Objective: To investigate the effect of activation of the stimulator of interferon genes(STING) pathway on macrophage polarization function and its role in T-cell response. Methods: Mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells were used.STING signaling related proteins in RAW264.7 macrophage treated with STING agonist diABZI were analyzed by Western blot,including TANK-binding kinase-1(TBK1),interferon regulatory factor-3(IRF3),STING,p-TBK1,p-IRF3,p-STING.The polarization of macrophage RAW264.7 cells treated with diABZI was analyzed by flow cytometry.Co-culture of diABZI-treated RAW264.7 macrophage and T cells was applied to evaluate the change of T cell response. Results: STING signaling related proteins were upregulated in macrophage RAW264.7 cells treated with diABZI for 3 hours.The expression of CD86 was upregulated on the surface of macrophages after 12 hours of diABZI treatment,and the CD86/CD206 ratio was elevated,which presented the M1 polarization phenotype.When coculturing diABZI-treated macrophage RAW264.7 cells with T cells,the cytokine secretion ability of T cells including CD4+T and CD8+T cells was enhanced and the expression of CD107a in CD8+T cells was upregulated. Conclusion STING signaling induces M1 polarization of macrophages which enhance the function of T cells,especially CD8+T cell immune response.

Objective To investigate the viability and safety of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy(LSG)based on the TJ point at the junction of the posterior gastric wall and the apex of the medial edge of the left diaphragm.Methods A retrospective analysis of 135 patients with obesity or obesity with metabolic syndrome who underwent LSG from January 2019 to January 2022 were divided into two groups according to the different free modes of fundogastric body.68 patients underwent surgery using the TPOL model LSG.A control group of 67 patients was treated with conventional LSG surgery.To analyze and compare the duration of operation,gastric fundus free time,intraoperative blood loss time,hospital stay time,postoperative gastric fistula,bleeding rate,and occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)between the two groups.Results All patients successfully completed LSG surgery and were safely discharged.They were followed for a period of 12 to 36 months.the duration of operation for the study group was(56.13±10.56)minutes,while for the control group it was(62.45±12.74)minutes.The gastric fundus was freed in(6.34±4.16)minutes for the study group and(12.58±6.37)minutes for the control group.The duration of hospitalization was(3.84±0.42)days for the study group and(4.06±0.69)days for the control group.The intraoperative blood loss was(10.87±1.28)ml for the study group and(15.56±3.39)ml for the control group.The incidence of postoperative GERD was 5(7.35％)for the study group and 13(19.40％)for the control group.The differences between the two groups were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The decrease in excess weight at 12 months after surgery,as well as complications such as bleeding and gastric fistula,were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion LSG(TPOL model)extends from the TJ point(the Tri-junction point where the gastric left mesangium,gastric posterior mesangium,and pancreatic mesangium meet)to the apex of the medial foot edge of the left diaphragm.LSG(TPOL model)can be efficiently and safely achieve tension-free anastomosis,resulting in a complete free gastric fundus.This method is feasible,and has clinical value for the standardized free gastric fundus of LSG.

Objective To explore the inhibitory effect of Sidaxue, a traditional Miao herbal medicine formula, on articular bone and cartilage destruction and synovial neovascularization in rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Methods In a SD rat model of CIA, we tested the effects of daily gavage of Sidaxue at low, moderate and high doses (10, 20, and 40 g/kg, respectively) for 21 days, with Tripterygium glycosides (GTW) as the positive control, on swelling in the hind limb plantar regions by arthritis index scoring. Pathologies in joint synovial membrane of the rats were observed with HE staining, and serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels were detected with ELISA. The expressions of NF-κB p65, matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1), MMP2 and MMP9 at the mRNA and protein levels in the synovial tissues were detected using real-time PCR and Western blotting. Network pharmacology analysis was conducted to identify the important target proteins in the pathways correlated with the therapeutic effects of topical Sidaxue treatment for RA, and the core target proteins were screened by topological analysis. Results Treatment with GTW and Sidaxue at the 3 doses all significantly alleviated plantar swelling, lowered arthritis index scores, improved cartilage and bone damage and reduced neovascularization in CIA rats (P<0.05), and the effects of Sidaxue showed a dose dependence. Both GTW and Sidaxue treatments significantly lowered TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB p65, MMP1, MMP2, and MMP9 mRNA and protein expressions in the synovial tissues of CIA rats (P<0.05). Network pharmacological analysis identified MMPs as the core proteins associated with topical Sidaxue treatment of RA. Conclusion Sidaxue alleviates articular bone and cartilage damages and reduces synovial neovascularization in CIA rats possibly by downregulating MMPs via the TNF-α/IL-1β/NF-κB-MMP1, 2, 9 signaling pathway, and MMPs probably plays a key role in mediating the effect of Sidaxue though the therapeutic pathways other than oral administration.

Objective To explore the inhibitory effect of Sidaxue, a traditional Miao herbal medicine formula, on articular bone and cartilage destruction and synovial neovascularization in rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Methods In a SD rat model of CIA, we tested the effects of daily gavage of Sidaxue at low, moderate and high doses (10, 20, and 40 g/kg, respectively) for 21 days, with Tripterygium glycosides (GTW) as the positive control, on swelling in the hind limb plantar regions by arthritis index scoring. Pathologies in joint synovial membrane of the rats were observed with HE staining, and serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels were detected with ELISA. The expressions of NF-κB p65, matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1), MMP2 and MMP9 at the mRNA and protein levels in the synovial tissues were detected using real-time PCR and Western blotting. Network pharmacology analysis was conducted to identify the important target proteins in the pathways correlated with the therapeutic effects of topical Sidaxue treatment for RA, and the core target proteins were screened by topological analysis. Results Treatment with GTW and Sidaxue at the 3 doses all significantly alleviated plantar swelling, lowered arthritis index scores, improved cartilage and bone damage and reduced neovascularization in CIA rats (P<0.05), and the effects of Sidaxue showed a dose dependence. Both GTW and Sidaxue treatments significantly lowered TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB p65, MMP1, MMP2, and MMP9 mRNA and protein expressions in the synovial tissues of CIA rats (P<0.05). Network pharmacological analysis identified MMPs as the core proteins associated with topical Sidaxue treatment of RA. Conclusion Sidaxue alleviates articular bone and cartilage damages and reduces synovial neovascularization in CIA rats possibly by downregulating MMPs via the TNF-α/IL-1β/NF-κB-MMP1, 2, 9 signaling pathway, and MMPs probably plays a key role in mediating the effect of Sidaxue though the therapeutic pathways other than oral administration.

Objective:To compare the patient-reported outcomes and short-term clinical outcomes between robotic-assisted and laparoscopic-assisted radical gastrectomy for locally advanced gastric cancer.Methods:This single-center prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted in the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from October 2020 to August 2022. Patients with locally advanced gastric cancer who were to undergo radical gastrectomy were selected and randomly divided into two groups according to 1∶1, and received robotic surgery and laparoscopic surgery, respectively. Patient-reported outcomes and short-term clinical outcomes (including postoperative complications, surgical quality and postoperative short-term recovery) were compared between the two groups by independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, repeated ANOVA, generalized estimating equation, χ2 test and Fisher′s exact test. Results:A total of 237 patients were enrolled for modified intention-to-treat analysis (120 patients in the robotic group, 117 patients in the laparoscopic group). There were 180 males and 59 females, aged (63.0±10.2) years (range: 30 to 85 years). The incidence of postoperative complications was similar between the robotic group and laparoscopic group (16.7% (20/120) vs. 15.4% (18/117), χ2=0.072, P=0.788). The robotic group had higher patient-reported outcomes scores in general health status, emotional, and social domains compared to the laparoscopic group, differences in time effect, intervention effect, and interaction effect were statistically significant (general health status: χ2 value were 275.68, 3.91, 6.38, P value were <0.01, 0.048, 0.041; emotional: χ2 value were 77.79, 6.04, 6.15, P value were <0.01, 0.014, 0.046; social: χ2 value were 148.00, 7.57, 5.98, P value were <0.01, 0.006, 0.048). However, the financial burden of the robotic group was higher, the differences in time effect, intervention effect and interaction effect were statistically significant ( χ2 value were 156.24, 4.08, 36.56, P value were <0.01, 0.043,<0.01). Conclusion:Compared to the laparoscopic group, the robotic group could more effectively relieve postoperative negative emotions and improve recovery of social function in patients.

Objective:To compare the patient-reported outcomes and short-term clinical outcomes between robotic-assisted and laparoscopic-assisted radical gastrectomy for locally advanced gastric cancer.Methods:This single-center prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted in the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from October 2020 to August 2022. Patients with locally advanced gastric cancer who were to undergo radical gastrectomy were selected and randomly divided into two groups according to 1∶1, and received robotic surgery and laparoscopic surgery, respectively. Patient-reported outcomes and short-term clinical outcomes (including postoperative complications, surgical quality and postoperative short-term recovery) were compared between the two groups by independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, repeated ANOVA, generalized estimating equation, χ2 test and Fisher′s exact test. Results:A total of 237 patients were enrolled for modified intention-to-treat analysis (120 patients in the robotic group, 117 patients in the laparoscopic group). There were 180 males and 59 females, aged (63.0±10.2) years (range: 30 to 85 years). The incidence of postoperative complications was similar between the robotic group and laparoscopic group (16.7% (20/120) vs. 15.4% (18/117), χ2=0.072, P=0.788). The robotic group had higher patient-reported outcomes scores in general health status, emotional, and social domains compared to the laparoscopic group, differences in time effect, intervention effect, and interaction effect were statistically significant (general health status: χ2 value were 275.68, 3.91, 6.38, P value were <0.01, 0.048, 0.041; emotional: χ2 value were 77.79, 6.04, 6.15, P value were <0.01, 0.014, 0.046; social: χ2 value were 148.00, 7.57, 5.98, P value were <0.01, 0.006, 0.048). However, the financial burden of the robotic group was higher, the differences in time effect, intervention effect and interaction effect were statistically significant ( χ2 value were 156.24, 4.08, 36.56, P value were <0.01, 0.043,<0.01). Conclusion:Compared to the laparoscopic group, the robotic group could more effectively relieve postoperative negative emotions and improve recovery of social function in patients.

Objective:To investigate the prognostic factors for all-cause mortality in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer(MIBC)with intermediate-to-high-risk primary prostate cancer.Methods:From January 2012 to October 2023,the clinical data of the patients with MIBC with intermediate-to-high-risk primary prostate cancer in Peking University Third Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients were monitored and the occurrence of all-cause death was documented as the outcome event in the prognostic study.Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional risk regression analysis models were implemented to search for independent influences on the prognosis of patients.For significant influencing factors(pathological T stage,M stage and perineural invasion of bladder cancer),survival curves were plotted before and after multifactorial Cox regression adjusting for confounding factors.Results:A total of 32 patients were included in this study.The mean age was(72.5±6.6)years;the median preoperative total prostate specific antigen(tPSA)was 6.68(2.47,6.84)μg/L;the mean preoperative creatinine was(95±36)μmol/L,and the median survival time was 65 months.The majority of the patients(87.5％)had high-grade bladder cancer,53.1％had lymphatic invasion,and 31.3％had perineural invasion.Prostate involvement was observed in 25.0％of the cases,and the positive rate of soft-tissue surgical margin was 37.5％.Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that preoperative creatinine level(HR=1.02,95％CI:1.01-1.04),pathological stage of bladder cancer T3(HR=11.58,95％CI:1.38-97.36)and T4(HR=19.53,95％CI:4.26-89.52)metastasis of bladder cancer(HR=9.44,95％CI:1.26-70.49)and perineural invasion of bladder cancer(HR=6.26,95％CI:1.39-28.27)were independent prognostic factors(P＜0.05).Survival curves with Log-rank test after adjusting for confounding factors demonstrated that bladder cancer pathology T3,T4,M1,and perineural invasion were unfavorable factors affecting the patients'survival prognosis(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Patients with MIBC with intermediate-to-high risk primary prostate cancer generally portends a poor prognosis.High preoperative serum creatinine,T3 or T4 pathological stage of bladder cancer,metastasis of bladder cancer and bladder cancer perineural invasion are poor prognostic factors for patients with MIBC with intermediate-to-high risk primary prostate cancer.

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of balloon occlusion hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy(b-HAIC)for treating unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)complicated with hepatic arterioportal fistula(HAPF).Methods Eight patients with unresectable HCC complicated with HAPF who underwent FOLFOX b-HAIC were retrospectively enrolled.The technical success rate and b-HAIC related adverse events were recorded,and the efficacy was evaluated.Results Totally 17 times b-HAIC were successfully performed in 8 cases,with technical success rate of 100%.One month after the first b-HAIC,shunt flow of HAPF decreased or even completely closed,with effective rate of 100%.After 2-3 times b-HAIC,the objective response rate(ORR)and disease control rate(DCR)of HCC was 87.50%(7/8)and 100%(8/8),respectively.Grade 1-3 adverse events were observed in all 8 cases,mainly presented as abdominal pain(7/8,87.50%)and transient elevation of transaminases and all alleviated after rest or symptomatic treatments.No grade 4-5 adverse event occurred.Conclusion b-HAIC was effective and relatively safe for treating unresectable HCC complicated with HAPF.

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor, yet treatment modalities and patient outcomes have remained relatively stagnant over the past three decades. Recently, with increasing insights into the molecular characteristics of osteosarcoma, targeted therapies, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and cell cycle-related inhibitors, have shown significant progress in both preclinical studies and clinical trials. Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHEK1), a key player in DNA damage response, is involved in various critical biological functions, and the development of its specific inhibitors has gained attention in multiple fields of cancer treatment. Osteosarcoma, comprising multiple subtypes with distinct alterations in cell cycle and DNA damage response mechanisms, particularly exhibits increased sensitivity to CHEK1 inhibitors in p53 mutant cells. Targeting the CHEK1-associated pathway holds promise for improving patient outcomes. Inhibition of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and/or ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) pathways impairs DNA damage repair in osteosarcoma cells, identifying downstream molecules linked to CHEK1 as potential therapeutic targets. Suppression of CHEK1 activity leads to downregulation of related protein expression and inhibits cell proliferation and repair processes, an effect that is notably enhanced when combined with chemotherapeutic agents. Although single-agent chemotherapy often produces limited results, the use of CHEK1 inhibitors such as Prexasertib enhances cytotoxic effects against osteosarcoma cells, either as monotherapy or in combination regimens, demonstrating robust efficacy. Co-administration of CHEK1 inhibitors with other cell cycle modulators or downstream target antagonists could further optimize treatment outcomes. Furthermore, modulating DNA damage response pathways may have implications for immunotherapy. This review systematically summarizes recent research on the CHEK1-related pathway in osteosarcoma and emphasizes that targeting the DNA damage response pathway related to CHEK1 may be a promising strategy for osteosarcoma treatment with broad prospects.

Objective:This study aimed to explore the clinical value of myostatin(MST) and follistatin(FST) as biological biomarkers in evaluating sarcopenia in elderly women.Methods:This was a retrospective cross-sectional study that enrolled 350 females aged 20-89 years who underwent physical examinations in Shanghai Huadong Hospital in 2021. Demographic characteristics, muscle mass, fat mass, bone mineral density, hand grip strength, gait speed, and serum indices of MST and FST were collected.Results:The serum levels of MST did not change significantly with age. However, the serum levels of FST increased with age. In women aged≥60 years, MST was positively correlated with total lean mass and appendicular skeletal muscle index(ASMI; r=0.236, P=0.041; r=0.289, P=0.014), while FST was negatively correlated with ASMI( r=-0.265, P=0.030). In multivariate stepwise regression analysis, after adjusting for age, body mass index, hip bone mineral density, and total fat mass, only FST was independently correlated with ASMI( β=-0.238, P=0.006), while MST was not correlated with ASMI. The receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted using muscle mass reduction as the state variable and serum FST level as the test variable. The area under the curve was 0.753. And when the FST cutoff value was 17.49 ng/mL, the maximum Jordan index was 0.46, with a sensitivity of 77.3% and a specificity of 68.7%. Women aged ≥60 years were divided into three groups based on serum FST levels. Compared to the upper third of the serum FST level group, the low third of the FST level group had a significantly reduced risk of suffering from sarcopenia( OR=0.098, P =0.036). Conclusions:Serum FST lever has a better correlation with muscle mass among elderly women, making it a promising biomarker for evaluating muscle mass.