Objective:To explore the expression of YARS1, the subform of protein-based tRNA synthase ( YARS1), and its prognostic effect on the analysis of gene set enrichment in hepatocellular carcinoma Methods:The expressional condition of the YARS1 gene in tumor tissue samples (374 cases) and adjacent tissue samples (50 cases) of hepatocellular carcinoma patients was compared and recorded by mining the Cancer Genome Atlas database. Hepatocellular carcinoma patients were divided into high expression and low expression groups according to this data. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between YARS1 and the clinical pathological characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. The effect of YARS1 expression on the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. The prognostic value of the YARS1 gene for hepatocellular carcinoma was analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression. Gene set enrichment analysis was used to evaluate the gene pathways related to YARS1 in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Results:The expression of the YARS1 gene was higher in hepatocellular carcinoma tissue than in normal tissue ( P<0.001). The expression level of YARS1 was correlated with the grade of patients ( P<0.05), but not with age, gender, TNM stage, and others ( P>0.05). The results of Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test showed that the survival rate was lower in patients with high YARS1 gene expression than that of patients with low YARS1 gene expression ( P<0.001). The results of multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that YARS1 was used as an independent prognostic factor for hepatocellular carcinoma [hazard ratio=1.10, 95% confidence interval (1.050-1.156), P<0.001]. The results of gene set enrichment analysis showed that YARS1 was involved in pyrimidine metabolism, purine metabolism, aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, ppar signal transduction pathway, oocyte meiosis, amino acid and nucleotide sugar metabolism, RNA degradation, complement pathway, valine and isoleucine degradation, spliceosome, and other pathways. Conclusion:The high expression of YARS1 is associated with the progression and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, this gene is expected to become a novel biomarker and a sort of target for biological therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective:To explore the expression of YARS1, the subform of protein-based tRNA synthase ( YARS1), and its prognostic effect on the analysis of gene set enrichment in hepatocellular carcinoma Methods:The expressional condition of the YARS1 gene in tumor tissue samples (374 cases) and adjacent tissue samples (50 cases) of hepatocellular carcinoma patients was compared and recorded by mining the Cancer Genome Atlas database. Hepatocellular carcinoma patients were divided into high expression and low expression groups according to this data. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between YARS1 and the clinical pathological characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. The effect of YARS1 expression on the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. The prognostic value of the YARS1 gene for hepatocellular carcinoma was analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression. Gene set enrichment analysis was used to evaluate the gene pathways related to YARS1 in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Results:The expression of the YARS1 gene was higher in hepatocellular carcinoma tissue than in normal tissue ( P<0.001). The expression level of YARS1 was correlated with the grade of patients ( P<0.05), but not with age, gender, TNM stage, and others ( P>0.05). The results of Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test showed that the survival rate was lower in patients with high YARS1 gene expression than that of patients with low YARS1 gene expression ( P<0.001). The results of multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that YARS1 was used as an independent prognostic factor for hepatocellular carcinoma [hazard ratio=1.10, 95% confidence interval (1.050-1.156), P<0.001]. The results of gene set enrichment analysis showed that YARS1 was involved in pyrimidine metabolism, purine metabolism, aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, ppar signal transduction pathway, oocyte meiosis, amino acid and nucleotide sugar metabolism, RNA degradation, complement pathway, valine and isoleucine degradation, spliceosome, and other pathways. Conclusion:The high expression of YARS1 is associated with the progression and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, this gene is expected to become a novel biomarker and a sort of target for biological therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Due to limited options and modalities for the etiological treatment of autoimmune liver diseases, it is urgent to seek new therapeutic methods for liver autoimmune diseases. As the most common source of cells for stem cell therapy, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an important role in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses and have been widely used in clinical trials for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and inflammatory diseases. Recent experimental and clinical studies have shown that MSCs and MSC-EVs can inhibit the activation and proliferation of a variety of liver proinflammatory cells (such as Th1, Th17, and M1 macrophages), regulate the differentiation of different subsets of T and B cells, reduce the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, and promote the proliferation of anti-inflammatory cells, thereby playing an immunoregulatory role. This article reviews the clinical trials of MSCs and MSC-EVs in the treatment of autoimmune liver diseases and their mechanism in regulating immune function and promoting hepatocyte regeneration and briefly describes the potential application and limitations of MSCs and MSC-EVs in clinical practice.

Humans ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics* ; Alanine Transaminase ; RNA ; Antiviral Agents ; DNA, Viral

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an inflammatory disease of the liver mediated by autoimmune response, and in the diagnosis and treatment of AIH, it is of great importance to accurately assess the progression of liver inflammation, screen out the patients requiring corticosteroid therapy, and evaluate the therapeutic outcome. This article introduces a variety of new noninvasive techniques which have been discovered by clinical and experimental studies in recent years and have the potential to evaluate the progression of AIH, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each technique. It is concluded that the new noninvasive techniques have more advantages in guiding the corticosteroid therapy for AIH, but further clinical studies are still needed for verification.

Chronic liver disease causes bleeding and coagulation system abnormalities through a variety of mechanisms. Thrombocytopenia is a common complication of chronic liver disease. Patients with chronic liver disease, especially liver cirrhosis, often face more invasive examinations or surgeries, which brings great challenges to clinical diagnosis and treatment. Traditional platelet transfusion is the main clinical intervention. With the approval of thrombopoietin receptor agonists, the current management standards for chronic liver disease-related thrombocytopenia may face changes. This article reviews the current main non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions for chronic liver disease-related thrombocytopenia, and put forwards the corresponding clinical management improvement strategies based on the efficacy and limitations of these interventions.

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) liver fibrosis is the process of liver tissue damage and repair caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and may develop into liver cirrhosis in severe cases, and there are still no specific drugs for the treatment of this disease. This article summarizes the main targets involved in the development and progression of CHB liver fibrosis, such as hepatic stellate cell activation, inflammation, and gut-liver axis, as well as the signal transduction pathways associated with fibrosis, and targeting these targets may have a certain anti-fibrogenic effect. At present, anti-HBV therapy combined with or followed by anti-fibrotic therapy can delay or even reverse liver fibrosis/cirrhosis in some patients; however, the reversal of advanced liver fibrosis/cirrhosis still faces great challenges, and there is still no consensus on the timing of combined or sequential therapy. It is believed that identification of therapeutic targets highly associated with CHB liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and combination therapy with compounds targeting multiple pathways associated with liver fibrosis will become the focus of future research.

Autoimmune cholangitis (AIC) was first reported in 1987 as a chronic cholestatic disease that occurs predominantly in middle-aged women and has a common clinical manifestations, biochemical abnormalities and pathological changes with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). However, serum anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA) are negative, and ANA and/or smooth muscle antibody positive rates are higher. The treatment response and prognosis with ursodeoxycholic acid and steroids is poor, thus it needs to be treated with immunosuppressive agents. Presently, the exact pathological mechanism of AIC is still unclear, and there is no unified assertion that classifies it as a new autoimmune liver disease or AMA-negative PBC. This article reviews the worldwide published work on AIC and compares them with PBC.

Objective To study the anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effects of Rhizoma Zingiberis alcoholic Extract (RZE) and to explore its in-vitro antibacterial actions. Methods Auricular swelling method in mice, typhoid and paratyphoid vaccines-induced fever in rabbits and bodytwisting test in mice were used respectively to observe the anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effects of RZE. Results RZE could inhibit xylene-induced auricular swelling and bodytwisting response reaction induced by acetic acid in mice; RZE also reduce the vaccines-induced fever in rabbits. MIC of RZE for 8 bacterial strains ranged 13.5 mg/mL to 432 mg/mL. Conclusion RZE has a significant anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effects and exert in-vitro antibacterial action.