Objective:This study aims to evaluate the nasal structural and electrophysiological features of patients with postoperative olfactory dysfunction following aesthetic rhinoplasty.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical features of 30 outpatients (females, aged 33±6 years) from Beijing Anzhen Hospital and China-Japan Friendship Hospital between 2014 and 2023, who complained of olfactory dysfunction following aesthetic rhinoplasty. The control group was 30 healthy females aged 32±9 years. Psychophysical olfactory test (Sniffin′ Sticks, SS), olfactory and trigeminal event-related potentials (oERPs and tERPs), and acoustic rhinometry were used for evaluating the olfactory function and nasal structure in patients and healthy controls. SPSS 17.0 software was used to compare the difference in olfactory function and nasal structure between the two groups and to analyze the factors related postoperative olfactory dysfunction.Results:There was a significant difference in the scores on psychophysical olfactory test between the patients and controls (10.78±3.90 vs. 33.66±2.42, t=-23.35, P<0.001). ERPs could be evoked in all patients and controls. Patients showed higher amplitudes of N 1 waves in both oERPs and tERPs than controls ( P<0.05 for all), but no differences in the latencies of N 1 and P 2 waves or in the amplitudes of P 2 waves were observed between the two groups ( P>0.05 for all). There was no difference in nasal structure between the two groups ( P>0.05). However, after nasal decongestant, mucosal congestion in the cross-sectional area (CSA) from the nostril to 6 cm level was found more significantly in patients than controls (nasal congestion index 40.00% vs. 1.00%, t=2.09, P=0.047). Better olfactory function was associated with increasing nasal volumes, increasing nasal threshold and anterior nasal turbinate plane CSA( P<0.05 for all). Conclusion:The important factor related to olfactory dysfunction following aesthetic rhinoplasty may be attributed to local mucosal congestion, rather than nasal structural alteration or neurophysiologic deficits in the olfactory pathway.

Objective:This study aims to evaluate the nasal structural and electrophysiological features of patients with postoperative olfactory dysfunction following aesthetic rhinoplasty.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical features of 30 outpatients (females, aged 33±6 years) from Beijing Anzhen Hospital and China-Japan Friendship Hospital between 2014 and 2023, who complained of olfactory dysfunction following aesthetic rhinoplasty. The control group was 30 healthy females aged 32±9 years. Psychophysical olfactory test (Sniffin′ Sticks, SS), olfactory and trigeminal event-related potentials (oERPs and tERPs), and acoustic rhinometry were used for evaluating the olfactory function and nasal structure in patients and healthy controls. SPSS 17.0 software was used to compare the difference in olfactory function and nasal structure between the two groups and to analyze the factors related postoperative olfactory dysfunction.Results:There was a significant difference in the scores on psychophysical olfactory test between the patients and controls (10.78±3.90 vs. 33.66±2.42, t=-23.35, P<0.001). ERPs could be evoked in all patients and controls. Patients showed higher amplitudes of N 1 waves in both oERPs and tERPs than controls ( P<0.05 for all), but no differences in the latencies of N 1 and P 2 waves or in the amplitudes of P 2 waves were observed between the two groups ( P>0.05 for all). There was no difference in nasal structure between the two groups ( P>0.05). However, after nasal decongestant, mucosal congestion in the cross-sectional area (CSA) from the nostril to 6 cm level was found more significantly in patients than controls (nasal congestion index 40.00% vs. 1.00%, t=2.09, P=0.047). Better olfactory function was associated with increasing nasal volumes, increasing nasal threshold and anterior nasal turbinate plane CSA( P<0.05 for all). Conclusion:The important factor related to olfactory dysfunction following aesthetic rhinoplasty may be attributed to local mucosal congestion, rather than nasal structural alteration or neurophysiologic deficits in the olfactory pathway.

Objective:To assess the clinical features and effectiveness of antiviral therapy in newborns with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) caused by congenital congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection, and to speculate the risk factors for poor hearing outcomes.Methods:A multicenter prospective cohort study wasconducted, enrolling 176 newborns diagnosed with cCMV at four research centers in Zhejiang Province from March 1, 2021, to April 30, 2024. Clinical characteristics at birth were recorded and hearing was followed up. The children were divided into groups based on their condition at birth, specifically into asymptomatic, mild symptom, and moderate to severe symptom groups. Additionally, they were divided into SNHL and normal hearing groups based on the results of air conduction brainstem audiometry at birth. And they were also divided into treatment and untreated groups according to antiviral treatment. Mann Whitney U test, and chi square test were used for inter group comparison to analyze the differences in clinical features between different disease groups, and to analyze the effects of clinical features, antiviral therapy, and other factors on hearing improvement. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the risk factors influencing hearing outcomes. Results:Among the cohort of 176 children diagnosed infection with cCMV, 90 cases were male and 86 cases were female. Of these, 79 cases were asymptomatic, 12 cases classified as mild cCMV and 85 cases as moderate to severe cCMV. Fifty cases belonged to SNHL group, with different degrees of severity, including 30 cases of mild, 9 cases of moderate, 5 cases of severe, and 6 cases of extremely severe SNHL. Among the 121 cases in the normal hearing group, 2 cases (1.7%) exhibited late-onset hearing loss despite having normal hearing at birth. Among 81 cases (46.0%) who completed the hearing follow-up, 71 cases (87.7%) had good hearing outcomes and 10 cases (12.3%) had poor hearing outcomes. Among the 81 children, 29 cases (35.8%) had SNHL at birth. During follow-up, the hearing threshold improved in 19 cases (65.5%), remained stable in 7 cases (24.1%) and progressed in 3 cases (10.3%). A total of 26 cases in the treatment group and 55 cases in the untreated group completed the hearing follow-up assessment. The rate of hearing improvement in the treatment group was found to be higher compared to the untreated group (13 cases (50.0%) vs. 6 cases (10.9%), χ2=15.00, P<0.01), with individuals in the treatment group having a 4.58 times greater likelihood of experiencing hearing improvement ( RR=4.58,95% CI 1.96-10.70, P<0.05). However, no statistically significant difference was observed in hearing outcomes between the antiviral treatment group and the untreated group ( RR=0.90, 95% CI 0.57-1.41, P=0.517). Multivariate analysis further confirmed SNHL ( OR=11.58, 95% CI 2.10-63.93, P=0.005) and preterm birth ( OR=4.98, 95% CI 1.06-23.41, P=0.042) as independent risk factors for poor hearing outcomes. Conclusions:SNHL resulting from cCMV infection presents symptoms at birth and can be improved by antiviral therapy. Poor hearing outcomes are associated with SNHL and prematurity.

Objective:To describe the COVID-19 epidemic and its characteristics in Heilongjiang province, and provide evidence for the further prevention and control of COVID-19 in the province.Methods:The information of COVID-19 cases and clusters were collected from national notifiable disease report system and management information system for reporting public health emergencies of China CDC. The Software’s of Excel 2010 and SPSS 23.0 were applied for data cleaning and statistical analysis on the population, time and area distributions of COVID-19 cases.Results:On January 22, 2020, the first confirmed case of COVID-19 was reported in Heilongjiang. By March 11, 2020, a total of 482 cases domestic case of COVID-19, The incidence rate was 1.28/100 000, the mortality rate was 2.70% (13/482) in 13 municipalities in Heilongjiang. There were 81 clusters of COVID-19, The number of confirmed cases accounted for 79.25% (382/482) of the total confirmed cases and 12 cases of deaths. The family clusters accounted for 86.42% (70/81). Compared with the sporadic cases, the mortality rate, proportion of elderly cases aged 60 or above and severe or critical cases of clinical classification were all higher in the clusters especially the family clusters, but the differences were not significant ( P>0.05). There were 34 clusters involving more than 5 confirmed cases accounted for 41.98% (34/81) of the total clusters, the involved cases accounted for 68.31% (261/382) of the total cases of clusters. There were significant differences in age distribution of the cases among the case clusters with different case numbers. In the clusters involving 6-9 cases, the proportion of cases aged 65 years or above was more (26.53%, 39/147). Conclusions:The incidence rate of COVID-19 was relatively high and the early epidemic was serious in Heilongjiang, The number of cases was large in clusters especially family clusters.

Objective:To establish an HPLC fingerprint and determine five compounds in Zhengtian pills to provide reference for the effective quality control.Methods:The analysis was carried out on an Agilent XDB-C18analytical column (250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm) with gradient elution by acetonitrile (A) -0.19% phosphoric acid solution (B) (0-8 min,10 % A→15% A;10-23 min,15 % A→45 % A;23-50 min,45 % A;50-60 min,45 % A→70 % A;60-70 min,70 % A),the detection wavelength was 310 nm and the flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃. Similarity evaluation was used to evaluate the fingerprints of 12 batches of Zhengtian pills,and five marker components were quantified. Results:There were 33 common peaks in the fingerprints of twelve batches of Zhengtian pills, and five of them (ferulic acid, prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, 5-O-methylvisammioside,imperatorin and isoimperatorin) were identified by comparison with the reference. The similarity of the 12 batches of samples was over 0.99. The linear ranges were 0.050-0.605 μg(r = 0.999 8),0.008-0.100 μg(r = 0.999 2), 0.013-0.150 μg(r = 0.998 6), 0.171- 2.049 μg(r = 0.999 7)and 0.113- 1.352 μg(r = 0.999 6) for ferulic acid, prim-O-glucosylcimifugin,5-O-methylvisammioside, imperatorin and isoimperatorin, respectively. The content of ferulic acid, prim-O-glucosylcimifugin,5-O-methylvisammioside,imperatorin and isoimperatorin was 0.78-0.84 mg/g,0.10-0.13 mg·g-1, 0.18-0.20 mg·g-1,2.44-2.51 mg·g-1and 1.70-1.78 mg·g-1in the 12 batches of samples, respectively. Conclusion:The established method has high sensitivity and specificity,which can be used for the quality control of Zhengtian pills.

Objective: To study the ectopic osteogenesis and biocompatibility of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2)-derived peptide P24 loaded chitosan-4-thio-butylamidine (CS-TBA) hydrogel. Methods: First, the CS-TBA/hydroxyapatite (HA) solution was prepared by using chitosan, 2-iminothiolane hydrochloride, and HA. Then, the different amount of P24 peptides were added to the CS-TBA/HA to prepare the CS-TBA/5%P24/HA and CS-TBA/10%P24/HA solutions. Finally, β-glycerophosphate disodium (β-GP) was added to the CS-TBA/HA, CS-TBA/5%P24/HA, and CS-TBA/10%P24/HA to prepare the CS-TBA/HA/β-GP, CS-TBA/5%P24/HA/β-GP, and CS-TBA/10%P24/HA/β-GP hydrogels, respectively. Eighteen Sprague Dawley female rats were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n=6), which were injected into the back muscle pouches with equal volume CS-TBA/HA/β-GP hydrogel (group A), CS-TBA/5%P24/HA/β-GP hydrogel (group B), and CS-TBA/10%P24/HA/β-GP hydrogel (group C). The animals were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks and conducted micro-CT. The ability of biodegradation and osteogenesis of hydrogl was detected by trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N), bone mineral density (BMD), and histological staining (HE and Masson). Results: All the rats in 3 groups survived to the time point of the harvest. Micro-CT results showed that the new bones gradually increased in each group after operation. At the same time, the new bone formation was more obvious in groups B and C than in group A, and with the increase of P24 concentration, new bone formation in group C was much more than that in group B. The Tb.Th, Tb.N, and BMD increased gradually in 3 groups, and the differences between 4 and 8 weeks were significant ( P<0.05) except the Tb.Th in group A. At different time points, the Tb.Th, Tb.N, and BMD were significantly higher in groups B and C than in group A ( P<0.05), and in group C was higher than in group B ( P<0.05), showing significant differences between groups. Histological staining showed that the materials of groups B and C were biodegradable, and the osteogenic effect was increased with the increase of P24 concentration. Conclusion: P24 peptide can improve the ectopic osteogenesis of CS-TBA hydrogel, and the 10% concentration is more effective.

Objective:To optimize the extraction parameters for anthraquinones in Semen Cassiae by Box-Behnken experimental design. Methods:Based on single factor screening, a three-factor and three-level Box-Behnken experimental design was employed with the ethanol concentration, material to liquid ratio and extraction time as the independent variables. The dependent variables including the extration rates of chrysophand and aurantio-obtusin were transformed into desirability mathematically by Hassan 's method. The mathematical relationship was established between the dependent variables and the independent variables. The optimum experimental conditions were selected from the stationary point of the response surfaces. Results:The optimum extraction conditions were as follows:12-fold amount of 44％ ethanol as the solvent, extracted three times with 2. 65h for each time. The extraction rate of chrysophanol and aurantio-obtusin was 1. 921％ and 3. 244％, respectively. Conclusion:The measured value is close to the predicted one,which indi-cates the comprehensive extraction parameters optimized by Box-Behnken experimental design can be used for the extraction of chry-sophanol and aurantio-obtusin from Semen Cassiae.

BACKGROUNDThe operating microscopes have been applied to modern surgery for nearly a century. However, generations of microsurgeons have to flex their necks and fix their eyes on the eyepieces of a microscope continually that leads to physical and mental fatigue during a long operation. Stereoscopic three-dimensional (3D) media provides more ergonomic working environment, subsequently, resulting better performance in tasks and more accurate judgment. In this study, an alternative method of magnification was analyzed using a three-dimensional microsurgical video system and compared with the traditional method under microscopy to evaluate the availability and feasibility of a 3D microsurgical video system for microvascular anastomosis.

METHODSForty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups with each of 10. In 20 rats, 10 femoral artery anastomoses with a conventional microscope (arterial microscope group) were compared with that of 10 femoral artery anastomoses with a 3D microsurgical video system (arterial 3D group). For the other 20 rats, 10 femoral vein anastomoses using a conventional microscope (venous microscope group) were compared with that of 10 femoral vein anastomoses using a 3D microsurgical video system (venous 3D group). The arterial and venous microscope groups were considered to be the control groups. The arterial and venous 3D groups were the experimental groups. The examined criteria were as follows: anastomotic time, patency right after the procedure and 10 days later, number of sutures, vessel caliber, and pathological features.

RESULTSThere were no differences between the operating equipment with respect to vessel caliber, anastomotic time, patency rate, number of sutures, and pathological changes in either the small arteries or veins. The average arterial anastomotic time of the arterial microscope group and arterial 3D group was 34.21 and 33.87 minutes, respectively (P > 0.05). The average venous anastomotic time of the venous microscope group and venous 3D group was 29.95 and 31.50 minutes, respectively (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSA small vessel anastomosis can be performed successfully with the help of a 3D display system. Although the vascular anastomotic time did not demonstrate a significant difference between the groups, the 3D microsurgical video system offers another option to improve the working environment for surgeons. Further development of our 3D monitoring system should focus on a higher resolution and better flexibility.

Anastomosis, Surgical ; methods ; Animals ; Female ; Femoral Artery ; surgery ; Femoral Vein ; surgery ; Microscopy, Video ; methods ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective: To investigate the biological significance of CerbB-2 expression in nasopharyn-geal carcinoma. Methods: The expression of CerbB-2 was detected in 90 nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and 22 nasopharyngitis tissues by SP immunohistochemical method. The relationship between CerbB-2 ex-pression and clinicopathological characteristics of nasopharyngeal carcinoma was investigated. Results: The positive expression rate of CerbB-2 protein was 65.56% in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues, and 31.82% in nasopharyngitis tissues, with a significant difference (P<0.05). The ratio of expression was 81.0% in patients of N_2 and N_3 lymth node stage, significantly different from that in patients of N_0 and N_1 lymph node stage (52.1%, P<0.05). The expression of CerbB-2 gene was not correlated with age, gender, clinical stage, T stage and distant metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (P>0.05). Conclusion: There is a high expression of CerbB-2 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues, which might be an important event in the pathogenesis and progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

To explore the protective effects of trimetazidine on vascular endothelial cells injury induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and its pharmacological mechanisms of anti-oxidation.Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were injured by H2O2.Next,the cells were treated with three different concentrations of trimetazidine (1 μmol/L,10 μmol/L,100μmol/L,respectively).The viability of cells was detected by methyl thiazoeyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay.In addition,malondialdehyde (MDA)contents,superoxide dismutase (SOD) and secretion of NO were measured.Results Trimetazidine could enhance the viability of the injured HUVECs induced by oxidation,decrease the level of MDA,enhance the SOD activity,and increase the secretion of nitrogen monoxide.These effects were in a certain dose-dependent manner and the difference was significant among the three concentrations (P＜0.05).Conclusions Our results suggest that trimctazidine may protect lipid peroxidation and prevent oxidation-induced cellular dysfunction of HUVECs (J Geriatr Cardiol 2008;5:248-251)