AIM To optimize the extraction process for Jiangzhi Ligan Decoction,and to investigate its effects on improving lipid deposition in HepG2 cells.METHODS With extraction time,extraction frequency and solvent consumption as influencing factors,comprehensive score for tanshensu,lotine,catechin contents and extract yield as an evaluation index,the extraction process was optimized by Box-Behnken response surface method on the basis of single factor test.Palmitic acid-induced HepG2 cells were adopted in the establishment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease model,after which the effect of drug-containing serum on TC and TG levels was investigated.RESULTS The optimal conditions were determined to be 90 min for extraction time,three times for extraction frequency,and 11 times for solvent consumption.Compared with the control group,the model group demonstrated increased TG,TC levels(P＜0.01);compared with the model group,the Jiangzhi Ligan Decoction high-dose group displayed decreased TG,TC levels(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),especially for those after optimization(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION Jiangzhi Ligan Decoction can alleviate lipid deposition in HepG2 cells induced by palmitic acid,whose efficacy after extraction process optimization is better than that reported in literature.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

AIM To optimize the extraction process for Jiangzhi Ligan Decoction,and to investigate its effects on improving lipid deposition in HepG2 cells.METHODS With extraction time,extraction frequency and solvent consumption as influencing factors,comprehensive score for tanshensu,lotine,catechin contents and extract yield as an evaluation index,the extraction process was optimized by Box-Behnken response surface method on the basis of single factor test.Palmitic acid-induced HepG2 cells were adopted in the establishment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease model,after which the effect of drug-containing serum on TC and TG levels was investigated.RESULTS The optimal conditions were determined to be 90 min for extraction time,three times for extraction frequency,and 11 times for solvent consumption.Compared with the control group,the model group demonstrated increased TG,TC levels(P＜0.01);compared with the model group,the Jiangzhi Ligan Decoction high-dose group displayed decreased TG,TC levels(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),especially for those after optimization(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION Jiangzhi Ligan Decoction can alleviate lipid deposition in HepG2 cells induced by palmitic acid,whose efficacy after extraction process optimization is better than that reported in literature.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective To investigate the effect of microplastic(MPs)exposure on learning and memory in mice,and its mechanism by observing the protein expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)/tyrosine receptor kinase B(TrkB)/N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtype 2B(NR2B)signaling pathway and neurogenesis.Methods Forty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group(Ctrl)and microplastics exposure group(MPs).Mice in MPs group were treated with 0.3 mg/(kg·d)microplastics,administered by gavage at a volume of 200 μl for 30 consecutive days.Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the spatial learning and memory ability of mice.Western blotting was used to detect the protein levels of BDNF,TrkB and NR2B in hippocampus of mice.Immunofluorescent staining was used to observe the number of doublecortin(DCX)and neuronal nuclei antigen(NeuN)positive cells in the hippocampus of mice to evaluate hippocampal neurogenesis.Results Compared with the control group,the ability of learning and memory decreased significantly in MPs group mice(P＜0.01).The expression levels of BDNF,TrkB and NR2B in the hippocampus of MPs group mice were significantly lower than those of control group(P＜0.05).The number of DCX and NeuN positive cells in the hippocampus of MPs group was significantly lower than that of control group(P＜0.01).Conclusion MPs exposure induces learning and memory impairment which may be related to inhibiting BDNF/TrkB/NR2B signaling pathway and reducing hippocampal neurogenesis.

AIM:To examine the predictive perfor-mance of the PPK software JPKD for the steady-state concentrations of amikacin and recommend the applicable conditions under fixed daily dosage of 400 mg and 600 mg.METHODS:Inpatients using amikacin in the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University from July 2022 to February 2024 were enrolled,and the measured concentra-tions of amikacin were detected by LC-MS/MS;Ver-ified the predictive performance of JPKD software for peak and trough concentrations of amikacin;JP-KD software was applied to predict the steady-state concentrations of amikacin in the patients at the infusion time of 0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5,and 3.0 h,and then compared the variability of steady-state concentrations with different levels of renal function at optimal infusion time,then the C max/MIC values were measured.RESULTS:A total of 69 patients were enrolled,including 18 patients with steady state trough concentrations and 17 patients with steady state peak concentrations.It was found that JPKD had a poor predictive ability for steady state trough concentrations but a good predictive ability for peak concentrations,the WRES＜10％be-tween predictive and measured concentrations,and a strong correlation existed between them(r=0.806).With the shortening infusion time,the high-er peak concentrations.The predicted peak concen-trations at 0.5 h and 1.0 h infusion time groups were(34.81±6.87)μg/mL and(32.51±6.07)μg/mL,respectively.With the decline of the renal function,the peak concentrations showed a increasing trend.On the same level of renal function,the peak concentrations in the 600 mg group was high-er than that of the 400 mg group.When MIC ≤2 μg/mL,400 mg daily dose was chosen;when MIC=4 μg/mL,400 mg daily dose could be used for CKD3b stage patients,and 600 mg daily dose could be used for CKD1,CKD2,and CKD3a stage patients;when MIC=8 μg/mL,it was predicted that a higher dose was needed to achieve the expected target.CONCLUSION:Amikacin is preferably administered intravenously for 0.5 to 1.0 h,fixed daily doses of 400 mg and 600 mg are indicated for some pa-tients according to the target bacterial MIC and re-nal function.

Objective To investigate the associations of reproductive health indicators with lung function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)among women aged 40 years and above.Methods From Jul to Sep,2021,female subjects aged 40 years and above were randomly selected from the Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort and Biobank for COPD screening.A questionnaire was used to obtain information on demographic characteristics and reproductive health indicators.Linear regression was used to analyze the effects of reproductive health indicators on forced vital capacity(FVC)and forced expiratory volume in the first second(FEV1).Logistic regression was also used to analyze the effects of reproductive health factors on FVC as a percentage of the predicted value(FVC%Pred)and FEV1%Pred as well as on COPD.Results A total of 1876 women aged 40 years and above were enrolled with mean age of(62.1±8.2)years old,among them,78.1%were menopausal,and 40.9%had been pregnant≥3 times.Multivariate analysis showed that FVC and FEV1 decreased in postmenopausal women,but menopause was not associated with a decrease in their percentage of predicted values.Pregnancies≥3 times was a risk factor for COPD(for 3 times,OR=4.92,95%CI:1.48-19.95,P<0.05;for≥4 times,OR=9.06,95%CI:2.32-41.57,P<0.01),while pregnancies of 2 times did not increase the risk of COPD.Conclusion In women aged 40 years and above,menopause is associated with poorer FVC and FEV1,and excessive pregnancy(≥3 times)is a risk factor for COPD.

AIM:To examine the predictive perfor-mance of the PPK software JPKD for the steady-state concentrations of amikacin and recommend the applicable conditions under fixed daily dosage of 400 mg and 600 mg.METHODS:Inpatients using amikacin in the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University from July 2022 to February 2024 were enrolled,and the measured concentra-tions of amikacin were detected by LC-MS/MS;Ver-ified the predictive performance of JPKD software for peak and trough concentrations of amikacin;JP-KD software was applied to predict the steady-state concentrations of amikacin in the patients at the infusion time of 0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5,and 3.0 h,and then compared the variability of steady-state concentrations with different levels of renal function at optimal infusion time,then the C max/MIC values were measured.RESULTS:A total of 69 patients were enrolled,including 18 patients with steady state trough concentrations and 17 patients with steady state peak concentrations.It was found that JPKD had a poor predictive ability for steady state trough concentrations but a good predictive ability for peak concentrations,the WRES＜10％be-tween predictive and measured concentrations,and a strong correlation existed between them(r=0.806).With the shortening infusion time,the high-er peak concentrations.The predicted peak concen-trations at 0.5 h and 1.0 h infusion time groups were(34.81±6.87)μg/mL and(32.51±6.07)μg/mL,respectively.With the decline of the renal function,the peak concentrations showed a increasing trend.On the same level of renal function,the peak concentrations in the 600 mg group was high-er than that of the 400 mg group.When MIC ≤2 μg/mL,400 mg daily dose was chosen;when MIC=4 μg/mL,400 mg daily dose could be used for CKD3b stage patients,and 600 mg daily dose could be used for CKD1,CKD2,and CKD3a stage patients;when MIC=8 μg/mL,it was predicted that a higher dose was needed to achieve the expected target.CONCLUSION:Amikacin is preferably administered intravenously for 0.5 to 1.0 h,fixed daily doses of 400 mg and 600 mg are indicated for some pa-tients according to the target bacterial MIC and re-nal function.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of humanized anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody for steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease (SR-aGVHD) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) recipients. Methods: A total of 64 patients with SR-aGVHD between June 2019 and October 2020 in Suchow Hopes Hematology Hospital were enrolled in this study. Humanized anti-CD25 monoclonal antibodies 1 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1) were administered on days 1, 3, and 8, and then once per week according to the disease progression. Efficacy was assessed at days 7, 14, and 28 after humanized anti-CD 25 treatment. Results: Of the 64 patients with a median age of 31 (15-63) years, 38 (59.4%) were male and 26 (40.6%) were female. The overall response (OR) rate of the humanized CD25 monoclonal antibody in 64 patients with SR-aGVHD on days 7, 14, and 28 were 48.4% (31/64), 53.1% (34/64), and 79.7% (51/64), respectively. Liver involvement is an independent risk factor for poor efficacy of humanized CD25 monoclonal antibody for SR-aGVHD at day 28 (OR=9.588, 95% CI 0.004-0.291, P=0.002). The median follow-up time for all patients was 17.1 (0.2-50.8) months from the start of humanized CD25 monoclonal antibody therapy. The 1- and 2-year OS rates were 63.2% (95% CI 57.1% -69.3%) and 52.6% (95% CI 46.1% -59.1%), respectively. The 1- and 2-year DFS rates were 58.4% (95% CI 52.1% -64.7%) and 49.8% (95% CI 43.4% -56.2%), respectively. The 1- and 2-year NRM rates were 28.8% (95% CI 23.1% -34.5%) and 32.9% (95% CI 26.8% -39.0%), respectively. The results of the multifactorial analysis showed that liver involvement (OR=0.308, 95% CI 0.108-0.876, P=0.027) and GVHD grade Ⅲ/Ⅳ (OR=9.438, 95% CI 1.211-73.577, P=0.032) were independent risk factors for OS. Conclusion: Humanized CD25 monoclonal antibody has good efficacy and safety for SR-aGVHD. This study shows that SR-aGVHD with pretreatment grade Ⅲ/Ⅳ GVHD and GVHD involving the liver has poor efficacy and prognosis and requires early intervention.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Acute Disease ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use* ; Graft vs Host Disease/therapy* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects* ; Retrospective Studies ; Salvage Therapy/methods* ; Steroids ; Adolescent ; Young Adult

Humans ; Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/therapy* ; T-Lymphocytes ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive ; Antigens, CD19