Objective To comparatively analyze the disparities in informatization construction between primary healthcare institu-tions in remote and non-remote areas,clarify the causes and manifestations of regional digital divides,and provide empirical evidence for optimizing resource allocation in remote areas and promoting health equity.The study also offers policy insights for advancing the"Internet+Healthcare"strategy based on local conditions.Methods A stratified sampling survey was conducted among 1 255 primary healthcare institutions in Sichuan Province to systematically compare informatization construction differences between remote and non-remote areas.Results Compared with non-remote areas,remote areas exhibited significant gaps in the coverage of informa-tization infrastructure and the construction of core system integration platforms.Remote areas also had higher absence rates of clinical service systems and notable disparities in institutional informatization investment and the allocation of dedicated IT person-nel.However,remote areas demonstrated strengths in the deployment of health terminals(e.g.,integrated health devices,smart follow-up kits,and wearable devices)and the construction of systems for infection control/communicable disease management and patient follow-up management.Conclusion Regional digital divides are primarily constrained by three factors:fiscal invest-ment,talent reserves,and technical adaptability.A differentiated policy support system is needed to address these challenges.

The efficacy of preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy(nCRT)in locally advanced rectal cancer(LARC)is predicted using radiomic features of the target areas in radiotherapy for rectal cancer and an interpretable machine learning model.The clinical data are collected from 290 LARC patients who are divided into effective and ineffective groups based on tumor regression grade.The extracted radiomic features and clinicopathological data are used to develop prediction models.The optimal model is determined based on AUC performance evaluation,and the explanatory analysis is conducted using nomogram and decision curve.A total of 223 patients are included in the study,with 48 in the effective group.There are 156 patients in the training set(34 in the effective group)and 67 patients in the validation set(14 in the effective group).The nomogram model shows the best performance,with AUC of 0.858 in the training set and 0.844 in internal test set,and decision curve analysis demonstrated its superior net clinical benefit across most threshold ranges than other models.Combining radiomics and clinical variables,the nomogram can effectively predict nCRT outcomes and support clinical decision-making.

Objective:To investigate the distribution of pathogens and changes in serum levels of pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2) and Galectin-3 in patients with severe trauma complicated by ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).Methods:A total of 139 patients with severe trauma and underwent mechanical ventilation in Zhangjiakou First Hospital from February 2022 to February 2024 were selected as the study subjects. They were divided into the VAP group (57 cases) and non- VAP group (82 cases) based on whether they developed VAP. The distribution of pathogenic bacteria in the VAP group was analyzed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was applied to determine the expression levels of serum PKM2 and Galectin-3. Multivariate Logistic regression was applied to analyze the influencing factors of VAP in patients with severe trauma. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to analyze the diagnostic value of serum PKM2 and Galectin-3 levels for severe trauma complicated by VAP.Results:Seventy-one strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 57 patients in the VAP group, mainly including Gram positive bacteria (36.62%), Gram negative bacteria (59.15%), and fungi (4.23%). Among them, Gram positive bacteria were mainly Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus, Gram negative bacteria were mainly Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and fungi were mainly tropical Candida and Candida albicans. The proportion of history of diabetes, the proportion of eating through nasogastric tube, the proportion of trauma severity score ≥ 16 and the levels of serum PKM2 and Galectin-3 in the VAP group were higher than those in the non- VAP group: 54.39%(31/57) vs. 32.93%(27/82), 82.46%(47/57) vs. 52.44%(43/82), 66.67%(38/57) vs. 24.39%(20/82), (32.46 ± 7.28) μg/L vs. (24.25 ± 6.17) μg/L, (3.26 ± 0.75) ng/L vs. (2.39 ± 0.61) ng/L, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). Serum PKM2, Galectin-3, history of diabetes, nasal feeding mode and trauma severity score were the influencing factors of severe trauma patients complicated by VAP ( P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of serum PKM2, Galectin-3, and their combination in predicting severe trauma complicated by VAP was 0.90, and the combination of the two was superior to their respective individual diagnoses ( Zcombination - PKM2 = 2.00, Zcombination - Galectin-3 = 1.99, P = 0.046, 0.047), its sensitivity and specificity were 92.98% and 84.15%, respectively. Conclusions:The distribution of urinary tract pathogens in patients with severe trauma complicated by VAP is mainly Gram negative bacteria, and serum PKM2 and Galectin-3 levels are obviously increased in patients with severe trauma complicated by VAP . The combination of the two has higher diagnostic value for severe trauma complicated by VAP and certain clinical application value.

[Objective] To investigate the infection status and characteristics of HEV among voluntary blood donors in Ningbo, and to provide a basis for improving the blood screening strategy. [Methods] A total of 12 227 blood samples from voluntary blood donors in Ningbo from June 2022 to May 2023 were tested for HEV serology, enzymology, and nucleic acid testing. Furthermore, HEV gene sequencing was performed for genotyping analysis, and donors with reactive nucleic acid testing results were followed up to confirm their infection status. [Results] The reactivity rate of HEV Ag, anti-HEV IgM and anti-HEV IgG was 0.098%, 0.899% and 29.198%, respectively. There was no difference in the reactivity of anti-HEV IgM and anti-HEV IgG between genders, donation frequencies and donation types (P>0.05). The reactivity rate increased significantly with age (P<0.05). The rate of ALT disqualification (ALT>50U/L) was significantly higher than that in non-reactive samples (P<0.05). The HEV Ag reactivity rate (0.098%) was not correlated with gender, donation frequency, donation type or age. One HEV RNA positive case was found, with a positive rate of 0.008%(1/12 227). It was confirmed to be hepatitis E virus genotype 3 by sequencing analysis. Apart from HEV Ag reactivity, all other blood safety screening items were non-reactive, suggesting this case might be in the acute infection phase. The follow-up results showed that all indicators of the donor's previous blood donation were non-reactive. [Conclusion] Pre-donation ALT detection can reduce the risk of transfusion-transmitted HEV (TT-HEV) to a certain extent, and the effective way to prevent TT-HEV is to detect HEV RNA and serology of donor blood.

Objective To comparatively analyze the disparities in informatization construction between primary healthcare institu-tions in remote and non-remote areas,clarify the causes and manifestations of regional digital divides,and provide empirical evidence for optimizing resource allocation in remote areas and promoting health equity.The study also offers policy insights for advancing the"Internet+Healthcare"strategy based on local conditions.Methods A stratified sampling survey was conducted among 1 255 primary healthcare institutions in Sichuan Province to systematically compare informatization construction differences between remote and non-remote areas.Results Compared with non-remote areas,remote areas exhibited significant gaps in the coverage of informa-tization infrastructure and the construction of core system integration platforms.Remote areas also had higher absence rates of clinical service systems and notable disparities in institutional informatization investment and the allocation of dedicated IT person-nel.However,remote areas demonstrated strengths in the deployment of health terminals(e.g.,integrated health devices,smart follow-up kits,and wearable devices)and the construction of systems for infection control/communicable disease management and patient follow-up management.Conclusion Regional digital divides are primarily constrained by three factors:fiscal invest-ment,talent reserves,and technical adaptability.A differentiated policy support system is needed to address these challenges.

BACKGROUND:Steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head is a common progressive,crippling and high incidence of non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head,but its exact pathogenesis is not clear.Internal heat acupuncture therapy has a good clinical effect in the treatment of steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head,but its specific mechanism is not clear.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of internal heat acupuncture on osteoblast apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax)and B lymphocytoma-2(Bcl-2)in steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head in rabbits.METHODS:Totally 24 male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into blank group,model group,and internal heat acupuncture group(n=8).The rabbit model of steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head was made in the last two groups by methylprednisolone sodium succinate combined with Escherichia coli endotoxin.After successful model establishment for 4 weeks,the rabbits in the internal heat acupuncture group received internal heat acupuncture intervention on the buttocks of rabbits,once a week for 20 minutes each time,while the other two groups did not receive any intervention.After 4 weeks of treatment,samples were harvested.Morphological changes of femoral head and osteoblast apoptosis were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and TUNEL assay.Protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in rabbit femoral head tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry and western blot assay.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)In the blank group,there were abundant hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow cavity,clear and orderly trabecular structure,few adipocytes and few empty bone lacunae.In the model group,the number of adipocytes in the bone marrow cavity increased significantly,accompanied by hyperplasia,steatosis of some osteocytes and more empty bone lacunae.After the intervention of internal heat acupuncture,the number of adipocytes and hollow bone lacunae was less than that in the model group,but more obvious than that in the blank group.(2)Compared with the blank group,the apoptosis of osteoblasts in the model group was significantly increased,the expression of Bax was significantly increased(P＜0.001),and the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly decreased(P＜0.001).After the intervention of internal heat acupuncture,the apoptosis of osteoblasts was significantly decreased,the expression of Bax was significantly decreased(P＜0.001),and the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly increased(P＜0.001).(3)The results show that internal heat acupuncture can alleviate steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head by inhibiting osteoblast apoptosis in the femoral head.

The efficacy of preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy(nCRT)in locally advanced rectal cancer(LARC)is predicted using radiomic features of the target areas in radiotherapy for rectal cancer and an interpretable machine learning model.The clinical data are collected from 290 LARC patients who are divided into effective and ineffective groups based on tumor regression grade.The extracted radiomic features and clinicopathological data are used to develop prediction models.The optimal model is determined based on AUC performance evaluation,and the explanatory analysis is conducted using nomogram and decision curve.A total of 223 patients are included in the study,with 48 in the effective group.There are 156 patients in the training set(34 in the effective group)and 67 patients in the validation set(14 in the effective group).The nomogram model shows the best performance,with AUC of 0.858 in the training set and 0.844 in internal test set,and decision curve analysis demonstrated its superior net clinical benefit across most threshold ranges than other models.Combining radiomics and clinical variables,the nomogram can effectively predict nCRT outcomes and support clinical decision-making.

BACKGROUND:Steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head is a common progressive,crippling and high incidence of non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head,but its exact pathogenesis is not clear.Internal heat acupuncture therapy has a good clinical effect in the treatment of steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head,but its specific mechanism is not clear.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of internal heat acupuncture on osteoblast apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax)and B lymphocytoma-2(Bcl-2)in steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head in rabbits.METHODS:Totally 24 male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into blank group,model group,and internal heat acupuncture group(n=8).The rabbit model of steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head was made in the last two groups by methylprednisolone sodium succinate combined with Escherichia coli endotoxin.After successful model establishment for 4 weeks,the rabbits in the internal heat acupuncture group received internal heat acupuncture intervention on the buttocks of rabbits,once a week for 20 minutes each time,while the other two groups did not receive any intervention.After 4 weeks of treatment,samples were harvested.Morphological changes of femoral head and osteoblast apoptosis were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and TUNEL assay.Protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in rabbit femoral head tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry and western blot assay.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)In the blank group,there were abundant hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow cavity,clear and orderly trabecular structure,few adipocytes and few empty bone lacunae.In the model group,the number of adipocytes in the bone marrow cavity increased significantly,accompanied by hyperplasia,steatosis of some osteocytes and more empty bone lacunae.After the intervention of internal heat acupuncture,the number of adipocytes and hollow bone lacunae was less than that in the model group,but more obvious than that in the blank group.(2)Compared with the blank group,the apoptosis of osteoblasts in the model group was significantly increased,the expression of Bax was significantly increased(P＜0.001),and the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly decreased(P＜0.001).After the intervention of internal heat acupuncture,the apoptosis of osteoblasts was significantly decreased,the expression of Bax was significantly decreased(P＜0.001),and the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly increased(P＜0.001).(3)The results show that internal heat acupuncture can alleviate steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head by inhibiting osteoblast apoptosis in the femoral head.

Objective:To investigate the distribution of pathogens and changes in serum levels of pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2) and Galectin-3 in patients with severe trauma complicated by ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).Methods:A total of 139 patients with severe trauma and underwent mechanical ventilation in Zhangjiakou First Hospital from February 2022 to February 2024 were selected as the study subjects. They were divided into the VAP group (57 cases) and non- VAP group (82 cases) based on whether they developed VAP. The distribution of pathogenic bacteria in the VAP group was analyzed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was applied to determine the expression levels of serum PKM2 and Galectin-3. Multivariate Logistic regression was applied to analyze the influencing factors of VAP in patients with severe trauma. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to analyze the diagnostic value of serum PKM2 and Galectin-3 levels for severe trauma complicated by VAP.Results:Seventy-one strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 57 patients in the VAP group, mainly including Gram positive bacteria (36.62%), Gram negative bacteria (59.15%), and fungi (4.23%). Among them, Gram positive bacteria were mainly Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus, Gram negative bacteria were mainly Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and fungi were mainly tropical Candida and Candida albicans. The proportion of history of diabetes, the proportion of eating through nasogastric tube, the proportion of trauma severity score ≥ 16 and the levels of serum PKM2 and Galectin-3 in the VAP group were higher than those in the non- VAP group: 54.39%(31/57) vs. 32.93%(27/82), 82.46%(47/57) vs. 52.44%(43/82), 66.67%(38/57) vs. 24.39%(20/82), (32.46 ± 7.28) μg/L vs. (24.25 ± 6.17) μg/L, (3.26 ± 0.75) ng/L vs. (2.39 ± 0.61) ng/L, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). Serum PKM2, Galectin-3, history of diabetes, nasal feeding mode and trauma severity score were the influencing factors of severe trauma patients complicated by VAP ( P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of serum PKM2, Galectin-3, and their combination in predicting severe trauma complicated by VAP was 0.90, and the combination of the two was superior to their respective individual diagnoses ( Zcombination - PKM2 = 2.00, Zcombination - Galectin-3 = 1.99, P = 0.046, 0.047), its sensitivity and specificity were 92.98% and 84.15%, respectively. Conclusions:The distribution of urinary tract pathogens in patients with severe trauma complicated by VAP is mainly Gram negative bacteria, and serum PKM2 and Galectin-3 levels are obviously increased in patients with severe trauma complicated by VAP . The combination of the two has higher diagnostic value for severe trauma complicated by VAP and certain clinical application value.

In 2009,the World Health Organization included snakebite on the list of neglected tropical diseases,acknowledging it as a common occupational hazard for farmers,plantation workers,and others,causing tens of thousands of deaths and chronic physical disabilities every year.This guideline aims to provide practical information to help clinical professionals evaluate and treat snakebite victims.These recommendations are based on clinical experience and clinical research evidence.This guideline focuses on the following topics:snake venom,clinical manifestations,auxiliary examination,diagnosis,treatments,and prevention.