Objective To systematically evaluate toxicities of nifedipine in pregnant women with hypertension, and provide references for nifedipine’s clinical safety application. Methods Study was conducted with data from US food and drug administration adverse event reporting system（FARES） database from January 1, 2015, to March 31, 2021. Information component （IC） and reporting odds ratio（ROR）methods were applied for signal mining. Results Finally, a total of 539278 records of pregnant women with hypertension were selected for analysis, and 70 positive adverse drug event signals were detected. Premature delivery （IC₀₂₅=2.87，ROR₀₂₅=9.52）, pre-eclampsia （IC₀₂₅=1.82，ROR₀₂₅=3.82） and fetal growth restriction （IC₀₂₅=2.37，ROR₀₂₅=5.69）were positive adverse events with higher frequency. Polydactyly（IC₀₂₅=3.13， ROR₀₂₅=10.05）, fetal death（IC₀₂₅=2.93，ROR₀₂₅=8.57）and premature delivery（IC₀₂₅=2.87，ROR₀₂₅=9.52）were positive adverse events with higher intensity. Vascular resistance systemic increased, small for dates baby and fetal death corresponded to higher death rates. Conclusion Nifedipine-associated drug toxicities were detected in pregnant women with hypertension, and some adverse events with high frequency and high death rate were deserved further attention by medical staffs.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its effect on gut microbiota. METHODS: A total of 62 MCI patients were randomly divided into an experimental group (31 cases, 2 cases dropped out) and a control group (31 cases). Both groups received exercise and cognitive training. In addition, the experimental group underwent acupuncture treatment at acupoints including Baihui (GV20), Sishencong (EX-HN1), and bilateral Fengchi (GB20), Xuanzhong (GB39), Zusanli (ST36), Yanglao (SI6), Xinshu (BL15), and etc., once every other day, three times per week, for a total of 12 weeks. Before and after treatment, the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores were evaluated in the two groups, changes in gut microbiota were detected using 16S rDNA sequencing technology. The clinical efficacy was assessed after treatment. RESULTS: Compared before treatment, MoCA and MMSE scores were increased in both groups after treatment (P<0.001), with higher scores in the experimental group than those in the control group (P<0.001, P<0.05). After treatment, the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium, Clostridia, and Ruminococcaceae was increased in the experimental group compared with that before treatment (P<0.05). Moreover, the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 82.8% (24/29) in the experimental group, which was higher than 61.3% (19/31) in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Acupuncture could improve cognitive dysfunction in patients with MCI, and its mechanism may be related to increasing the relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria such as Faecalibacterium, Clostridia, and Ruminococcaceae, maintaining the intestinal barrier, and inhibiting related inflammatory responses.
Humans ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Cognitive Dysfunction/psychology* ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Acupuncture Points ; Treatment Outcome ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cognition

Purpose To investigate the expression of fork-head box protein A1(FOXA1)in esophageal squamous cell car-cinoma(ESCC)and its association with clinicopathologic char-acteristics and prognosis.Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect FOXA1 protein expression in 532 cases of esopha-geal squamous cell carcinoma.The correlation between FOXA1 protein expression and clinicopathologic features and prognosis of patients was analyzed.Results In 532 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,183 cases overexpressed FOXA1 pro-tein(34.4％).FOXA1 overexpression was associated with ES-CC vascular infiltration(P=0.032),poorly differentiation(P=0.032),and tumor size(P＜0.001).The overall survival(OS)and disease free survival(DFS)of patients with stage Ⅰ+Ⅱ esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with high FOXA1 ex-pression tended to be poor(OS:P=0.094;DFS:P=0.107).In ESCC patients with survival longer than 24 months,the high FOXA1 expression group had significantly shorter OS and DFS(OS:P=0.048;DFS:P=0.047).Multivariate survival anal-ysis showed that the depth of tumor invasion was an independent prognostic factor affecting the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Conclusion FOXA1 is overexpressed in e-sophageal squamous cell carcinoma,and its high expression is related to tumor size,vascular infiltration and poorly differentia-tion.Patients with high FOXA1 expression tended to have poor prognosis in OS and DFS.When OS and DFS≥24 months,high FOXA1 expression may be used as a reference indicator for poor prognosis in ESCC patients.

To investigate the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Yunnan Province, explore its risk factors, and provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of chronic complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). This is a large cross-sectional study, in all, 1 524 DM patients in 16 communities and villages of Yunnan Province who were registered in health service centers were included in this study from August to November 2019. All patients completed a uniform questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, biochemical measurements, and auxiliary examinations. Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the risk factors of DR. The prevalence rates of DR, mild non-proliferative DR (mild-NPDR), and referable DR (RDR) were 16.0% (244/1 524), 4.5% (69/1 524), and 11.5% (175/1 524), respectively. Glycated hemoglobin A 1c (HbA 1c)≥7.0% was the risk factor of mild-NPDR ( OR=1.872, 95% CI 1.055-3.323) and RDR ( OR=4.821, 95% CI 2.917-7.969). Blood pressure≥130/80 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) was the risk factor of mild-NPDR ( OR=1.933, 95% CI 1.112-3.358) and RDR ( OR=1.505, 95% CI 1.063-2.130). In Yunnan Province, 16.0% DM patients had accompanying DR, wherein about 71.7% of them required an ophthalmology referral, and the high incidence of RDR in DM patients was associated with poor control of blood glucose and blood pressure.

Objective:To investigate the expression of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK), and recombinant C-Ros oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1) in Spitz tumors, and to analyze their associations with clinical and histopathological features of Spitz tumors.Methods:Clinical and histopathological characteristics, as well as follow-up data, were collected from patients with Spitz tumors at Department of Pathology, Hospital of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 2017 to August 2023, and retrospectively analyzed. Immunohistochemical staining for ALK, pan-TRK, and ROS1 was performed on skin tissues, and associations between the expression of these kinase proteins and clinicopathological features were analyzed.Results:A total of 57 patients with Spitz tumors were collected, including 36 females and 21 males. Immunohistochemical staining showed that 30 (52.6%) patients were positive for ALK, 4 (7.0%) were positive for ROS1, only 2 (3.5%) were positive for TRK, and 21 (36.8%) were negative for the three kinase proteins. Among the 30 ALK-positive patients, the median age was 9.5 years, 21 (70.0%) were females, and 15 (50.0%) presented with lesions on the face, which mainly manifested as papules or nodules; histologically, 29 (96.7%) patients had hypopigmented tumors with an exophytic growth pattern, and the tumor cells were mainly large and long spindle cells arranged in long cord-like, plexiform or fascicular patterns. Among the 4 ROS1-positive patients, there were 3 females and 1 male, presenting with exophytic papules or polyps; histologically, tumor cells were mostly arranged in small nests, without obvious clefts around cell nests. Two TRK-positive patients were both males aged 20 and 50 years respectively, and presented with brown and skin-colored flat papules, respectively; histologically, the tumors were located superficially with a flat base, and tumor cells spread in a pagetoid pattern in the epidermis, with some epithelioid cells and small cell nests. Among the 21 patients negative for the 3 kinase proteins, 9 were males and 12 were females, and they clinically presented with macules, papules and polypoid lesions; histologically, most tumors were located superficially, consisting of a mixture of epithelioid cells and spindle cells, with rare cytological atypia and mitotic figures, and 2 cases showed mild tissue structural and cellular atypia. Fifty-seven patients were followed up for 2 - 83.3 months, with a median follow-up of 19.2 months. Only 1 ALK-positive child experienced a recurrence, and no recurrence or lymph node metastasis was observed in the other cases.Conclusions:Among the three kinase proteins, ALK showed the highest positive rate in Spitz tumors in this study, while TRK- and ROS1-positive cases were sporadic. Histopathologically, ALK-positive Spitz tumor cells were mainly long spindle cells arranged in long cord-like or plexiform patterns, while TRK- and ROS1-positive Spitz tumors tended to have small cell nests. Both the kinase protein-positive and -negative Spitz tumors mostly had a good prognosis.

Objective:To investigate clinicopathological features and prognosis of transformed mycosis fungoides (TMF) .Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on clinicopathological data collected from 24 patients with TMF, as well as on flow cytometry results of 16 peripheral blood samples obtained from 11 of the 24 patients, who visited Hospital of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between 2014 and 2020.Results:Among the 24 patients, 11 were males and 13 were females. Their average age at diagnosis of TMF was 50.0 years (range: 18 - 77 years), and patients with early-stage TMF (9 cases) and tumor-stage TMF (15 cases) were aged 44.8 and 52.6 years on average, respectively. The average time interval from diagnosis of MF to large cell transformation was 3.7 years, and 8 patients were diagnosed with TMF at the initial visit. Histopathologically, large cells infiltrated in a diffuse pattern in 20 cases, as well as in a multifocal pattern in 4, and the proportion of large cells in 7 cases was greater than 75%. Immunohistochemically, 18 patients showed positive staining for CD30, and the proportion of CD30-positive large cells was greater than 75% in 9; negative staining for CD30 was observed in 6. Flow cytometry of 16 peripheral blood samples showed the presence of cell subsets expressing clonal T cell receptor (TCR) -vβ in 2 of 4 patients with early-stage TMF and 10 of 12 with tumor-stage TMF, and tumor cells with higher forward scatter than normal lymphocytes were detected in 16 samples. During the follow-up, among the patients with early-stage TMF, 3 progressed to tumor-stage TMF 3.3 years on average after large cell transformation, 1 progressed to erythrodermic MF in stage IIIA, and the other 4 still showed an indolent course; among the patients with tumor-stage TMF, 1 progressed to stage-IV TMF, and 5 died 3.3 (1.5 - 6) years after large cell transformation.Conclusion:Large cell transformation may occur in patients with MF in any stage, some patients have poor prognosis, so close follow-up is needed for patients with TMF.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of osettinib in the treatment of first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant advanced lung adenocarcinoma and its effects on carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels.Methods:Seventy-two patients with first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant advanced lung adenocarcinoma (T790M test negative or rejected) who received treatment in Jinhua Guangfu Cancer Hospital from June 2017 to June 2019 were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to undergo either conventional pemetrexed plus cisplatin (control group, n = 36) or osimertinib mesylate (observation group, n = 36) for 4 successive weeks. Before and after 4 weeks of treatment, serum CEA and VEGF levels were measured. Curative effects were evaluated. Adverse reactions and 6-month, 1-year and 2-year survival rate were recorded. Results:Effective rate and disease-control rate in the observation group were 80.6% (29/36) and 94.4% (34/36) respectively, which were significantly higher than 58.3% (21/36) and 75.0% (27/ 36) in the control group ( χ2 = 4.193, 5.261, both P < 0.05). Before treatment, there were no significant differences in serum CEA and VEGF levels between the two groups (both P > 0.05). Compared with before treatment, serum CEA and VEGF levels were significantly increased after treatment (both P < 0.05). After treatment, serum CEA and VEGF levels in the observation group were (5.36 ± 0.33) U/mL and (121.56 ± 11.57) ng/L respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(8.25 ± 0.54) U/mL, (163.68 ± 14.59) ng/L, t = 27.399, 13.572, both P < 0.001]. The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [19.4% (7/36) vs. 44.4% (16/36), χ2 = 5.173, P = 0.011]. 6-month, 1-year and 2-year survival rate were 94.29%, 77.14% and 60.00% respectively, in the observation group and 91.43%, 54.29% and 34.29% respectively in the control group. There was no significant difference in 6-month overall survival rate between the two groups ( χ2 = 0.352, P = 0.251). 1-year and 2-year survival rate in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( χ2 = 4.058, P = 0.044; χ2 = 4.644, P = 0.031). Conclusion:Ositinib is effective in the targeted treatment of first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant advanced lung adenocarcinoma. It can effectively decrease serum CEA and VEGF levels and prolong the survival of patients, thereby exhibiting a clinical application value.

Objective: To analyze clinical and pathological features of papular elastorrhexis. Methods: Clinical data were collected from 22 patients with confirmed papular elastorrhexis in Hospital for Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Pekin Union Medical College from September 2006 to May 2018. Clinical manifestations, pathological findings and follow-up results were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The average age of onset of the 22 patients was 5.7 years (range: 1 - 10 years) , and the male to female ratio was 4.5∶1. The average duration from the occurrence of disease to the confirmation of diagnosis was 1.5 years, and no definite etiology was found. The patients had no itching or pain sensation. Skin lesions were soft, slightly elevated, well-circumscribed, round, oval or polygonal-shaped, white papules with diameters of 1 - 10 mm, and wrinkles appeared on the surface of the papule when the papule was pushed towards its center. Among the 22 patients, 16 (73%) presented with scattered lesions, 13 (59%) had less than 5 papules, and lesions were located in the trunk in 21 (95%) . Histopathological examination of skin lesions in 8 patients showed no obvious increase of collagen fibers in the superficial and middle dermis, which were normally arranged with slightly widened spaces between them. Elastic fiber staining showed that elastic fibers disappeared or were dissociated focally in the superficial and middle dermis. After confirmed diagnosis, the 22 patients received no treatment. In 18 patients, skin lesions did not continue to expand after onset, and no new skin lesions occurred. Skin lesions were slightly enlarged, but remained steady thereafter in 4 patients. Sixteen patients achieved partial remission. Conclusions Papular elastorrhexis is a rare skin disorder of elastic fibers that occurs predominantly during childhood and adolescence, and its diagnosis relies on clinical manifestations combined with histopathological findings. No special treatment is needed and the prognosis is good.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the effects of AIDS related health education on Chinese university students,and to provide reference for effective prevention and control of AIDS in universities. Methods: Chinese and English databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Database,VIP Database,China Biology Medicine disc and PubMed were searched to find literature on the effects of AIDS health education on Chinese university students,which was published from June 30th of 2010 to June 30th of 2019. Rate difference（RD）was adopted as the effect index for the meta-analysis. Results: A total of 173 articles were found out,28 articles of which were included. There were 48 037 study samples,with 23 020 students in the intervention group and 25 017 students in the control group. The results of the meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group,the awareness rates of knowledge about condom（RD=0.21,95%CI：0.11-0.32）and mosquito transmission（RD=0.34,95%CI：0.25-0.43）,the rates of positive attitude to having class with HIV/AIDS（RD=0.21,95%CI：0.12-0.31）and being AIDS prevention volunteers（RD=0.14,95%CI：0.06-0.23）,and the rate of avoiding unprotected sexual behaviors（RD=0.30,95%CI：0.22-0.38）in the intervention group were significantly improved. The results of subgroup analysis showed that the awareness rate of knowledge about mosquito transmission in the comprehensive intervention based on peer education group was significantly improved（RD=0.43,95%CI：0.32-0.53）;the rate of positive attitude to having class with HIV/AIDS in medical students was significantly improved（RD=0.40,95%CI：0.35-0.46）. No publication bias was found by Begger's test and Egger's test. Conclusion Through AIDS health education,the awareness of AIDS-related knowledge among Chinese university students has been obviously improved,while the intervention of attitude and behaviors still needs to be strengthened with the promotion of comprehensive intervention based on peer education.

Objective To evaluate the value of semi-quantitative indices of 68Ga-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-11 PET/CT in differentiating malignant and benign prostate lesions.Methods From November 2017 to June 2018,30 patients (age:52-86 years) who underwent 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT imaging in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were retrospectively analyzed,and the serum total prostate specific antigen (tPSA) and free prostate specific antigen (fPSA) were examined within 1 week before PET/CT imaging.Semi-quantitative indices of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT on prostate lesions were measured by automatic segmentation algorithm method,including PSMA-related lesion volume (VPSMA),maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax),mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean),peak standardized uptake value (SUVpeak) and total lesion uptake value of PSMA (TLUPSMA).The indices were compared between malignant and benign prostate lesions,and the optimal cut-off values for differentiating malignant and benign prostate lesions were obtained by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.Results According to the pathological results,19 patients had malignant lesions and 11 were with benign diseases.The differences of tPSA,SUVmax,SUVmean SUVpeak and TLUPSMA between malignant and benign prostate lesions were statistically significant (u values:17.00-48.00,all P＜0.05),but there were no significant differences of fPSA,fPSA/tPSA and VPSMA between 2 groups (u values:64.00-99.00,all P＞0.05).The optimal cut-off value of tPSA was 18.30 μg/L for differentiating malignant and benign prostate lesions,with sensitivity of 13/17 (PSA of 2 patients were missing),specificity of 9/11 and area under curve (AUC) of 0.743.The optimal cut-off values of SUVmax,SUVmean and SUVpeak were 5.50,3.09 and 3.56,respectively,with all corresponding sensitivity of 18/19,all specificity of 9/11,and AUC of 0.902,0.907 and 0.919,respectively.The optimal cut-off value of TLUPSMA was 54.81 cm3,with sensitivity of 14/19,specificity of 9/11 and AUC of 0.804.Conclusion The semi-quantitative indices of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT are valuable for differentiating malignant and benign prostate lesions,in which SUVpeak is superior to other indices.