrupted in Yunnan Province in 2020. This review summarizes the history of schistosomiasis, changes in schistosomiasis prevalence and progress of schistosomiasis control in Yunnan Province, and proposes the future priorities for schistosomiasis control in the province.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of low-dose inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) in the treatment of severe hypoxemia after Sun’s operation. Methods The clinical data of patients undergoing Sun’s operation for acute Type A aortic dissection in our hospital from January 2020 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients who received conventional treatment before November 2021 were enrolled as a control group. After November 2021, iNO was used in our hospital, and the patients who received iNO as an iNO group. The preoperative clinical baseline data, perioperative clinical data and oxygenation index were compared between the two groups. Results A total of 54 patients were included in the control group, including 45 males and 9 females, with an average age of 53.0±10.9 years. A total of 27 patients were included in the iNO group, including 21 males and 6 females, with an average age of 52.0±10.6 years. The preoperative body mass index of the two groups was greater than 25 kg/m2, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein were significantly higher than normal level, but there was no statistical difference between the groups (P＞0.05). There were no statistical differences in intraoperative data between the two groups (P＞0.05). The iNO group had significantly shorter duration of mechanical ventilation, postoperative ICU stay, and postoperative hospital stay than the control group (P<0.001). After 12 h of iNO treatment, hypoxic condition improved obviously, oxygenation indices in 12 h, 24 h, 36 h,48 h, 60 h and 72 h in the iNO group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The treatment of severe hypoxemia after Sun’s surgery with low-dose of iNO is safe and effective, can significantly improve oxygenation function, and has significant advantages in shortening ventilator use time, postoperative ICU stay and postoperative hospital stay, but it is not significant in changing postoperative mortality.

Objective: To explore the changes in ribosomal DNA copy number in peripheral blood among patients with pneumoconiosis and its influencing factors, so as to provide insights into prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis. Methods: Eighty-eight patients with pneumoconiosis who visited a designated hospital and 71 community residents with no history of pneumoconiosis or dust exposure were selected as the pneumoconiosis group and control group, and age, smoking history, drinking history and cumulative years of exposure to dust were collected through questionnaire surveys. The copy number of 45S rDNA and 5S rDNA was detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, and the differences between the two groups were compared. Factors affecting the copy number of 45S rDNA and 5S rDNA were identified by a multiple linear regression model. Results: The pneumoconiosis group had a median age of 56.00 (interquartile range, 15.25) and a mean cumulative dust exposure duration of (12.40±8.08) years, with 56.82% smoking and 62.50% drinking. The control group had a median age of 64.00 (interquartile range, 37.00) years, with 32.39% smoking and 26.76% drinking. The median copy number of 45S rDNA in the pneumoconiosis group was 1.29 (interquartile range, 0.59), which was lower than 2.10 (interquartile range, 1.88) in the control group; the median copy number of 5S rDNA in the pneumoconiosis group was 5.33 (interquartile range, 0.85), which was higher than 4.66 (1.34) in the control group (both P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis identified age (β=-0.034) and pneumoconiosis (β=-1.595) as factors affecting 45S rDNA copy number, age (β=-0.013) as a factor affecting 5S rDNA copy number, and age (β=0.018) as a factor affecting 5S rDNA copy number in the pneumoconiosis group (all P<0.05). Conclusions Compared with community residents with no history of pneumoconiosis or dust exposure, the copy number of 45S rDNA in peripheral blood among patients with pneumoconiosis is reduced and the copy number of 5S rDNA is increased.

BACKGROUND:With computer-aided design,melt electrowriting technology can precisely construct 3D tissue engineering scaffolds with specific morphology,which has attracted increasing attention in tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE:To elaborate on the progress of melt electrowriting technology in tissue engineering in recent years. METHODS:PubMed and CNKI were used to retrieve articles about applications of melt electrowriting technology in tissue engineering.The search time was from March 2008 to February 2023.The search terms were"melt electrowriting,melt electrospinning,electrospinning,tissue engineering,scaffold,regeneration"in English and"melt electrowriting,electrospinning,tissue engineering"in Chinese.A preliminary screening of articles was performed by reading the titles and abstracts.Finally,69 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Melt electrowriting technology can achieve precise layer-by-layer deposition of fibers compared to traditional electrospinning technology,which better simulates the complex structure of natural tissues.Compared to other 3D printing technologies,smaller-diameter fibers can be prepared by melt electrowriting technology,resulting in highly ordered porous structures.(2)By combining with other scaffold preparation techniques or materials,such as fused deposition modeling,solution electrospinning technology,and hydrogel,melt electrowriting technology shows great potential in preparing complex tissue engineering scaffolds,which provides certain possibilities for achieving complex tissue regeneration.(3)The regeneration of complex tissues often involves blood vessels,nerves,and soft and hard tissues at the same time.The regeneration of blood vessels and nerves is of great significance to realize the physiological reconstruction of tissues.However,soft and hard tissues have certain difficulties to realize the coordinated regeneration of both due to their different biological and mechanical properties.Melt electrowriting technology has certain advantages in the field of bionic scaffolds due to its good biocompatibility,the ability to prepare multi-scale scaffolds and high porosity.