Objective To investigate the effectiveness and safety of drug-eluting beads bronchial arterial chemoembolization(DEB-BACE)versus BACE for the treatment of stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ lung squamous cell carcinoma.Methods A total of 104 patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ lung squamous cell carcinoma,who were admitted to the Lishui Municipal Central Hospital of China between January 2013 and August 2021,were enrolled in this study.According to the therapeutic scheme,the patients were divided into DEB-BACE group(n=41)and BACE group(n=63).For patients of DEB-BACE group,Cisplatin at 75 mg/m2 dose and gemcitabine at 1 000 mg/m2 dose(400 mg was used as loaded-drug dose)were injected through a microcatheter,which was followed by embolization with CalliSpheres microspheres loaded with 400 mg of gemcitabine.For patients of BACE group,Cisplatin at 75 mg/m2 and gemcitabatin at 1 000 mg/m2 were injected through a microcatheter,which was followed by arterial embolization with blank microspheres.Three weeks after DEB-BACE or BACE,the patients of both groups were started on intravenous chemotherapy.The primary study endpoint was overall survival(OS).The secondary study endpoints included progression-free survival(PFS),objective response rate(ORR),disease control rate(DCR),adverse reactions,and the remission rate of dyspnea.Results Of the 104 patients,63 received BACE sequential intravenous chemotherapy and 41 received DEB-BACE sequential intravenous chemotherapy.The median OS in DEB-BACE group was 23.0 moths,which was obviously longer than 12.0 months in BACE group(P=0.009).Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that DEB-BACE treatment was an independent risk factor for OS(HR=0.59,95％ CI:0.38-0.91,Log-rank test P=0.018).Meanwhile,the remission rate of dyspnea in DEB-BACE group was significantly higher than that in BACE group(57.1％ vs 30.6％,P＜0.043).Conclusion Compared with BACE sequential intravenous chemotherapy,DEB-BACE sequential intravenous chemotherapy can significantly prolong the survival time of patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ lung squamous cell carcinoma and significantly improve the symptoms of dyspnea,which has important applications in the treatment of patients with advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective Exploring the behavioral changes induced by quinpirole in obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)mouse,investigating the activation of neurons in different brain regions,and identifying differentially expressed genes(DEGs)and enriched biological pathways through transcriptome sequencing technology to elucidate the pathogenesis of OCD.Methods Randomly assign 32 male C57BL/6J mice,aged two months,to an OCD group and a control group(n=16).Administering quinpirole(0.75 mg/kg)via subcutaneous injection to the OCD group mice every other day for a total of 19 injections,while the control group mice received an equivalent volume of saline solution.Following the completion of the model construction,open field testing,elevated plus maze testing,and marble burying tests were conducted.After the completion of behavioral studies,tissue samples were collected.Neuronal damage was assessed using Nissl staining,while the expression of c-Fos and Iba1 proteins was examined through immunofluorescence staining.Transcriptome sequencing technology was utilized to screen for differentially expressed genes and to enrich relevant signaling pathways.The expression of inflammatory cytokines,including TNF-α,NF-κB p65,phosphorylated NF-κB p65(p-NF-κB p65),and IL-6,was detected using Western Blot analysis.Results Mouse induced with OCD by quinpirole exhibit anxiety-like behaviors and compulsive-like behaviors.Neurons in the hippocampal and hypothalamic regions exhibit signs of damage.The expression of c-Fos and Iba1 proteins is increased in the cortex,striatum,hypothalamus,and other brain regions.Western Blot result indicate a significant increase in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α,p-NF-κB p65,and IL-6.Conclusions In OCD mouse,neurons in multiple brain regions are abnormally activated,microglia exhibit dysfunction,and neuroinflammation induced by the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway accompanies the development of OCD.

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders,and is increasingly becoming a global health challenge,in line with the intensification of population aging.The pathogenesis of AD is currently unclear and treatment options are limited.Currently available drugs can only alleviate the symptoms of AD to a certain extent,and cannot delay its progression.Numerous studies,however,have shown that a variety of micronutrients may play a positive role in the treatment of AD.Vitamins and trace metal elements have many functions,including anti-inflammation,anti-oxidation,and protection of mitochondria.Micronutrients can effectively reduce β-amyloid protein plaque deposition and Tau protein hyperphosphorylation to improve brain energy metabolism,thereby helping to prevent and treat AD.This article reviews and summarizes the roles of common vitamins and trace metal elements in the prevention and treatment of AD,with the goal of offering new perspectives for the clinical management and prevention of this disease.

Objective Exploring the behavioral changes induced by quinpirole in obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)mouse,investigating the activation of neurons in different brain regions,and identifying differentially expressed genes(DEGs)and enriched biological pathways through transcriptome sequencing technology to elucidate the pathogenesis of OCD.Methods Randomly assign 32 male C57BL/6J mice,aged two months,to an OCD group and a control group(n=16).Administering quinpirole(0.75 mg/kg)via subcutaneous injection to the OCD group mice every other day for a total of 19 injections,while the control group mice received an equivalent volume of saline solution.Following the completion of the model construction,open field testing,elevated plus maze testing,and marble burying tests were conducted.After the completion of behavioral studies,tissue samples were collected.Neuronal damage was assessed using Nissl staining,while the expression of c-Fos and Iba1 proteins was examined through immunofluorescence staining.Transcriptome sequencing technology was utilized to screen for differentially expressed genes and to enrich relevant signaling pathways.The expression of inflammatory cytokines,including TNF-α,NF-κB p65,phosphorylated NF-κB p65(p-NF-κB p65),and IL-6,was detected using Western Blot analysis.Results Mouse induced with OCD by quinpirole exhibit anxiety-like behaviors and compulsive-like behaviors.Neurons in the hippocampal and hypothalamic regions exhibit signs of damage.The expression of c-Fos and Iba1 proteins is increased in the cortex,striatum,hypothalamus,and other brain regions.Western Blot result indicate a significant increase in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α,p-NF-κB p65,and IL-6.Conclusions In OCD mouse,neurons in multiple brain regions are abnormally activated,microglia exhibit dysfunction,and neuroinflammation induced by the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway accompanies the development of OCD.

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders,and is increasingly becoming a global health challenge,in line with the intensification of population aging.The pathogenesis of AD is currently unclear and treatment options are limited.Currently available drugs can only alleviate the symptoms of AD to a certain extent,and cannot delay its progression.Numerous studies,however,have shown that a variety of micronutrients may play a positive role in the treatment of AD.Vitamins and trace metal elements have many functions,including anti-inflammation,anti-oxidation,and protection of mitochondria.Micronutrients can effectively reduce β-amyloid protein plaque deposition and Tau protein hyperphosphorylation to improve brain energy metabolism,thereby helping to prevent and treat AD.This article reviews and summarizes the roles of common vitamins and trace metal elements in the prevention and treatment of AD,with the goal of offering new perspectives for the clinical management and prevention of this disease.

Objective To explore the mechanisms of circadian rhythm disorder(CRD)on behavior and testicular spermatogenic capacity in adolescent mice.Methods Thirty SPF grade C57 mice were selected and randomly di-vided into the control and CRD groups with 15 mice in each group.The control group kept 12 h dark/12 h bright circulating light,and the CRD group kept 24 h light.The trial lasted for 61 days.The growth curves of mice in each group were counted;the elevated plus maze test and open field test were performed to detect mice behavior;neuronal morphology was visualized by Nissl staining.The distribution of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1(Iba1)and neuron-specific nuclear protein(NeuN)in the hypothalamus were detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot.Expression of testosterone synthesis-related genes steroidogenic acute regulatory protein(StAR)and hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase,3 beta-and steroid delta-isomerase 1(HSD3B1)and spermatogenesis-related genes gametogenetin binding protein 2(GGNBP2)and deleted in azoospermia-like(DAZL)were deter-mined by RT-qPCR.Results The weight of the CRD group was significantly higher than that of control group at 61 days;in the elevated plus maze test,the time,frequency,and percentage of time in the open arm of the CRD group were significantly less than those of the control group;in the open field test,there was no significant differ-ence in movement distance between the two groups;however,the residence time of the central area in the CRD group was significantly less than that in the control group;the frequency of entering the central area in the CRD group was significantly less than that in the control group.Nissl staining results showed that the positive cells in the CRD group were significantly lower than the control group.Immunofluorescence and Western blot results showed that Iba1 protein expression was up-regulated and NeuN protein expression was down-regulated in the hypothalamus of the CRD group.In the RT-qPCR experiment,the expression of HSD3B1 in the CRD group was significantly low-er than that of the control group;the expression of GGNBP2 and DAZL in the CRD group was significantly lower than that in the control group.Conclusion The CRD treatment can not only lead to depressive behavior in adoles-cent mice but also reduce the development of reproductive system in male adolescent mice.

Neurodegenerative diseases(NDs)are closely related to the central nervous system and characterized by morphological abnormalities and progressive loss of function in specific neuron groups.The main NDs include Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,multiple sclerosis and Huntington's disease.However,no direct therapies for NDs exist.In recent years,single cell RNA-sequencing(scRNA-seq)has been widely used in various NDs.The pathogenesis of NDs is closely related to morphology of immune cells,and the pathogenesis mainly involves mitochondrial function,glucose metabolism,inflammation,and synaptic transmission.Induced pluripotent stem cells are a potential therapy for NDs.Ultimately,we review the application of scRNA-seq to various NDs and provide a reference for prevention and treatment of NDs.

Gastric schwannoma is a tumor originating from mesenchymal tissue. The clinical incidence is relatively rare, accounting for 6.3% of all gastric stromal tumors. The tumor is more likely to occur in the body of the stomach and usually originates from the gastric submucosal nerve. Most gastric schwannomas do not have any clinical symptoms. Imaging examination can play a diagnostic role, but the diagnosis still requires pathological examination, especially S-100 protein which is the gold standard for the diagnosis of gastric schwannomas. Gastric schwannoma usually needs to be distinguished from gastrointestinal stromal tumors and gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumors. In terms of treatment, complete surgical resection is the first choice.

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of self-made traditional Chinese medicine combined with acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, and its effect on the serum T cell subsets of patients.Methods:From November 2015 to November 2018, 104 patients with non-small cell lung cancer admitted to Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were selected in the research.They were divided into observation group and control group according to random number table method, with 52 cases in each group.The control group was treated with arterial infusion chemotherapy, while the observation group was treated with traditional Chinese medicine decoction combined with traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture and moxibustion on the basis of chemotherapy.The clinical symptoms and serum T lymphocyte subsets of the two groups were observed and compared before and after treatment, and the adverse reactions of the two groups were recorded.Results:The symptom scores of the control group and the observation group were (8.49±2.43)points and (8.41±2.21)points, respectively, which were lower than those before treatment[(11.11±2.25)points and (6.23±2.02)points]( t=104.962, 82.738, all P<0.05). The symptom score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group( t=11.638, P<0.05). The incidence of liver function damage in the observation group was 15.38%(6/52), which was significantly lower than that in the control group[34.62%(13/52)](χ 2=5.128, P<0.05). After treatment, the immunologic indicators (CD 3+, CD 4+, CD 8+, CD 4+/CD 8+) in the observation group were (63.24±20.40)%, (35.16±5.02)%, (27.55±13.54)%, (1.28±0.32), respectively, which were significantly improved compared with before treatment[(51.14±15.58)%, (25.64±6.19)%, (36.04±12.65)% and (0.71±0.11)], the differences were statistically significant ( t=18.103, 58.675, 68.789, 19.573, all P<0.05). The improvements of immunological indicators in the observation group were better than those in the control group[(55.84±15.21)%, (28.79±4.23)%, (32.51±9.51)%, (0.89±0.15)], the differences were statistically significant ( t=2.097, 6.997, 2.162, 7.958, all P<0.05). Conclusion:Traditional Chinese medicine decoction combined with acupuncture and moxibustion can effectively improve the clinical symptoms, improve immune function and alleviate adverse reactions of chemotherapy in patients with stage Ⅲ B and Ⅳ non-small cell lung cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Behcet's disease (BD) is an autoimmune disorder that causes most commonly mouth and genital ulcerations and erythema nodules of the skin and currently has limited options of therapeutic medicines. Metformin is recently reported to suppress immune reaction, and we hypothesized that metformin could be an option for treatment of BD. METHODS: Thirty patients with BD were enrolled in this perspective single-blinded, before-after study. We recorded the changes in the mucocutaneous activity index for BD (MAIBD), relapse frequency, C-reactive protein (CRP) level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) after metformin treatment to assess the changes in the disease activity. We also analyzed the changes in the protein and mRNA expression levels of Foxp3, interleukin-35 (IL-35), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), Ror-γt, IL-17, and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) in these patients using ELISA and qRT-PCR. RESULTS: Of the 30 patients enrolled, 26 completed the trial. After the treatment, favorable responses were achieved in 88.46% (23/26) of the patients, and partial remission was obtained in 11.54% (4/26) of them. During the treatment, 8 patients complained of gastrointestinal side effects, for which 4 chose to withdraw from the study in the first week. Our results showed that metformin treatment decreased MAIBD and relapse frequency in the patients, and significantly lowered the clinical inflammatory indexes including CRP and ESR. The results of ELISA and qRT-PCR revealed that metformin treatment obviously increased Foxp3 and TGF-β expressions at both the protein and mRNA levels and significantly decreased the levels of ROR-γt, IL-17 and TNF- as well as IL-35 level in these patients. CONCLUSIONS Metformin treatment relieves the clinical symptoms, reduces the inflammatory reaction indexes and regulates the Treg/Th17 axis in patients with BD, suggesting the potential of metformin as a candidate medicine for treatment of BD.
Behcet Syndrome ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Controlled Before-After Studies ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Interleukin-17 ; metabolism ; Interleukins ; metabolism ; Metformin ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Recurrence ; Single-Blind Method ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; cytology ; Th17 Cells ; cytology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism