The management of antibiotic-resistant, bacterial biofilm infections in skin wounds poses an increasingly challenging clinical scenario. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is difficult to eradicate because of biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance. In this study, we identified a new benzothiazole derivative compound, SN12 (IC₅₀ = 43.3 nmol/L), demonstrating remarkable biofilm inhibition at nanomolar concentrations in vitro. In further activity assays and mechanistic studies, we formulated an unconventional strategy for combating P. aeruginosa-derived infections by targeting the two-component (Gac/Rsm) system. Furthermore, SN12 slowed the development of ciprofloxacin and tobramycin resistance. By using murine skin wound infection models, we observed that SN12 significantly augmented the antibacterial effects of three widely used antibiotics-tobramycin (100-fold), vancomycin (200-fold), and ciprofloxacin (1000-fold)-compared with single-dose antibiotic treatments for P. aeruginosa infection in vivo. The findings of this study suggest the potential of SN12 as a promising antibacterial synergist, highlighting the effectiveness of targeting the two-component system in treating challenging bacterial biofilm infections in humans.

Humans ; Neoplasms, Second Primary/epidemiology* ; Neoplasms/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors ; Prognosis

OBJECTIVETo compare and evaluate the effectiveness of two kinds of medical drainage bag.

METHODS206 patients were randomly divided into two groups each of which consisted of 103 patients. All the data including four indices, such as the time required to replace the drainage bags, the incidence of the bags detached, draining fluid splashing rates during the replacement of the bags, patient and medical staff satisfaction, were collected and analyzed statistically.

RESULTSThe time required to replace the drainage bags, the incidence of the bags detached and draining fluid splashing rates during the replacement of the bags of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05), while the patient and medical staff satisfaction were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIt is convenient, quick and time and effort saving to use the neotype medical drainage bags. Hence, the use of neotype medical drainage bags could help to improve the work efficiency, effectively prevent occupational injuries and protect health care workers.

Adult ; Aged ; Drainage ; instrumentation ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Six recombinant plasmids co-expressing the wild-type GP5 gene or the codon-optimized GP5 gene (containing pan-DR epitope) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and the E2 gene of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) or the E2 fused with the UL49 of pseudorabies virus (PrV) were constructed based on the suicidal DNA vaccine pSFV1CS-E2 described previously. Expression of GP5 and E2 was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence assay. The immunogenicity of six plasmids was evaluated in BALB/c mouse model. For the six plasmids, low-level of E2 and GP5 protein specific antibodies could be detected in the sera of the immunized mice. Specific lymphoproliferative responses to the PRRSV or CSFV stimulation were induced in the splenocytes of the immunized mice as demonstrated by CFSE staining assay and WST-8 assay. Antigen specific IFN-gamma and L-4 secretion was detected in the splenocytes of some immunized mice by cytokine ELSIA. Fusion with the PrV UL49 in the suicidal vaccines induced significantly higher lymphoproliferative responses and cytokine secretion. Taken together, the suicidal DNA vaccines co-expressing GP5 and E2 could induce PRRSV and CSFV specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses.
Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Antibody Formation ; Cytokines ; blood ; Female ; Immunity, Cellular ; Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Random Allocation ; Vaccines, DNA ; biosynthesis ; immunology ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Viral Structural Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Viral Vaccines ; biosynthesis ; immunology

Objective To investigated the distribution of epidermal stem cells in rat full-thickness wound tissues during the wound healing process and to elucidate the roles of epidermal stem cells in wound repair in vivo. Methods Eighty circular full-thickness wounds were produced on both sides of the back in 20 male Wistar rats labeled with BrdU 60 days previously (4 wounds in each rat). BrdU, β1 integrin and keratin 19 (K19) were employed to determine the epidermal stem cells with SP immunohistochemical methods, and the epithelialization was determined with routine histological methods of HE staining on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 21st days after operation. Results No cells with positive immunostaining for β1 integrin, K19 and BrdU were found in granulation tissue of wound in both groups during the healing process. However, a few scattered β1 integrin and K19 positive cells were found within the stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum of the epidermis on the wound edges on the 3rd day post-injury. And these positive cells gradually became more and more in number, and mostly concentrated on the border of wound edges till the wounds healed. In addition, the number of positive cells for β1 integrin and K19 in the infected wounds was less than that in non-infected wounds. These positive cells for β1 integrin and K19 staining on the wound edge were also positively stained with BrdU in the cellular nuclei. Conclusion The above results indicate that ectopia of epidermal stem cells present a major function during wound epithelialization.

AIM: To examine the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin in scar tissue, and observe the phenomenon of apoptosis and its involvement in the process of pathological scarring and the presence of myofibroblasts or absence of cell in the dermis. To investigate the potential role of reparative cell apoptosis in hyperplastic scar formation. METHODS: The samples of scar were obtained from post-burn patients undergoing plastic operation in our burn unit recently, and the samples of control came from skin donor site of the same patient correspondingly. TUNEL assays were performed to evaluate the number of apoptotic cells in scar versus normal skin. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry staining technique were employed to determine the expression of different dermis cells markers in scar tissue and normal skin. RESULTS: There existed evident difference in apoptotic cells in the dermis between scars tissue and normal human skin. The expression positive cells were much more in hyperplastic scars than that in normal human skin; the apoptotic cells of proliferative stage were slight more than that of mature stage. However, in proliferative stage, the number of apoptotic cells was higher for the combination of hyperplastic scar than normally healed flat scars. But in mature stage, no obviously difference was detected between hyperplastic scar and normally healed flat scar. The monoclonal anti-? smooth muscle actin (ASMA) expression was significantly stronger in proliferative stage than that of mature stage. CONCLUSIONS: With reconstitution of dermal tissue, myofibroblasts containing alpha-SM actin disappear under normal wound healing, probably as a result of apoptosis. The myofibroblast play a critical role in wound closure and in the pathologic sequelae of healing.

AIM: To investigate the mechanism of proliferation and differentiation of human epidermal stem cells cultured in vitro under the influence of compressive stress.METHODS: Epidermal stem cells were isolated by adhering to type IV collagen and were cultured with conditioned medium,then were detected by Powervision~(TM) two-step immunohistochemical method with keratin 19 and cell cycle analysis.The cultured epidermal stem cells transplanted on silica gel membranes,which were put in a new apparatus,was designed to offer cell culture and intermittent compressive stress(4 kPa,6 kPa,8 kPa,10 kPa,12 kPa) for 2 h,3 times a day simultaneously.A week later,cells on silica gel membranes were identified with keratin 19 and 10 by Powervision~(TM) two-step immunohistochemical method.RESULTS: The new apparatus offered cell culture and intermittent compressive stress simultaneously.The isolated and cultured epidermal stem cells were identified with keratin 19 positive and 84.80 percent of them were showed in G_1 period with cell cycle analysis.Cells on silica gel membranes had been subjected intermittent compressive stress above 8 kPa for a week.The number of the cells was increased,which was more than that in control group.However,some cells identified by immunohistochemical staining with keratin 10 positive were detected among the disposed epidermal stem cells.CONCLUSION: The intermittent compressive stress above 8 kPa induces and promotes epidermal stem cells to proliferate and differentiate,indicating that epidermal stem cells respond to mechanical stress,probably is one of their major biological features.