Tuberculosis (TB), a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is primarily airborne and remains a global health problem, especially in resource-limited countries and regions. The emergence of drug resistance in M. tuberculosis has rendered the existing means ineffective in the treatment of TB. Therefore, research in new therapeutic directions has become imperative. In this review, we outline functional peptides in terms of the mechanisms of action, anti-TB attempts, advantages and disadvantages, and latest advances, aiming to analyze the research progress in anti-TB peptides. Furthermore, we investigate the potential applications of bioactive compounds found in traditional Chinese Medicine within the context of peptides.

Aromatherapy refers to the method of using the aromatic components of plants in appropriate forms to act on the entire body or a specific area to prevent and treat diseases. Essential oils used in aromatherapy are hydrophobic liquids containing volatile aromatic molecules， such as limonene， linalool， linalool acetate， geraniol， and citronellol. These chemicals have been extensively studied and shown to have a variety of functions， including reducing anxiety， relieving depression， promoting sleep， and providing pain relief. Terpenoids are a class of organic molecules with relatively low lipid solubility. After being inhaled， they can pass through the nasal mucosa for transfer or penetrate the skin and enter the bloodstream upon local application. Some of these substances also have the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier， thereby exerting effects on the central nervous system. Currently， the academic community generally agrees that products such as essential oils and aromatherapy from aromatic plants have certain health benefits. However， the process of extracting a single component from it and successfully developing it into a drug still faces many challenges. Its safety and efficacy still need to be further verified through more rigorous and systematic experiments. This article systematically elaborated on the efficacy of aromatic substances， including plant extracts and natural small molecule compounds， in antibacterial and antiviral fields and the regulation of nervous system activity. As a result， a deeper understanding of aromatherapy was achieved. At the same time， the potential of these aromatic substances for drug development was thoroughly explored， providing important references and insights for possible future drug research and application.

Objective:To investigate the difference between routine pulmonary ventilation function test (PFT) and impulse oscillometry (IOS) in children with bronchial asthma (BA) control and children without BA control.Methods:A total of 165 BA children admitted to the Shenzhen Longhua District People′s Hospital from January to December 2023 were selected. 73 children with asthma control test score ≥23 were selected as the control group, and 92 children with asthma control test score <23 were selected as the control group. The difference of indexes between the two groups were statistically compared in terms of PFT [forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1), ratio of FEV 1 to forced vital capacity (FVC) (FEV 1/FVC), instantaneous forced expiratory flow at 50% of forced vital capacity (FEF 50), instantaneous forced expiratory flow at 75% of forced vital capacity (FEF 75), maximum mid expiratory flow (MMEF), peak expiratory flow (PEF)], and IOS metrics [respiratory resistance at 5 Hz (R5), respiratory resistance at 20 Hz (R20), difference between R5 and R20 (R5-R20), reactance at 5 Hz (X5), total respiratory impedance at 5 Hz (Z5), resonance frequency (Fres), reactance area (AX)]. The predictive value of PFT and IOS indexes to BA was analyzed. Results:The levels of FEV 1, FEV 1/FVC, FEF 50, FEF 75, PEF and MMEF in PFT index of the control group were significantly higher than those in the non-control group, and the levels of Z5, R5, R20, R5-R20, X5, AX and Fres in IOS index were significantly lower than those in the non-control group. There was statistical significance between the two groups (all P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) predicted by PFT indexes was less than 0.7, and the AUC of FEF 50 and MMEF (all 0.633) was the largest. Among the IOS indexes, Z5, R5, R5-R20, X5, AX and Fres predicted the AUC of BA uncontrolled to be >0.7, while AX had the largest predictive value for BA uncontrolled (AUC=0.786, 95% CI: 0.736-0.836), sensitivity was 78.26%, specificity was 64.13%. Conclusions:All indexes of PFT and IOS have good sensitivity in evaluating the degree of BA control in children, and IOS has better clinical value in predicting uncontrolled BA, among which AX has the greatest predictive value for uncontrolled BA.

Brucellosis,a zoonotic infectious disease caused by Brucella,leads to persistent infections in both animals and humans.This disease not only substantially affects the health and development of the livestock industry,but also poses a major threat to human health and public safety.Currently,vaccination remains the most effective method for preventing animal bru-cellosis.Compared with smooth strains,rough Brucella strains lack the O-chain antigens,thus offering advantages such as lower virulence,higher safety,and no interference with clinical diagnostics.Consequently,rough Brucella vaccines have prom-ising potential for brucellosis prevention and control.Researchers are now focusing on the development of Brucella abortus vac-cines as an important direction in brucellosis vaccine research and development.An urgent need exists for the development of Brucella abortus vaccines.This article provides a brief review of current research on vaccines for rough Brucella and candidate strains,and summarizes developed vaccine applications and their effectiveness,to provide insights for brucellosis prevention and control,and further development of vaccines for rough Brucella.

Avulsion of permanent teeth is the most severe type of tooth injury.Replantation has been widely recognized as the optimal method for managing avulsed permanent teeth in teenagers.Due to significant damage to periodontal tissue and death of periodontal membrane cells,secondary progressive root resorption often occurs after tooth replantation.Managing progressive root resorption clini-cally poses a major challenge following tooth replantation.It is crucial to control root resorption and prolong tooth retention time.This article reviews recent research and treatment on progressive replacement absorption and inflammatory absorption after replantation.

Avulsion of permanent teeth is the most severe type of tooth injury.Replantation has been widely recognized as the optimal method for managing avulsed permanent teeth in teenagers.Due to significant damage to periodontal tissue and death of periodontal membrane cells,secondary progressive root resorption often occurs after tooth replantation.Managing progressive root resorption clini-cally poses a major challenge following tooth replantation.It is crucial to control root resorption and prolong tooth retention time.This article reviews recent research and treatment on progressive replacement absorption and inflammatory absorption after replantation.

Objective:To investigate the difference between routine pulmonary ventilation function test (PFT) and impulse oscillometry (IOS) in children with bronchial asthma (BA) control and children without BA control.Methods:A total of 165 BA children admitted to the Shenzhen Longhua District People′s Hospital from January to December 2023 were selected. 73 children with asthma control test score ≥23 were selected as the control group, and 92 children with asthma control test score <23 were selected as the control group. The difference of indexes between the two groups were statistically compared in terms of PFT [forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1), ratio of FEV 1 to forced vital capacity (FVC) (FEV 1/FVC), instantaneous forced expiratory flow at 50% of forced vital capacity (FEF 50), instantaneous forced expiratory flow at 75% of forced vital capacity (FEF 75), maximum mid expiratory flow (MMEF), peak expiratory flow (PEF)], and IOS metrics [respiratory resistance at 5 Hz (R5), respiratory resistance at 20 Hz (R20), difference between R5 and R20 (R5-R20), reactance at 5 Hz (X5), total respiratory impedance at 5 Hz (Z5), resonance frequency (Fres), reactance area (AX)]. The predictive value of PFT and IOS indexes to BA was analyzed. Results:The levels of FEV 1, FEV 1/FVC, FEF 50, FEF 75, PEF and MMEF in PFT index of the control group were significantly higher than those in the non-control group, and the levels of Z5, R5, R20, R5-R20, X5, AX and Fres in IOS index were significantly lower than those in the non-control group. There was statistical significance between the two groups (all P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) predicted by PFT indexes was less than 0.7, and the AUC of FEF 50 and MMEF (all 0.633) was the largest. Among the IOS indexes, Z5, R5, R5-R20, X5, AX and Fres predicted the AUC of BA uncontrolled to be >0.7, while AX had the largest predictive value for BA uncontrolled (AUC=0.786, 95% CI: 0.736-0.836), sensitivity was 78.26%, specificity was 64.13%. Conclusions:All indexes of PFT and IOS have good sensitivity in evaluating the degree of BA control in children, and IOS has better clinical value in predicting uncontrolled BA, among which AX has the greatest predictive value for uncontrolled BA.

Rapid and ultrasensitive detection of pathogen-associated biomarkers is vital for the early diagnosis and therapy of bacterial infections. Herein, we developed a close-packed and ordered Au@AgPt array coupled with a cascade triggering strategy for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and colorimetric identification of the Staphylococcus aureus biomarker micrococcal nuclease (MNase) in serum samples. The trimetallic Au@AgPt nanozymes can catalyze the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) molecules to SERS-enhanced oxidized TMB (oxTMB), accompanied by the color change from colorless to blue. In the presence of S. aureus, the secreted MNase preferentially cut the nucleobase AT-rich regions of DNA sequences on magnetic beads (MBs) to release alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which subsequently mediated the oxTMB reduction for inducing the colorimetric/SERS signal fade away. Using this "on-to-off" triggering strategy, the target S. aureus can be recorded in a wide linear range with a limit of detection of 38 CFU/mL in the colorimetric mode and 6 CFU/mL in the SERS mode. Meanwhile, the MNase-mediated strategy characterized by high specificity and sensitivity successfully discriminated between patients with sepsis (n = 7) and healthy participants (n = 3), as well as monitored the prognostic progression of the disease (n = 2). Overall, benefiting from highly active and dense "hot spot" substrate, MNase-mediated cascade response strategy, and colorimetric/SERS dual-signal output, this methodology will offer a promising avenue for the early diagnosis of S. aureus infection.

The Occupational Classification Dictionary of the People's Republic of China (2015 Edition) has added a new occupation type, Medical Nursing Assistants, aiming to meet the strong demand for medical care in the context of the aging population in China.In order to standardize the services of medical nursing assistants for the elderly in home and community settings and contribute to healthy aging, the National Health Commission issued the " Service Standards for Medical Nursing Assistants of Older Adults in Home and Community" ( WS/ T 803—2022) on September 28, 2022.The standards regulate the service processes, service items and requirements, as well as service evaluation and improvement for elderly medical nursing assistants.The interpretation of the standard's formulation background, the compilation process, and the standard's content are as follows.

Rapid and ultrasensitive detection of pathogen-associated biomarkers is vital for the early diagnosis and therapy of bacterial infections.Herein,we developed a close-packed and ordered Au@AgPt array coupled with a cascade triggering strategy for surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)and colorimetric identification of the Staphylococcus aureus biomarker micrococcal nuclease(MNase)in serum samples.The trimetallic Au@AgPt nanozymes can catalyze the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB)molecules to SERS-enhanced oxidized TMB(oxTMB),accompanied by the color change from colorless to blue.In the presence of S.aureus,the secreted MNase preferentially cut the nucleobase AT-rich regions of DNA sequences on magnetic beads(MBs)to release alkaline phosphatase(ALP),which subsequently mediated the oxTMB reduction for inducing the colorimetric/SERS signal fade away.Using this"on-to-off"triggering strategy,the target S.aureus can be recorded in a wide linear range with a limit of detection of 38 CFU/mL in the colorimetric mode and 6 CFU/mL in the SERS mode.Meanwhile,the MNase-mediated strategy characterized by high specificity and sensitivity successfully discriminated between patients with sepsis(n=7)and healthy participants(n=3),as well as monitored the prog-nostic progression of the disease(n=2).Overall,benefiting from highly active and dense"hot spot"substrate,MNase-mediated cascade response strategy,and colorimetric/SERS dual-signal output,this methodology will offer a promising avenue for the early diagnosis of S.aureus infection.